Workshop: pgvector to Prod in 2 hours

Create a production-ready MVP for securely chatting with your documents.

☑️ Features

Interactive Chat Interface: Interact with your documentation, leveraging the capabilities of OpenAI’s GPT models and retrieval augmented generation (RAG).
Login With <3rd Party>: Integrate one-click 3rd party login with any of our 18 auth providers and user/password.
Document Storage: Securely upload, store, and retrieve user uploaded documents.
REST API: Expose a flexible REST API that we’ll consume to build the interactive front-end.
Row-level Security: Secure all of your user data user data with production-ready row-level security.

🎥 YouTube video

This entire workshop was recorded as a YouTube video. Feel free to watch it here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibzlEQmgPPY

📄 Workshop Instructions

Thanks for joining! Let's dive in.

Clone repo: Clone this repo at tag step-1:
```
git clone -b step-1 https://github.com/supabase-community/chatgpt-your-files.git
```
This will automatically clone at step 1, our starting point.
Git checkpoints: The workshop is broken down into steps (git tags). There's a step for every major feature we are building.

Feel free to follow along live with the presenter. When it's time to jump to the next step, run:
```
git stash push -u # stash your working directory
git checkout step-X # jump to a checkpoint (replace X wit step #)
```
Step-by-step guide: These steps are written out line-by-line. Feel free to follow along using the steps below.

🧱 Pre-req’s

Unix-based OS (if Windows, WSL2)
Docker
Node.js 18+

💿 Sample Data

This repository includes 3 sample markdown files that we'll use to test the app:

./sample-files/roman-empire-1.md

./sample-files/roman-empire-2.md

./sample-files/roman-empire-3.md

🪜 Step-by-step

Jump to a step:

Storage
Documents
Embeddings
Chat
Database Types (Bonus)
You're done!

Step 0 - Setup (Optional)

`Step 0` - Setup

Use this command to jump to the step-0 checkpoint.

git checkout step-0

The beginning of step 0 is aka to:

npx create-next-app -e with-supabase

Refer to this step if you want to learn about the additions added on top of create-next-app to get us up and running quicker for this workshop (VS Code settings, UI components/styles/layouts). Otherwise, skip straight to step-1.

Install Supabase as dev dependency.
```
npm i -D [email protected]
```
Initialize Supabase project.
```
npx supabase init
```

(Optional) Setup VSCode environment.

mkdir -p .vscode && cat > .vscode/settings.json <<- EOF
{
  "deno.enable": true,
  "deno.lint": true,
  "deno.unstable": false,
  "deno.enablePaths": [
    "supabase"
  ],
  "deno.importMap": "./supabase/functions/import_map.json"
}
EOF

(Optional) Setup VSCode recommended extensions.

cat > .vscode/extensions.json <<- EOF
{
 "recommendations": [
   "denoland.vscode-deno",
   "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
   "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
   "bradlc.vscode-tailwindcss",
 ],
}
EOF

Then cmd+shift+p → >show recommended extensions → install all (or whichever you like)

Create import_map.json with dependencies for our Supabase Edge Functions. We'll talk more about this in step 2.

cat > supabase/functions/import_map.json <<- EOF
 {
   "imports": {
     "@std/": "https://deno.land/[email protected]/",

     "@supabase/supabase-js": "https://esm.sh/@supabase/[email protected]",
     "openai": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
     "common-tags": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
     "ai": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",

     "mdast-util-from-markdown": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
     "mdast-util-to-markdown": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
     "mdast-util-to-string": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
     "unist-builder": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
     "mdast": "https://esm.sh/v132/@types/[email protected]/index.d.ts",

     "https://esm.sh/v132/[email protected]/esnext/decode-named-character-reference.mjs": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]?target=deno"
   }
 }
 EOF

Scaffold Frontend

We use shadcn/ui for our UI components.

Initialize shadcn-ui.

npx shadcn-ui@latest init

Would you like to use TypeScript (recommended)? yes
Which style would you like to use? › Default
Which color would you like to use as base color? › Slate
Where is your global CSS file? › › app/globals.css
Do you want to use CSS variables for colors? › yes
Where is your tailwind.config.js located? › tailwind.config.js
Configure the import alias for components: › @/components
Configure the import alias for utils: › @/lib/utils
Are you using React Server Components? › yes

Add components.

npx shadcn-ui@latest add button input toast

Install dependencies.
```
npm i @tanstack/react-query three-dots
```
Wrap the app in a <QueryClientProvider>.
Build layouts.

