Quill

Asynchronous Low Latency C++ Logging Library

• Introduction
• Documentation
• Features
• Caveats
• Performance
• Basic Usage
• CMake Integration
• Design
• License

homebrew	vcpkg	conan
brew install quill	vcpkg install quill	quill/[>=1.2.3]

Introduction

Quill is a high-performance, cross-platform logging library designed for C++14 and onwards. It provides two versions of the library:

• v1.7: This version is based on C++14 and focuses on bug fixes and stability improvements.
• v2 and onwards: Starting from version 2, Quill is based on C++17 and includes new features and ongoing maintenance.

Quill is a production-ready logging library that has undergone extensive unit testing. It has been successfully utilized in production environments, including financial trading applications, providing high-performance and reliable logging capabilities.

Documentation

For detailed documentation and usage instructions, please visit the Quill Documentation on Read the Docs. It provides comprehensive information on how to integrate and utilize Quill in your C++ applications.

Additionally, you can explore the examples folder in the Quill repository on GitHub. These examples serve as valuable resources to understand different usage scenarios and demonstrate the capabilities of the library.

Features

• Low Latency Logging: Achieve fast logging performance with low latency. Refer to the Benchmarks for more details.
• Backend Logging Thread: Format logs outside the critical path in a backend logging thread. For non-built-in types, the backend logging thread invokes ostream::operator<<() on a copy of the object. Compile-time detection of unsafe copying for non-trivial user defined types is supported. To avoid formatting them on the critical path, such types can be tagged as safe-to-copy. See User Defined Types for more information.
• Custom Formatters: Customize log formatting based on user-defined patterns. Explore Formatters for further details.
• Flexible Timestamp Generation: Choose between rdtsc, chrono, or custom clocks (useful for simulations) for timestamp generation.
• Log Stack Traces: Store log messages in a ring buffer and display them later in response to a higher severity log statement or on demand. Refer to Backtrace Logging for more information.
• Multiple Logging Targets: Utilize various logging targets, including:
  • Console logging with color support.
  • File logging.
  • Rotating log files.
  • Time rotating log files.
  • JSON logging.
  • Custom handlers.
• Log Message Filtering: Apply filters to selectively process log messages. Learn more about Filters.
• Structured Logging: Generate JSON structured logs. See Structured-Log for details.
• Blocking or Dropping Message Modes: Choose between blocking or dropping message modes in the library. In blocking mode, the hot threads pause and wait when the queue is full until space becomes available, ensuring no message loss but introducing potential latency. In dropping mode, log messages beyond the queue's capacity may be dropped to prioritize low latency. The library provides reports on dropped messages, queue reallocations, and blocked hot threads for monitoring purposes.
• Queue Types: The library supports two types of queues for transferring logs from the hot path to the backend thread: bounded queues with a fixed capacity and unbounded queues that start small and can dynamically grow.
• Wide Character Support: Log messages and filenames with wide characters are supported (Windows and v1.7.x only).
• Ordered Log Statements: Log statements are ordered by timestamp even when produced by different threads, facilitating easier debugging of multithreaded applications.
• Compile-Time Log Level Stripping: Completely strip out log levels at compile time, reducing if branches.
• Clean and Warning-Free Codebase: Ensure a clean and warning-free codebase, even with high compiler warning levels.
• Crash-Safe Behavior: Benefit from crash-safe behavior with a built-in signal handler.
• Type-Safe Python-Style API: Utilize a type-safe API inspired by Python, with compile-time checks and built-in support for logging STL types/containers using the excellent {fmt} library.
• Huge Pages: Benefit from support for huge pages on the hot path. This feature allows for improved performance and efficiency.
• Printf-style format: The library offers support for the printf style format in addition to the existing libfmt style format. This feature is particularly useful when migrating from legacy codebases that rely on the printf style format.

Caveats

Quill may not work well with fork() since it spawns a background thread and fork() doesn't work well with multithreading.

If your application uses fork() and you want to log in the child processes as well, you should call quill::start() after the fork() call. Additionally, you should ensure that you write to different files in the parent and child processes to avoid conflicts.

For example :

#include "quill/Quill.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main()
{
  // DO NOT CALL THIS BEFORE FORK
  // quill::start();

  if (fork() == 0)
  {
    // Get or create a handler to the file - Write to a different file
    std::shared_ptr<quill::Handler> file_handler =
      quill::file_handler("child_log.log", "w", quill::FilenameAppend::DateTime);

    quill::Config cfg;
    cfg.default_handlers.push_back(std::move(file_handler));
    quill::configure(cfg);

    quill::start();

    QUILL_LOG_INFO(quill::get_logger(), "Hello from Child {}", 123);
  }
  else
  {
    // Get or create a handler to the file - Write to a different file
    std::shared_ptr<quill::Handler> file_handler =
      quill::file_handler("parent_log.log", "w", quill::FilenameAppend::DateTime);

    quill::Config cfg;
    cfg.default_handlers.push_back(std::move(file_handler));
    quill::configure(cfg);

    quill::start();

    QUILL_LOG_INFO(quill::get_logger(), "Hello from Parent {}", 123);
  }
}

Performance

Latency

Logging Numbers

The following message is logged 100'000 times for each thread: LOG_INFO(logger, "Logging int: {}, int: {}, double: {}", i, j, d).

The results presented in the tables below are measured in nanoseconds (ns).

