Computable real numbers x are interpreted as (potentially) infinite
fractions in base 2 that are specified through a rule for computation
of an integer a with |(2^k)*x - a| <= 1 for any k>=0.
The internal data structure should not be accessed.
The interface for the outside world is as follows:
The type CREAL is a supertype of the type RATIONAL. (CREAL-P x), for
an object x, returns T if x is of type CREAL, otherwise NIL.
(RATIONAL-APPROX-R x k), for a CREAL x and an integer k>=0, returns a rational a with |x - a| < 1/2^k.
(MAKE-REAL fun) returns the real number given by fun. Here fun is a
function taking an argument k, that computes a as above.
CREALs are displayed by PRINT (etc.) as a decimal fraction. The
error hereby is at most one unit in the last digit that was
output. The number of decimal digits after the decimal point is
defined through the dynamic variable *PRINT-PREC*.
For internal comparison operations etc. a precision threshold is used. It is
defined through the dynamic variable *CREAL-TOLERANCE*. Its value should
be a nonnegative integer n, meaning that numbers are considered equal
if they differ by at most 2^(-n).
N.B. There are no external comparison functions, since
comparison is in general not decidable in finite time. Instead, we
recommend using ordinary Common Lisp comparison functions after
producing a k-bit approximation using the RATIONAL-APPROX-R to
convert a CREAL to a rational number.
The following functions, constants and variables are exported. (The
package is named "COMPUTABLE-REALS" or "CR" for short.)
CREAL type type of the computable real numbers
CREAL-P object function tests for type CREAL
*PRINT-PREC* variable specifies precision of output
*CREAL-TOLERANCE* variable precision threshold for comparison
APPROX-R x:creal k:int>=0
function returns approximation of x to k digits
MAKE-REAL function function creates object of type CREAL
RATIONAL-APPROX-R x:creal k:int>0
function returns a rational approximation that
differs by less than 2^(-k).
RATIONALIZE-R x:creal k:int>0
function returns the simplest rational approximation
that differs by less than 2^(-k)
RAW-APPROX-R x:creal function returns 3 values a,n,s with:
if a = 0: |x| <= 2^(-n), s = 0
and n >= *CREAL-TOLERANCE*
else: a0 integer > 4, n0 integer >=0,
s = +1 or -1, and sign(x) = s,
(a-1)*2^(-n) <= |x| <= (a+1)*2^(-n)
PRINT-R x:creal k:int>=0 &optional (flag t)
function outputs x with k decimal digits.
If flag is true, first a newline.
+R {creal}* function computes the sum of the arguments
-R creal {creal}* function computes negative or difference
*R {creal}* function computes the product of the arguments
/R creal {creal}* function computes reciprocal or quotient
SQRT-R creal function computes the square root
+LOG2-R+ constant log(2)
+PI-R+ constant pi
+2PI-R+ constant 2*pi
+PI/2-R+ constant pi/2
+PI/4-R+ constant pi/4
LOG-R x:creal &optional b:creal
function computes the logarithm of n in base b;
default is the natural logarithm
EXP-R creal function computes the exponential function
EXPT-R x:creal y:creal function computes x^y
SIN-R creal function computes the sine
COS-R creal function computes the cosine
TAN-R creal function computes the tangent
ATAN-R x:creal &optional y:creal
function computes the arctangent of x or
the phase angle of (x,y)
ASH-R x:creal n:int function computes x * 2^n
ROUND-R x:creal &optional y:creal
function computes two values q (integer) and r
(creal) with x = q*y + r and |r|<=|y|/2
according to the precision specified by
*CREAL-TOLERANCE*
FLOOR-R x:creal &optional y:creal
function like ROUND-R, corresponding to floor
CEILING-R x:creal &optional y:creal
function like ROUND-R, corresponding to ceiling
TRUNCATE-R x:creal &optional y:creal
function like ROUND-R, corresponding to truncate