`Step 1` - Storage

Use this command to jump to the step-1 checkpoint.

git checkout step-1

We'll start by handling file uploads. Supabase has a built-in object storage (backed by S3 under the hood) that integrates directly with your Postgres database.

Install dependencies

First install NPM dependencies.

npm i

Setup Supabase stack

When developing a project in Supabase, you can choose to develop locally or directly on the cloud.

Local

Start a local version of Supabase (runs in Docker).
```
npx supabase start
```

Store the Supabase URL & public anon key in .env.local for Next.js.

npx supabase status -o env \
  --override-name api.url=NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL \
  --override-name auth.anon_key=NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY |
    grep NEXT_PUBLIC > .env.local

Cloud

Create a Supabase project at https://database.new, or via the CLI:
```
npx supabase projects create -i "ChatGPT Your Files"
```
Your Org ID can be found in the URL after selecting an org.
Link your CLI to the project.
```
npx supabase link --project-ref=<project-id>
```
You can get the project ID from the general settings page.
Store Supabase URL & public anon key in .env.local for Next.js.
```
NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL=<api-url>
NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=<anon-key>
```
You can get the project API URL and anonymous key from the API settings page.

Build a SQL migration

Create migration file.
```
npx supabase migration new files
```
A new file will be created under ./supabase/migrations.
Within that file, create a private schema.
```
create schema private;
```

Add bucket called 'files' via the buckets table in the storage schema.

insert into storage.buckets (id, name)
values ('files', 'files')
on conflict do nothing;

Add RLS policies to restrict access to files.

create policy "Authenticated users can upload files"
on storage.objects for insert to authenticated with check (
  bucket_id = 'files' and owner = auth.uid()
);

create policy "Users can view their own files"
on storage.objects for select to authenticated using (
  bucket_id = 'files' and owner = auth.uid()
);

create policy "Users can update their own files"
on storage.objects for update to authenticated with check (
  bucket_id = 'files' and owner = auth.uid()
);

create policy "Users can delete their own files"
on storage.objects for delete to authenticated using (
  bucket_id = 'files' and owner = auth.uid()
);

Modify frontend

Next let's update ./app/files/page.tsx to support file upload.

Setup Supabase client at the top of the component.

const supabase = createClientComponentClient();

Handle file upload in the <Input>'s onChange prop.

await supabase.storage
  .from('files')
  .upload(`${crypto.randomUUID()}/${selectedFile.name}`, selectedFile);

Improve upload RLS policy

We can improve our previous RLS policy to require a UUID in the uploaded file path.

Create uuid_or_null() function.

create or replace function private.uuid_or_null(str text)
returns uuid
language plpgsql
as $$
begin
  return str::uuid;
  exception when invalid_text_representation then
    return null;
  end;
$$;

Modify insert policy to check for UUID in the first path segment (Postgres arrays are 1-based).

create policy "Authenticated users can upload files"
on storage.objects for insert to authenticated with check (
  bucket_id = 'files' and
    owner = auth.uid() and
    private.uuid_or_null(path_tokens[1]) is not null
);

Apply the migration to our local database.
```
npx supabase migration up
```
or if you are developing directly on the cloud, push your migrations up:
```
npx supabase db push
```

`Step 2` - Documents

Jump to a step:

Storage
Documents
Embeddings
Chat
Database Types (Bonus)
You're done!

Use these commands to jump to the step-2 checkpoint.

git stash push -u -m "my work on step-1"
git checkout step-2

Next we'll need to process our files for retrieval augmented generation (RAG). Specifically we'll split the contents of our markdown documents by heading, which will allow us to query smaller and more meaningful sections.

Let's create a documents and document_sections table to store our processed files.

Add a new SQL migration

Create migration file.
```
npx supabase migration new documents
```

Enable pgvector and pg_net extensions.

We'll use pg_net later to send HTTP requests to our edge functions.

create extension if not exists pg_net with schema extensions;
create extension if not exists vector with schema extensions;

Create documents table.

create table documents (
  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
  name text not null,
  storage_object_id uuid not null references storage.objects (id),
  created_by uuid not null references auth.users (id) default auth.uid(),
  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now()
);

We'll also create a view documents_with_storage_path that provides easy access to the storage object path.

create view documents_with_storage_path
with (security_invoker=true)
as
  select documents.*, storage.objects.name as storage_object_path
  from documents
  join storage.objects
    on storage.objects.id = documents.storage_object_id;

Create document_sections table.

create table document_sections (
  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
  document_id bigint not null references documents (id),
  content text not null,
  embedding vector (384)
);

Note: Since the video was published, on delete cascade was added as a new migration so that the lifecycle of document_sections is tied to their respective document.

alter table document_sections
drop constraint document_sections_document_id_fkey,
add constraint document_sections_document_id_fkey
  foreign key (document_id)
  references documents(id)
  on delete cascade;

Add HNSW index.

