diff --git a/.github/workflows/rust.yml b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
index f6d967c6..1ca6f12f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
         with:
           profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly-2023-07-01
+          toolchain: nightly-2023-12-31
           override: true
           components: rustfmt, clippy, rust-src
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ jobs:
           git diff --exit-code
       - name: Clippy
         run: make clippy
+        env:
+          EXTRA_CARGO_ARGS: '--fix'
       - name: Run tests
         run: make test
         env:
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
         with:
           profile: minimal
-          toolchain: 1.67.1
+          toolchain: 1.75.0
           override: true
           components: rustfmt, clippy, rust-src
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
         with:
           profile: minimal
-          toolchain: nightly-2023-07-01
+          toolchain: nightly-2023-12-31
           override: true
           components: llvm-tools-preview
       - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
@@ -96,15 +98,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install grcov
         run: if [[ ! -e ~/.cargo/bin/grcov ]]; then cargo install --locked grcov; fi
       - name: Run tests
-        run: |
-          make test_matrix
+        run: make test_matrix
         env:
-          RUSTFLAGS: '-Zinstrument-coverage'
+          RUSTFLAGS: '-Cinstrument-coverage'
           LLVM_PROFILE_FILE: '%p-%m.profraw'
           EXTRA_CARGO_ARGS: '--verbose'
       - name: Run grcov
         run: grcov `find . \( -name "*.profraw" \) -print` --binary-path target/debug/deps/ -s . -t lcov --branch --ignore-not-existing --ignore '../**' --ignore '/*' -o coverage.lcov
       - name: Upload
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
         with:
           file: coverage.lcov
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e2aaa484..fb0c9b30 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,17 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### New Features
+
+* Add a new Prometheus metric `raft_engine_write_compression_ratio` to track compression ratio of write #358
+
+## [0.4.2] - 2024-04-16
+
+### Behavior Changes
+
+* Periodically flush unsynced bytes when rewriting to avoid I/O jitters if flushing too many bytes impede the foreground writes. (#347)
+* Errors will be returned if rewriting fails, instread of `panic` directly. (#343)
+
 ## [0.4.1] - 2023-09-14
 
 ### Behavior Changes
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 4f6f4846..fe1e4853 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 [package]
 name = "raft-engine"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 authors = ["The TiKV Project Developers"]
 edition = "2018"
-rust-version = "1.66.0"
+rust-version = "1.75.0"
 description = "A persistent storage engine for Multi-Raft logs"
 readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/tikv/raft-engine"
@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ hex = "0.4"
 if_chain = "1.0"
 lazy_static = "1.3"
 libc = "0.2"
-log = { version = "0.4", features = ["max_level_trace", "release_max_level_debug"] }
+log = { version = "0.4", features = [
+  "max_level_trace",
+  "release_max_level_debug",
+] }
 lz4-sys = "1.9"
 memmap2 = { version = "0.9", optional = true }
 nix = "0.26"
@@ -57,15 +60,19 @@ rhai = { version = "1.7", features = ["sync"], optional = true }
 scopeguard = "1.1"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_repr = "0.1"
-strum = { version = "0.25.0", features = ["derive"] }
+strum = { version = "0.26.2", features = ["derive"] }
 thiserror = "1.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = "0.4"
 ctor = "0.2"
 env_logger = "0.10"
-kvproto = { git = "https://github.com/pingcap/kvproto.git", default-features = false, features = ["protobuf-codec"] }
-raft = { git = "https://github.com/tikv/raft-rs", branch = "master", default-features = false, features = ["protobuf-codec"] }
+kvproto = { git = "https://github.com/pingcap/kvproto.git", default-features = false, features = [
+  "protobuf-codec",
+] }
+raft = { git = "https://github.com/tikv/raft-rs", branch = "master", default-features = false, features = [
+  "protobuf-codec",
+] }
 rand = "0.8"
 rand_distr = "0.4"
 tempfile = "3.6"
@@ -74,19 +81,10 @@ toml = "0.8"
 [features]
 default = ["internals", "scripting"]
 internals = []
-nightly = [
-  "prometheus/nightly",
-]
-failpoints = [
-  "fail/failpoints",
-]
-scripting = [
-  "rhai",
-]
-swap = [
-  "nightly",
-  "memmap2",
-]
+nightly = ["prometheus/nightly"]
+failpoints = ["fail/failpoints"]
+scripting = ["rhai"]
+swap = ["nightly", "memmap2"]
 std_fs = []
 
