smartWordWrap.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Author: Daniel "Trizen" Șuteu
# License: GPLv3
# Date: 15th October 2013
# https://trizenx.blogspot.com

# Smart word wrap algorithm
# See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_wrap#Minimum_raggedness

use 5.016;
use strict;
use warnings;

package Smart::Word::Wrap {

    sub new {
        my (undef, %args) = @_;

        my %opt = (
                   width => 6,
                   text  => '',
                  );

        foreach my $key (keys %args) {
            if (exists $opt{$key}) {
                $opt{$key} = delete $args{$key};
            }
            else {
                local $" = ', ';
                die "ERROR: invalid key-option '$key' (expected one of {@{[keys %opt]}})";
            }
        }

        bless \%opt, __PACKAGE__;
    }

    # This is the ugliest function! It, recursively,
    # prepares the words for the make_paths() function.
    sub prepare_words {
        my ($self, @array) = @_;

        my @root;
        my $len = 0;

        for (my $i = 0 ; $i <= $#array ; $i++) {
            $len += (my $wordLen = length($array[$i]));

            if ($len > $self->{width}) {
                if ($wordLen > $self->{width}) {
                    $len -= $wordLen;
                    splice(@array, $i, 1, unpack "(A$self->{width})*", $array[$i]);
                    $i--, next;
                }
                last;
            }

            push @root, [@array[0 .. $i], __SUB__->($self, @array[$i + 1 .. $#{array}])];
            last if ++$len >= $self->{width};
        }

        @root ? @root : @array ? \@array : ();
    }

    # This function creates all the
    # available paths, for further processing.
    sub make_paths {
        my (@array) = @_;

        my @head;
        while (@array) {
            last if ref($array[0]) eq 'ARRAY';
            push @head, shift @array;
        }

        my @row;
        foreach my $path (@array) {
            push @row, {"@head" => __SUB__->(@{$path})};
        }

        @row ? \@row : "@head";
    }

    # This function combines the
    # the parents with the children.
    sub combine {
        my ($root, $hash) = @_;

        my @row;
        while (my ($key, $value) = each %{$hash}) {
            push @{$root}, $key;

            if (ref $value eq 'ARRAY') {
                foreach my $item (@{$value}) {
                    push @row, __SUB__->($root, $item);
                }
            }
            else {
                push @row, @{$root}, $value;
            }

            pop @{$root};
        }

        \@row;
    }

    # This function normalize the combinations.
    # Example: [[["abc"]]] is normalized to ["abc"];
    sub normalize {
        my ($array_ref) = @_;

        my @strings;
        foreach my $item (@{$array_ref}) {

            if (ref $item eq 'ARRAY') {
                push @strings, __SUB__->($item);
            }
            else {
                push @strings, $array_ref;
                last;
            }
        }

        @strings;
    }

    # This function finds the best
    # combination available and returns it.
    sub find_best {
        my ($self, @arrays) = @_;

        my %best = (score => 'inf');

        foreach my $array_ref (@arrays) {

            my $score = 0;
            foreach my $string (@{$array_ref}) {
                $score += ($self->{width} - length($string))**2;
            }

            if ($score < $best{score}) {
                $best{score} = $score;
                $best{value} = $array_ref;
            }
        }

        exists($best{value}) ? @{$best{value}} : ();
    }

    # This is the main function of the algorithm
    # which calls all the other functions and
    # returns the best possible wrapped string.
    sub smart_wrap {
        my ($self, %opt) = @_;

        if (%opt) {
            $self = $self->new(%{$self}, %opt);
        }

        my @words =
          ref($self->{text}) eq 'ARRAY'
          ? @{$self->{text}}
          : split(' ', $self->{text});

        my @paths;
        foreach my $group ($self->prepare_words(@words)) {
            push @paths, make_paths(@{$group});
        }

        my @combinations;
        while (@paths) {

            if (ref($paths[0]) eq 'ARRAY') {
                push @paths, @{shift @paths};
                next;
            }

            my $path = shift @paths;
            push @combinations, ref($path) eq 'HASH' ? [combine([], $path)] : [$path];
        }

        join("\n", $self->find_best(normalize(\@combinations)));
    }

}

#
## Usage example
#

my $text = 'aaa bb cc ddddd';

my $obj = Smart::Word::Wrap->new(width => 7);

say "=>>> SMART WRAP:";
say $obj->smart_wrap(text => $text);

say "\n=>>> GREEDY WRAP (Text::Wrap):";
require Text::Wrap;
$Text::Wrap::columns = $obj->{width};
$Text::Wrap::columns += 1;
say Text::Wrap::wrap('', '', $text);