Unlike IVFFlat indexes, HNSW indexes can be create immediately on an empty table.
```
create index on document_sections using hnsw (embedding vector_ip_ops);
```

Setup RLS to control who has access to which documents.

alter table documents enable row level security;
alter table document_sections enable row level security;

create policy "Users can insert documents"
on documents for insert to authenticated with check (
  auth.uid() = created_by
);

create policy "Users can query their own documents"
on documents for select to authenticated using (
  auth.uid() = created_by
);

create policy "Users can insert document sections"
on document_sections for insert to authenticated with check (
  document_id in (
    select id
    from documents
    where created_by = auth.uid()
  )
);

create policy "Users can update their own document sections"
on document_sections for update to authenticated using (
  document_id in (
    select id
    from documents
    where created_by = auth.uid()
  )
) with check (
  document_id in (
    select id
    from documents
    where created_by = auth.uid()
  )
);

create policy "Users can query their own document sections"
on document_sections for select to authenticated using (
  document_id in (
    select id
    from documents
    where created_by = auth.uid()
  )
);

If developing locally, add supabase_url secret to ./supabase/seed.sql. We will use this to query our Edge Functions within our local environment.
```
select vault.create_secret(
  'http://api.supabase.internal:8000',
  'supabase_url'
);
```
If you are developing directly on the cloud, open up the SQL Editor and set this to your Supabase project's API URL:
```
select vault.create_secret(
  '<api-url>',
  'supabase_url'
);
```
You can get the project API URL from the API settings page.

Create a function to retrieve the URL.

create function supabase_url()
returns text
language plpgsql
security definer
as $$
declare
  secret_value text;
begin
  select decrypted_secret into secret_value from vault.decrypted_secrets where name = 'supabase_url';
  return secret_value;
end;
$$;

Create a trigger to process new documents when they're inserted. This uses pg_net to send an HTTP request to our Edge Function (coming up next).

create function private.handle_storage_update()
returns trigger
language plpgsql
as $$
declare
  document_id bigint;
  result int;
begin
  insert into documents (name, storage_object_id, created_by)
    values (new.path_tokens[2], new.id, new.owner)
    returning id into document_id;

  select
    net.http_post(
      url := supabase_url() || '/functions/v1/process',
      headers := jsonb_build_object(
        'Content-Type', 'application/json',
        'Authorization', current_setting('request.headers')::json->>'authorization'
      ),
      body := jsonb_build_object(
        'document_id', document_id
      )
    )
  into result;

  return null;
end;
$$;

create trigger on_file_upload
  after insert on storage.objects
  for each row
  execute procedure private.handle_storage_update();

Apply the migration to our local database.
```
npx supabase migration up
```
or if you are developing directly on the cloud, push your migrations up:
```
npx supabase db push
```

Edge function for `process`

Create the Edge Function file.
```
npx supabase functions new process
```
This will create the file ./supabase/functions/process/index.ts.

Make sure you have the latest version of deno installed
```
brew install deno
```

First let's note how dependencies are resolved using an import map - ./supabase/functions/import_map.json.

Import maps aren't required in Deno, but they can simplify imports and keep dependency versions consistent. All of our dependencies come from NPM, but since we're using Deno we fetch them from a CDN like https://esm.sh or https://cdn.jsdelivr.net.

{
  "imports": {
    "@std/": "https://deno.land/[email protected]/",

    "@supabase/supabase-js": "https://esm.sh/@supabase/[email protected]",
    "openai": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
    "common-tags": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
    "ai": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",

    "mdast-util-from-markdown": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
    "mdast-util-to-markdown": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
    "mdast-util-to-string": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
    "unist-builder": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]",
    "mdast": "https://esm.sh/v132/@types/[email protected]/index.d.ts",

    "https://esm.sh/v132/[email protected]/esnext/decode-named-character-reference.mjs": "https://esm.sh/[email protected]?target=deno"
  }
}

Note: URL based imports and import maps aren't a Deno invention. These are a web standard that Deno follows as closely as possible.