 nightly_group = ["nightly", "swap"]
diff --git a/ctl/Cargo.toml b/ctl/Cargo.toml
index 674b46dc..0b95c8ab 100644
--- a/ctl/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ctl/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 [package]
 name = "raft-engine-ctl"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 authors = ["The TiKV Project Developers"]
 edition = "2018"
-rust-version = "1.61.0"
+rust-version = "1.75.0"
 description = "A control tool for Raft Engine"
 repository = "https://github.com/tikv/raft-engine"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@@ -11,4 +11,7 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"
 [dependencies]
 clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive", "cargo"] }
 env_logger = "0.10"
-raft-engine = { path = "..", version = "0.4.1", features = ["scripting", "internals"] }
+raft-engine = { path = "..", version = "0.4.1", features = [
+    "scripting",
+    "internals",
+] }
diff --git a/src/engine.rs b/src/engine.rs
index 1a09b397..10416a29 100644
--- a/src/engine.rs
+++ b/src/engine.rs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ where
             return Ok(0);
         }
         let start = Instant::now();
-        let len = log_batch.finish_populate(
+        let (len, compression_ratio) = log_batch.finish_populate(
             self.cfg.batch_compression_threshold.0 as usize,
             self.cfg.compression_level,
         )?;
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ where
         now = end;
         ENGINE_WRITE_DURATION_HISTOGRAM.observe(now.saturating_duration_since(start).as_secs_f64());
         ENGINE_WRITE_SIZE_HISTOGRAM.observe(len as f64);
+        ENGINE_WRITE_COMPRESSION_RATIO_HISTOGRAM.observe(compression_ratio);
         Ok(len)
     }
 
diff --git a/src/env/log_fd/unix.rs b/src/env/log_fd/unix.rs
index 608cca70..e9b75542 100644
--- a/src/env/log_fd/unix.rs
+++ b/src/env/log_fd/unix.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl LogFd {
         while readed < buf.len() {
             let bytes = match pread(self.0, &mut buf[readed..], offset as i64) {
                 Ok(bytes) => bytes,
-                Err(e) if e == Errno::EINTR => continue,
+                Err(Errno::EINTR) => continue,
                 Err(e) => return Err(from_nix_error(e, "pread")),
             };
             // EOF
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl LogFd {
         while written < content.len() {
             let bytes = match pwrite(self.0, &content[written..], offset as i64) {
                 Ok(bytes) => bytes,
-                Err(e) if e == Errno::EINTR => continue,
+                Err(Errno::EINTR) => continue,
                 Err(e) if e == Errno::ENOSPC => return Err(from_nix_error(e, "nospace")),
                 Err(e) => return Err(from_nix_error(e, "pwrite")),
             };
diff --git a/src/file_pipe_log/mod.rs b/src/file_pipe_log/mod.rs
index 64042e01..c65515a3 100644
--- a/src/file_pipe_log/mod.rs
+++ b/src/file_pipe_log/mod.rs
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ pub mod debug {
                 let log_file_format = LogFileContext::new(file_id, Version::default());
                 for batch in bs.iter_mut() {
                     let offset = writer.offset() as u64;
-                    let len = batch
+                    let (len, _) = batch
                         .finish_populate(1 /* compression_threshold */, None)
                         .unwrap();
                     batch.prepare_write(&log_file_format).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/file_pipe_log/pipe.rs b/src/file_pipe_log/pipe.rs
index 43b3483a..27ea8267 100644
--- a/src/file_pipe_log/pipe.rs
+++ b/src/file_pipe_log/pipe.rs
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Retire files.
         assert_eq!(pipe_log.purge_to(last).unwrap() as u64, last - first);
         // Try to read recycled file.
-        for (_, handle) in handles.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        for handle in handles.into_iter() {
             assert!(pipe_log.read_bytes(handle).is_err());
         }
         // Try to reuse.
diff --git a/src/log_batch.rs b/src/log_batch.rs
index c6ce147c..537609dc 100644
--- a/src/log_batch.rs
+++ b/src/log_batch.rs
@@ -767,28 +767,32 @@ impl LogBatch {
         &mut self,
         compression_threshold: usize,
         compression_level: Option<usize>,
-    ) -> Result<usize> {
+    ) -> Result<(usize, f64)> {
         let _t = StopWatch::new(perf_context!(log_populating_duration));
         debug_assert!(self.buf_state == BufState::Open);
         if self.is_empty() {
             self.buf_state = BufState::Encoded(self.buf.len(), 0);
-            return Ok(0);
+            return Ok((0, 0.0));
         }
         self.buf_state = BufState::Incomplete;
 
