diff --git a/04-roadmap.Rmd b/04-roadmap.Rmd index 83e884a..c9fd629 100644 --- a/04-roadmap.Rmd +++ b/04-roadmap.Rmd @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ variance $\sigma^2$. More generally, a parametric model may be defined as \end{equation*} which describes a constrained statistical model consisting of all distributions $P_{\theta}$ that are indexed by some finite, $d$-dimensional parameter -$\theta$. +$\theta$. The assumption that $P_0$ has a specific, parametric form is made quite commonly. Unfortunately, this is even the case when such assumptions are not @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ scientific conventions, accepted hypotheses, and operational assumptions. rp: This is vague. What's an example of scientific conventions, example of accepted hypotheses, and example of operational assumptions that would be incorporated in M? ---> +--> It is then the data scientist's responsibility to translate the domain knowledge into statistical knowledge about $P_0$, and then to define the statistical model $\M$ so that it respects what is known about $P_0$ and makes no further @@ -437,11 +437,11 @@ ggdag(tidy_dag) + While DAGs like the above provide a convenient means by which to express the causal relations between variables, these same causal relations can be equivalently represented by an SCM: -\begin{align*} +$$\begin{align*} W &= f_W(U_W) \\ A &= f_A(W, U_A) \\ Y &= f_Y(W, A, U_Y), -\end{align*} +\end{align*}$$ where the $f$'s are unspecified deterministic functions that generate the corresponding random variables as a function of the variable's "parents" (i.e., upstream nodes with arrows into the given random variable) in the DAG, and the @@ -474,17 +474,17 @@ of the outcome distribution in the population under two distinct interventions: These interventions may be thought of as operations that imply changes to the structural equations in the system under study. For the case $A = 1$, we have -\begin{align*} +$$\begin{align*} W &= f_W(U_W) \\ A &= 1 \\ Y(1) &= f_Y(W, 1, U_Y) \ , -\end{align*} +\end{align*}$$ while, for the case $A=0$, -\begin{align*} +$$\begin{align*} W &= f_W(U_W) \\ A &= 0 \\ Y(0) &= f_Y(W, 0, U_Y) \ . -\end{align*} +\end{align*}$$ In these equations, $A$ is no longer a function of $W$ because the intervention on the system set $A$ deterministically @@ -569,12 +569,12 @@ all four are necessary when working within the potential outcomes framework Under these assumptions, the ATE may be re-written as a function of $P_0$, the distribution of the observed data: -\begin{align} +$$\begin{align} \psi_{\text{ATE}} &= \E_0[Y(1) - Y(0)] \\ \nonumber &= \E_0 [\E_0[Y \mid A = 1, W] - \E_0[Y \mid A = 0, W]] \ . (\#eq:estimand) -\end{align} +\end{align}$$ In words, the ATE is the mean difference in the predicted outcome values for each subject, under the contrast of treatment conditions ($A = 0$ versus $A = 1$), in the population (when averaged over all observations). Thus, a parameter diff --git a/dependencies.R b/dependencies.R new file mode 100644 index 0000000..374f46f --- /dev/null +++ b/dependencies.R @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +library(sysfonts) +library(rmarkdown) +library(bookdown) diff --git a/renv.lock b/renv.lock index 4c049e7..ae58be7 100644 --- a/renv.lock +++ b/renv.lock @@ -448,14 +448,15 @@ }, "bookdown": { "Package": "bookdown", - "Version": "0.34.2", - "Source": "GitHub", - "RemoteType": "github", - "RemoteHost": "api.github.com", - "RemoteUsername": "rstudio", - "RemoteRepo": "bookdown", - "RemoteRef": "main", - "RemoteSha": "e3cae95282f497c55864057e9e8255e2aed75120", + "Version": "0.40", + "Source": "Repository", + "Repository": "CRAN", + "RemoteType": "standard", + "RemotePkgRef": "bookdown", + "RemoteRef": "bookdown", + "RemoteRepos": "https://cran.rstudio.com", + "RemotePkgPlatform": "aarch64-apple-darwin20", + "RemoteSha": "0.40", "Requirements": [ "R", "htmltools", @@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ "xfun", "yaml" ], - "Hash": "cd70ae66241b6493b5f323aea8bac6b0" + "Hash": "896a79478a50c78fb035a37148638f4e" }, "boot": { "Package": "boot", @@ -3519,6 +3520,19 @@ "Repository": "CRAN", "Hash": "b227d13e29222b4574486cfcbde077fa" }, + "sysfonts": { + "Package": "sysfonts", + "Version": "0.8.9", + "Source": "Repository", + "Repository": "CRAN", + "RemoteType": "standard", + "RemotePkgRef": "sysfonts", + "RemoteRef": "sysfonts", + "RemoteRepos": "https://cran.rstudio.com", + "RemotePkgPlatform": "aarch64-apple-darwin20", + "RemoteSha": "0.8.9", + "Hash": "7dfca1e9c5c278300b5ca6a1772072f7" + }, "systemfonts": { "Package": "systemfonts", "Version": "1.1.0",