In process/index.ts, first grab the Supabase environment variables.

import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';
import { processMarkdown } from '../_lib/markdown-parser.ts';

// These are automatically injected
const supabaseUrl = Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_URL');
const supabaseAnonKey = Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_ANON_KEY');

Deno.serve(async (req) => {
  if (!supabaseUrl || !supabaseAnonKey) {
    return new Response(
      JSON.stringify({
        error: 'Missing environment variables.',
      }),
      {
        status: 500,
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
      }
    );
  }
});

Note: These environment variables are automatically injected into the edge runtime for you. Even so, we check for their existence as a TypeScript best practice (type narrowing).

(Optional) If you are using VS Code, you may get prompted to cache your imported dependencies. You can do this by hitting cmd+shift+p and type >Deno: Cache Dependencies.

Create Supabase client and configure it to inherit the original user’s permissions via the authorization header. This way we can continue to take advantage of our RLS policies.

const authorization = req.headers.get('Authorization');

if (!authorization) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ error: `No authorization header passed` }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

const supabase = createClient(supabaseUrl, supabaseAnonKey, {
  global: {
    headers: {
      authorization,
    },
  },
  auth: {
    persistSession: false,
  },
});

Grab the document_id from the request body and query it.

const { document_id } = await req.json();

const { data: document } = await supabase
  .from('documents_with_storage_path')
  .select()
  .eq('id', document_id)
  .single();

if (!document?.storage_object_path) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ error: 'Failed to find uploaded document' }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

Use the Supabase client to download the file by storage path.

const { data: file } = await supabase.storage
  .from('files')
  .download(document.storage_object_path);

if (!file) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ error: 'Failed to download storage object' }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

const fileContents = await file.text();

Process the markdown file and store the resulting subsections into the document_sections table.

Note: processMarkdown() is pre-built into this repository for convenience. Feel free to read through its code to learn how it splits the markdown content.

const processedMd = processMarkdown(fileContents);

const { error } = await supabase.from('document_sections').insert(
  processedMd.sections.map(({ content }) => ({
    document_id,
    content,
  }))
);

if (error) {
  console.error(error);
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ error: 'Failed to save document sections' }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

console.log(
  `Saved ${processedMd.sections.length} sections for file '${document.name}'`
);

Return a success response.

return new Response(null, {
  status: 204,
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
});

If developing locally, open a new terminal and serve the edge functions.
```
npx supabase functions serve
```
Note: Local Edge Functions are automatically served as part of npx supabase start, but this command allows us to also monitor their logs.

If you're developing directly on the cloud, deploy your edge function:
```
npx supabase functions deploy
```

Display documents on the frontend

Let's update ./app/files/page.tsx to list out the uploaded documents.

At the top of the component, fetch documents using the useQuery hook:

const { data: documents } = useQuery(['files'], async () => {
  const { data, error } = await supabase
    .from('documents_with_storage_path')
    .select();

  if (error) {
    toast({
      variant: 'destructive',
      description: 'Failed to fetch documents',
    });
    throw error;
  }

  return data;
});

In each document's onClick handler, download the respective file.

const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('files')
  .createSignedUrl(document.storage_object_path, 60);

if (error) {
  toast({
    variant: 'destructive',
    description: 'Failed to download file. Please try again.',
  });
  return;
}

window.location.href = data.signedUrl;

`Step 3` - Embeddings

Jump to a step:

Storage
Documents
Embeddings
Chat
Database Types (Bonus)
You're done!

Use these commands to jump to the step-3 checkpoint.

git stash push -u -m "my work on step-2"
git checkout step-3

Now let's add logic to generate embeddings automatically anytime new rows are added to the document_sections table.

Create SQL migration

Create migration file
```
npx supabase migration new embed
```

Create embed() trigger function. We'll use this general purpose trigger function to asynchronously generate embeddings on arbitrary tables using a new embed Edge Function (coming up).

create function private.embed()
returns trigger
language plpgsql
as $$
declare
  content_column text = TG_ARGV[0];
  embedding_column text = TG_ARGV[1];
  batch_size int = case when array_length(TG_ARGV, 1) >= 3 then TG_ARGV[2]::int else 5 end;
  timeout_milliseconds int = case when array_length(TG_ARGV, 1) >= 4 then TG_ARGV[3]::int else 5 * 60 * 1000 end;
  batch_count int = ceiling((select count(*) from inserted) / batch_size::float);
begin
  -- Loop through each batch and invoke an edge function to handle the embedding generation
  for i in 0 .. (batch_count-1) loop
  perform
    net.http_post(
      url := supabase_url() || '/functions/v1/embed',
      headers := jsonb_build_object(
        'Content-Type', 'application/json',
        'Authorization', current_setting('request.headers')::json->>'authorization'
      ),
      body := jsonb_build_object(
        'ids', (select json_agg(ds.id) from (select id from inserted limit batch_size offset i*batch_size) ds),
        'table', TG_TABLE_NAME,
        'contentColumn', content_column,
        'embeddingColumn', embedding_column
      ),
      timeout_milliseconds := timeout_milliseconds
    );
  end loop;

  return null;
end;
$$;