         // entries
-        let (header_offset, compression_type) = if compression_threshold > 0
+        let (header_offset, compression_type, compression_ratio) = if compression_threshold > 0
             && self.buf.len() >= LOG_BATCH_HEADER_LEN + compression_threshold
         {
             let buf_len = self.buf.len();
-            lz4::append_compress_block(
+            let compression_ratio = lz4::append_compress_block(
                 &mut self.buf,
                 LOG_BATCH_HEADER_LEN,
                 compression_level.unwrap_or(lz4::DEFAULT_LZ4_COMPRESSION_LEVEL),
             )?;
-            (buf_len - LOG_BATCH_HEADER_LEN, CompressionType::Lz4)
+            (
+                buf_len - LOG_BATCH_HEADER_LEN,
+                CompressionType::Lz4,
+                compression_ratio,
+            )
         } else {
-            (0, CompressionType::None)
+            (0, CompressionType::None, 0.0)
         };
 
         // checksum
@@ -830,7 +834,7 @@ impl LogBatch {
         }
 
         self.buf_state = BufState::Encoded(header_offset, footer_roffset - LOG_BATCH_HEADER_LEN);
-        Ok(self.buf.len() - header_offset)
+        Ok((self.buf.len() - header_offset, compression_ratio))
     }
 
     /// Make preparations for the write of `LogBatch`.
@@ -1328,7 +1332,7 @@ mod tests {
                 offset: 0,
             };
             let old_approximate_size = batch.approximate_size();
-            let len = batch.finish_populate(usize::from(compress), None).unwrap();
+            let (len, _) = batch.finish_populate(usize::from(compress), None).unwrap();
             assert!(old_approximate_size >= len);
             assert_eq!(batch.approximate_size(), len);
             let mut batch_handle = mocked_file_block_handle;
@@ -1493,7 +1497,7 @@ mod tests {
         batch1.merge(&mut batch2).unwrap();
         assert!(batch2.is_empty());
 