Add embed trigger to document_sections table
```
create trigger embed_document_sections
  after insert on document_sections
  referencing new table as inserted
  for each statement
  execute procedure private.embed(content, embedding);
```
Note we pass 2 trigger arguments to embed():
- The first specifies which column contains the text content to embed.
- The second specifies the destination column to save the embedding into.
There are also 2 more optional trigger arguments available:
```
create trigger embed_document_sections
  after insert on document_sections
  referencing new table as inserted
  for each statement
  execute procedure private.embed(content, embedding, 5, 300000);
```
- The third argument specifies the batch size (number of records to include in each edge function call). Default is 5.
- The fourth argument specifies the HTTP connection timeout for each edge function call. Default is 300000 ms (5 minutes).
Feel free to adjust these according to your needs. A larger batch size will require a longer timeout per request, since each invocation will have more embeddings to generate. A smaller batch size can use a lower timeout.
Note: Lifecycle of triggered edge functions
If the triggered edge function fails, you will end up with document sections missing embeddings. During development, we can run `supabase db reset` to reset the database. In production, some potential options are:
- Add another function that can be triggered manually which checks for document_sections with missing embeddings and invokes the /embed edge function for them.
- Create a scheduled function that periodically checks for document_sections with missing embeddings and re-generates them. We would likely need to add a locking mechanism (ie. via another column) to prevent the scheduled function from conflicting with the normal embed trigger.
Apply the migration to our local database.
```
npx supabase migration up
```
or if you are developing directly on the cloud, push your migrations up:
```
npx supabase db push
```

Create Edge Function for `embed`

Create edge function file.
```
npx supabase functions new embed
```
In embed/index.ts, create an inference session using Supabase's AI inference engine.
```
// Setup type definitions for built-in Supabase Runtime APIs
/// <reference types="https://esm.sh/@supabase/functions-js/src/edge-runtime.d.ts" />

import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';

const model = new Supabase.ai.Session('gte-small');
```
Note: The original code from the video tutorial used Transformers.js to perform inference in the Edge Function. We've since released Supabase.ai APIs that can perform inference natively within the runtime itself (vs. WASM) which is faster and uses less CPU time.

Just like before, grab the Supabase variables and check for their existence (type narrowing).

// These are automatically injected
const supabaseUrl = Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_URL');
const supabaseAnonKey = Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_ANON_KEY');

Deno.serve(async (req) => {
  if (!supabaseUrl || !supabaseAnonKey) {
    return new Response(
      JSON.stringify({
        error: 'Missing environment variables.',
      }),
      {
        status: 500,
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
      }
    );
  }
});

Create a Supabase client and configure to inherit the user’s permissions.

const authorization = req.headers.get('Authorization');

if (!authorization) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ error: `No authorization header passed` }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

const supabase = createClient(supabaseUrl, supabaseAnonKey, {
  global: {
    headers: {
      authorization,
    },
  },
  auth: {
    persistSession: false,
  },
});

Fetch the text content from the specified table/column.

const { ids, table, contentColumn, embeddingColumn } = await req.json();

const { data: rows, error: selectError } = await supabase
  .from(table)
  .select(`id, ${contentColumn}` as '*')
  .in('id', ids)
  .is(embeddingColumn, null);

if (selectError) {
  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: selectError }), {
    status: 500,
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  });
}

Generate an embedding for each piece of text and update the respective rows.

for (const row of rows) {
  const { id, [contentColumn]: content } = row;

  if (!content) {
    console.error(`No content available in column '${contentColumn}'`);
    continue;
  }

  const output = (await model.run(content, {
    mean_pool: true,
    normalize: true,
  })) as number[];

  const embedding = JSON.stringify(output);

  const { error } = await supabase
    .from(table)
    .update({
      [embeddingColumn]: embedding,
    })
    .eq('id', id);

  if (error) {
    console.error(
      `Failed to save embedding on '${table}' table with id ${id}`
    );
  }

  console.log(
    `Generated embedding ${JSON.stringify({
      table,
      id,
      contentColumn,
      embeddingColumn,
    })}`
  );
}

Return a success response.

return new Response(null, {
  status: 204,
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
});

If you're developing directly on the cloud, deploy your edge function:
```
npx supabase functions deploy
```

`Step 4` - Chat

Jump to a step:

Storage
Documents
Embeddings
Chat
Database Types (Bonus)
You're done!

Use these commands to jump to the step-4 checkpoint.

git stash push -u -m "my work on step-3"
git checkout step-4

Finally, let's implement the chat functionality. For this workshop, we're going to generate our query embedding client side using a new custom hook called usePipeline().

Update Frontend

Install dependencies
```
npm i @xenova/transformers ai
```
We'll use Transformers.js to perform inference directly in the browser.

Configure next.config.js to support Transformers.js

  webpack: (config) => {
    config.resolve.alias = {
      ...config.resolve.alias,
      sharp$: false,
      'onnxruntime-node$': false,
    };
    return config;
  },

Import dependencies
```
import { usePipeline } from '@/lib/hooks/use-pipeline';
import { createClientComponentClient } from '@supabase/auth-helpers-nextjs';
import { useChat } from 'ai/react';
```
Note: usePipeline() was pre-built into this repository for convenience. It uses Web Workers to asynchronously generate embeddings in another thread using Transformers.js.

Create a Supabase client in chat/page.tsx.

const supabase = createClientComponentClient();

Create embedding pipeline.
```
const generateEmbedding = usePipeline(
  'feature-extraction',
  'Supabase/gte-small'
);
```
Note: it's important that the embedding model you set here matches the model used in the Edge Function, otherwise your future matching logic will be meaningless.

Transformers.js requires models to exist in the ONNX format. Specifically the Hugging Face model you specify in the pipeline must have an .onnx file under the ./onnx folder, otherwise you will see the error Could not locate file [...] xxx.onnx. Check out this explanation for more details. To convert an existing model (eg. PyTorch, Tensorflow, etc) to ONNX, see the custom usage documentation.
Manage chat messages and state with useChat().
```
const { messages, input, handleInputChange, handleSubmit, isLoading } =
  useChat({
    api: `${process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL}/functions/v1/chat`,
  });
```
Note: useChat() is a convenience hook provided by Vercel's ai package to handle chat message state and streaming. We'll point it to an Edge Function called chat (coming up).
Set the ready status to true when pipeline has loaded.
```
const isReady = !!generateEmbedding;
```

Connect input and handleInputChange to our <Input> props.

<Input
  type="text"
  autoFocus
  placeholder="Send a message"
  value={input}
  onChange={handleInputChange}
/>

Generate an embedding and submit messages on form submit.

if (!generateEmbedding) {
  throw new Error('Unable to generate embeddings');
}

const output = await generateEmbedding(input, {
  pooling: 'mean',
  normalize: true,
});

const embedding = JSON.stringify(Array.from(output.data));

const {
  data: { session },
} = await supabase.auth.getSession();

if (!session) {
  return;
}

handleSubmit(e, {
  options: {
    headers: {
      authorization: `Bearer ${session.access_token}`,
    },
    body: {
      embedding,
    },
  },
});

Disable send button until the component is ready.

<Button type="submit" disabled={!isReady}>
  Send
</Button>

SQL Migration

Create migration file for a new match function
```
npx supabase migration new match
```
Create a match_document_sections Postgres function.
```
create or replace function match_document_sections(
  embedding vector(384),
  match_threshold float
)
returns setof document_sections
language plpgsql
as $$
#variable_conflict use_variable
begin
  return query
  select *
  from document_sections
  where document_sections.embedding <#> embedding < -match_threshold
	order by document_sections.embedding <#> embedding;
end;
$$;
```
This function uses pgvector's negative inner product operator <#> to perform similarity search. Inner product requires less computations than other distance functions like cosine distance <=>, and therefore provides better query performance.

Note: Our embeddings are normalized, so inner product and cosine similarity are equivalent in terms of output. Note though that pgvector's <=> operator is cosine distance, not cosine similarity, so inner product == 1 - cosine distance.

We also filter by a match_threshold in order to return only the most relevant results (1 = most similar, -1 = most dissimilar).

Note: match_threshold is negated because <#> is a negative inner product. See the pgvector docs for more details on why <#> is negative.
Apply the migration to our local database.
```
npx supabase migration up
```
or if you are developing directly on the cloud, push your migrations up:
```
npx supabase db push
```

Create `chat` Edge Function

Note: In this tutorial we use models provided by OpenAI to implement the chat logic. However since making this tutorial, many new LLM providers exist, such as:

Whichever provider you choose, you can reuse the code below (that uses the OpenAI lib) as long as they offer an OpenAI-compatible API (all of providers listed above do). We'll discuss how to do this in each step using Ollama, but the same logic applies to the other providers.