-        let len = batch1.finish_populate(0, None).unwrap();
+        let (len, _) = batch1.finish_populate(0, None).unwrap();
         batch1.prepare_write(&file_context).unwrap();
         let encoded = batch1.encoded_bytes();
         assert_eq!(len, encoded.len());
@@ -1549,7 +1553,8 @@ mod tests {
                 offset: 0,
             };
             let buf_len = batch.buf.len();
-            let len = batch.finish_populate(1, None).unwrap();
+            let (len, compression_ratio) = batch.finish_populate(1, None).unwrap();
+            assert!(compression_ratio == 0.0);
             assert!(len == 0);
             assert_eq!(batch.buf_state, BufState::Encoded(buf_len, 0));
             let file_context = LogFileContext::new(mocked_file_block_handles.id, Version::V2);
@@ -1671,7 +1676,8 @@ mod tests {
             },
         ];
         let old_approximate_size = batch.approximate_size();
-        let len = batch.finish_populate(1, None).unwrap();
+        let (len, compression_ratio) = batch.finish_populate(1, None).unwrap();
+        assert!(compression_ratio > 0.0);
         assert!(old_approximate_size >= len);
         assert_eq!(batch.approximate_size(), len);
         let checksum = batch.item_batch.checksum;
diff --git a/src/metrics.rs b/src/metrics.rs
index 6ca10940..3fcf692c 100644
--- a/src/metrics.rs
+++ b/src/metrics.rs
@@ -201,6 +201,12 @@ lazy_static! {
         exponential_buckets(256.0, 1.8, 22).unwrap()
     )
     .unwrap();
+    pub static ref ENGINE_WRITE_COMPRESSION_RATIO_HISTOGRAM: Histogram = register_histogram!(
+        "raft_engine_write_compression_ratio",
+        "Bucketed histogram of Raft Engine write compression ratio",
+        exponential_buckets(0.0005, 1.8, 16).unwrap()
+    )
+    .unwrap();
     pub static ref LOG_ALLOCATE_DURATION_HISTOGRAM: Histogram = register_histogram!(
         "raft_engine_allocate_log_duration_seconds",
         "Bucketed histogram of Raft Engine allocate log duration",
diff --git a/src/swappy_allocator.rs b/src/swappy_allocator.rs
index 8baa4835..0cb8db9b 100644
--- a/src/swappy_allocator.rs
+++ b/src/swappy_allocator.rs
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ impl Page {
             .read(true)
             .write(true)
             .create(true)
+            .truncate(true)
             .open(path)
             .map_err(|e| error!("Failed to open swap file: {e}"))
             .ok()?;
diff --git a/src/util.rs b/src/util.rs
index 2e35a83e..7e1d09c0 100644
--- a/src/util.rs
+++ b/src/util.rs
@@ -226,9 +226,10 @@ pub mod lz4 {
     pub const DEFAULT_LZ4_COMPRESSION_LEVEL: usize = 1;
 
     /// Compress content in `buf[skip..]`, and append output to `buf`.
-    pub fn append_compress_block(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, skip: usize, level: usize) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn append_compress_block(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, skip: usize, level: usize) -> Result<f64> {
         let buf_len = buf.len();
         let content_len = buf_len - skip;
+        let mut compression_ratio = 0.0;
         if content_len > 0 {
             if content_len > i32::MAX as usize {
                 return Err(Error::InvalidArgument(format!(
@@ -256,10 +257,11 @@ pub mod lz4 {
                 if compressed == 0 {
                     return Err(Error::Other(box_err!("Compression failed")));
                 }
+                compression_ratio = compressed as f64 / content_len as f64;
                 buf.set_len(buf_len + 4 + compressed as usize);
             }
         }
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(compression_ratio)
     }
 
     pub fn decompress_block(src: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -301,8 +303,12 @@ pub mod lz4 {
             let vecs: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![b"".to_vec(), b"123".to_vec(), b"12345678910".to_vec()];
             for mut vec in vecs.into_iter() {
                 let uncompressed_len = vec.len();
-                super::append_compress_block(&mut vec, 0, super::DEFAULT_LZ4_COMPRESSION_LEVEL)
-                    .unwrap();
+                let compression_ratio =
+                    super::append_compress_block(&mut vec, 0, super::DEFAULT_LZ4_COMPRESSION_LEVEL)
+                        .unwrap();
+                if uncompressed_len == 0 {
+                    assert_eq!(compression_ratio, 0.0);
+                }
                 let res = super::decompress_block(&vec[uncompressed_len..]).unwrap();
                 assert_eq!(res, vec[..uncompressed_len].to_owned());
             }
diff --git a/stress/Cargo.toml b/stress/Cargo.toml
index 482a3986..ae834050 100644
--- a/stress/Cargo.toml
+++ b/stress/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "stress"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 authors = ["The TiKV Authors"]
 edition = "2018"