First generate an API key from OpenAI and save it in supabase/functions/.env.

cat > supabase/functions/.env <<- EOF
OPENAI_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
EOF

Create the edge function file.
```
npx supabase functions new chat
```

Load the OpenAI and Supabase keys.

import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js';
import { OpenAIStream, StreamingTextResponse } from 'ai';
import { codeBlock } from 'common-tags';
import OpenAI from 'openai';

const openai = new OpenAI({
  apiKey: Deno.env.get('OPENAI_API_KEY'),
});

// These are automatically injected
const supabaseUrl = Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_URL');
const supabaseAnonKey = Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_ANON_KEY');

Note: Ollama support

For Ollama (and other OpenAI-compatible providers), adjust the baseURL and apiKey when instantiating openai:

const openai = new OpenAI({
  baseURL: 'http://host.docker.internal:11434/v1/',
  apiKey: 'ollama',
});

We assume here that you're running ollama serve locally with the default port :11434. Since local edge functions run inside a Docker container, we specify host.docker.internal instead of localhost in order to reach Ollama running on your host.

Since our frontend is served at a different domain origin than our Edge Function, we must handle cross origin resource sharing (CORS).

export const corsHeaders = {
  'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
  'Access-Control-Allow-Headers':
    'authorization, x-client-info, apikey, content-type',
};

Deno.serve(async (req) => {
  // Handle CORS
  if (req.method === 'OPTIONS') {
    return new Response('ok', { headers: corsHeaders });
  }
});

Handle CORS simply by checking for an OPTIONS HTTP request and returning the CORS headers (* = allow any domain). In production, consider limiting the origins to specific domains that serve your frontend.

Check for environment variables and create Supabase client.

if (!supabaseUrl || !supabaseAnonKey) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({
      error: 'Missing environment variables.',
    }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

const authorization = req.headers.get('Authorization');

if (!authorization) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ error: `No authorization header passed` }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

const supabase = createClient(supabaseUrl, supabaseAnonKey, {
  global: {
    headers: {
      authorization,
    },
  },
  auth: {
    persistSession: false,
  },
});

The first step of RAG is to perform similarity search using our match_document_sections() function. Postgres functions are executed using the .rpc() method.

const { chatId, message, messages, embedding } = await req.json();

const { data: documents, error: matchError } = await supabase
  .rpc('match_document_sections', {
    embedding,
    match_threshold: 0.8,
  })
  .select('content')
  .limit(5);

if (matchError) {
  console.error(matchError);

  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({
      error: 'There was an error reading your documents, please try again.',
    }),
    {
      status: 500,
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    }
  );
}

The second step of RAG is to build our prompt, injecting in the relevant documents retrieved from our previous similarity search.

const injectedDocs =
  documents && documents.length > 0
    ? documents.map(({ content }) => content).join('\n\n')
    : 'No documents found';

const completionMessages: OpenAI.Chat.Completions.ChatCompletionMessageParam[] =
  [
    {
      role: 'user',
      content: codeBlock`
          You're an AI assistant who answers questions about documents.

          You're a chat bot, so keep your replies succinct.

          You're only allowed to use the documents below to answer the question.

          If the question isn't related to these documents, say:
          "Sorry, I couldn't find any information on that."

          If the information isn't available in the below documents, say:
          "Sorry, I couldn't find any information on that."

          Do not go off topic.

          Documents:
          ${injectedDocs}
        `,
    },
    ...messages,
  ];

Note: the codeBlock template tag is a convenience function that will strip away indentations in our multiline string. This allows us to format our code nicely while preserving the intended indentation.

Finally, create a completion stream and return it.

const completionStream = await openai.chat.completions.create({
  model: 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0125',
  messages: completionMessages,
  max_tokens: 1024,
  temperature: 0,
  stream: true,
});

const stream = OpenAIStream(completionStream);
return new StreamingTextResponse(stream, { headers: corsHeaders });

OpenAIStream and StreamingTextResponse are convenience helpers from Vercel's ai package that translate OpenAI's response stream into a format that useChat() understands on the frontend.

Note: we must also return CORS headers here (or anywhere else we send a response).

Note: Ollama support

Change the model to a model you're serving locally, for example:

-     model: 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0125',
+     model: 'dolphin-mistral',

If you're developing directly on the cloud, set your OPENAI_API_KEY secret in the cloud:
```
npx supabase secrets set OPENAI_API_KEY=<openai-key>
```
Then deploy your edge function:
```
npx supabase functions deploy
```

Try it!

Let's try it out! Here are some questions you could try asking:

What kind of buildings did they live in?
What was the most common food?
What did people do for fun?

`Step 5` - Database Types (Bonus)

Jump to a step:

Storage
Documents
Embeddings
Chat
Database Types (Bonus)
You're done!

Use these commands to jump to the step-5 checkpoint.

git stash push -u -m "my work on step-4"
git checkout step-5

You may have noticed that all of our DB data coming back from the supabase client has had an any type (such as documents or document_sections). This isn't great, since we're missing relevant type information and lose type safety (making our app more error-prone).

The Supabase CLI comes with a built-in command to generate TypeScript types based on your database's schema.

Generate TypeScript types based on local DB schema.

supabase gen types typescript --local > supabase/functions/_lib/database.ts

Add the <Database> generic to all Supabase clients across our project.

In React

import { Database } from '@/supabase/functions/_lib/database';

const supabase = createClientComponentClient<Database>();

import { Database } from '@/supabase/functions/_lib/database';

const supabase = createServerComponentClient<Database>();

In Edge Functions

import { Database } from '../_lib/database.ts';

const supabase = createClient<Database>(...);

Fix type errors 😃

Looks like we found a type error in ./app/files/page.tsx! Let's add this check to top of the document's click handler (type narrowing).

if (!document.storage_object_path) {
  toast({
    variant: 'destructive',
    description: 'Failed to download file, please try again.',
  });
  return;
}

You're done!

🎉 Congrats! You've built your own full stack pgvector app in 2 hours.

If you would like to jump directly to the completed app, simply checkout the main branch:

git checkout main

Jump to a previous step:

Storage
Documents
Embeddings
Chat
Database Types (Bonus)
You're done!

🚀 Going to prod

If you've been developing the app locally, follow these instructions to deploy your app to a production Supabase project.

Create a Supabase project at https://database.new, or via the CLI:
```
npx supabase projects create -i "ChatGPT Your Files"
```
Link the CLI with your Supabase project.
```
npx supabase link --project-ref=<project-ref>
```
You can grab your project's reference ID in your project’s settings.
Push migrations to remote database.
```
npx supabase db push
```

Set Edge Function secrets (OpenAI key).

npx supabase secrets set OPENAI_API_KEY=<openai-key>

Deploy Edge Functions.
```
npx supabase functions deploy
```
Deploy to Vercel (or CDN of your choice - must support Next.js API routes for authentication).
- Follow Vercel’s deploy instructions.
- Be sure to set NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL and NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY for your Supabase project.
  
  You can find these in your project’s API settings.

📈 Next steps

Feel free to extend this app in any way you like. Here are some ideas for next steps:

Record message history in the database (and generate embeddings on them for RAG memory)
Support more file formats than just markdown
Pull in documents from the Notion API
Restrict chat to user-selected documents
Perform RAG on images using CLIP embeddings

💬 Feedback and issues

Please file feedback and issues on the on this repo's issue board.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 50 Commits
.vscode		.vscode
app		app
assets		assets
components		components
lib		lib
sample-files		sample-files
supabase		supabase
.env.local.example		.env.local.example
.gitignore		.gitignore
README.md		README.md
components.json		components.json
middleware.ts		middleware.ts
next.config.js		next.config.js
package-lock.json		package-lock.json
package.json		package.json
postcss.config.js		postcss.config.js
tailwind.config.js		tailwind.config.js
tsconfig.json		tsconfig.json

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Workshop: pgvector to Prod in 2 hours

☑️ Features

🎥 YouTube video

📄 Workshop Instructions

🧱 Pre-req’s

💿 Sample Data

🪜 Step-by-step

Step 0 - Setup

Scaffold Frontend

Step 1 - Storage

Install dependencies

Setup Supabase stack

Local

Cloud

Build a SQL migration

Modify frontend

Improve upload RLS policy

Step 2 - Documents

Add a new SQL migration

Edge function for process

Display documents on the frontend

Step 3 - Embeddings

Create SQL migration

Create Edge Function for embed

Step 4 - Chat

Update Frontend

SQL Migration

Create chat Edge Function

Try it!

Step 5 - Database Types (Bonus)

You're done!

🚀 Going to prod

📈 Next steps

💬 Feedback and issues

🔗 Supabase Vector resources

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`Step 0` - Setup

`Step 1` - Storage

`Step 2` - Documents

Edge function for `process`

`Step 3` - Embeddings

Create Edge Function for `embed`

`Step 4` - Chat

Create `chat` Edge Function

`Step 5` - Database Types (Bonus)

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