1 Thread

Library	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th	99.9th
Quill v3.8 Bounded Queue	7	8	8	9	9	10
Quill v3.8 Unbounded Queue	7	8	8	9	9	11
fmtlog	7	8	9	10	11	12
PlatformLab NanoLog	10	11	12	12	13	13
MS BinLog	19	19	20	22	23	56
Reckless	26	26	26	26	27	28
Iyengar NanoLog	56	62	66	97	129	188
spdlog	146	150	155	160	168	178
g3log	1258	1307	1363	1413	1707	1844

4 Threads

Library	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th	99.9th
Quill v3.8 Bounded Queue	8	9	9	9	10	12
Quill v3.8 Unbounded Queue	8	9	9	10	11	12
fmtlog	8	9	9	9	11	13
PlatformLab NanoLog	12	13	13	13	14	15
MS BinLog	19	19	20	20	24	61
Reckless	27	28	28	28	29	43
Iyengar NanoLog	57	62	100	128	156	221
spdlog	303	330	355	373	437	635
g3log	1351	1405	1461	1504	1769	2095

Logging Numbers and Large Strings

The following message is logged 100'000 times for each thread: LOG_INFO(logger, "Logging int: {}, int: {}, string: {}", i, j, large_string). The large string used in the log message is over 35 characters to prevent the short string optimization of std::string.

1 Thread

Library	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th	99.9th
Quill v3.8 Bounded Queue	9	10	11	12	13	15
Quill v3.8 Unbounded Queue	10	11	12	13	13	15
fmtlog	10	11	12	13	15	16
PlatformLab NanoLog	14	15	15	16	17	19
MS BinLog	20	21	22	23	26	59
Reckless	67	74	76	77	79	82
Iyengar NanoLog	61	65	72	97	127	220
spdlog	122	125	131	136	145	155
g3log	953	987	1019	1041	1090	1377

4 Threads

Library	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th	99.9th
Quill v3.8 Bounded Queue	10	11	12	13	14	16
fmtlog	11	12	13	14	15	17
Quill v3.8 Unbounded Queue	12	13	14	14	16	18
PlatformLab NanoLog	15	16	17	17	19	21
MS BinLog	21	22	23	24	28	63
Reckless	70	76	79	80	83	101
Iyengar NanoLog	58	69	103	133	161	230
spdlog	229	252	275	293	364	575
g3log	1034	1076	1120	1154	1293	1709

The benchmark was conducted on Linux RHEL 9 with an Intel Core i5-12600 at 4.8 GHz. The cpus are isolated on this system and each thread was pinned to a different CPU. GCC 13.1 was used as the compiler.

The benchmark methodology involved logging 20 messages in a loop, calculating and storing the average latency for those 20 messages, then waiting around ~2 milliseconds, and repeating this process for a specified number of iterations.

The benchmark was executed four times for each logging library, and the reported latencies represent the second-best result obtained.

You can find the benchmark code on the logger_benchmarks repository.

Throughput

The maximum throughput is measured by determining the maximum number of log messages the backend logging thread can write to the log file per second.

When measured on the same system as the latency benchmarks mentioned above the average throughput of the backend logging thread is 4.40 million msgs/sec

While the primary focus of the library is not on throughput, it does provide efficient handling of log messages across multiple threads. The backend logging thread, responsible for formatting and ordering log messages from hot threads, ensures that all queues are emptied on a high priority basis. This approach prevents the need for allocating new queues or dropping messages on the hot path. Instead, the backend thread internally buffers the log messages and then writes them later when the hot thread queues are empty or when a predefined limit, backend_thread_transit_events_soft_limit, is reached.

Comparing throughput with other logging libraries in an asynchronous logging scenario has proven challenging. Some libraries may drop log messages, resulting in smaller log files than expected, while others only offer asynchronous flush, making it difficult to determine when the logging thread has finished processing all messages. In contrast, Quill provides a blocking flush() guarantee, ensuring that every log message from the hot threads up to that point is flushed to the file.

For benchmarking purposes, you can find the code here.

Basic usage

#include "quill/Quill.h"

int main()
{
  quill::configure(
    []()
    {
      // See Config.h and Tweaks.h for run time and compile time configuration options
      quill::Config cfg;
      return cfg;
    }());

  // Starts the logging backend thread
  quill::start();

  // Create a file logger
  quill::Logger* logger = quill::create_logger(
    "file_logger",
    quill::file_handler("example.log",
                        []()
                        {
                          quill::FileHandlerConfig cfg;
                          cfg.set_open_mode('w');
                          cfg.set_pattern(
                            "[%(time)] [%(thread)] [%(file_name):%(line_number)] [%(logger)] "
                            "[%(log_level)] - %(message)",
                            "%H:%M:%S.%Qms");
                          return cfg;
                        }()));

  logger->set_log_level(quill::LogLevel::TraceL3);

  // enable a backtrace that will get flushed when we log CRITICAL
  logger->init_backtrace(2u, quill::LogLevel::Critical);

  LOG_BACKTRACE(logger, "Backtrace log {}", 1);
  LOG_BACKTRACE(logger, "Backtrace log {}", 2);

  LOG_INFO(logger, "Welcome to Quill!");
  LOG_ERROR(logger, "An error message. error code {}", 123);
  LOG_WARNING(logger, "A warning message.");
  LOG_CRITICAL(logger, "A critical error.");
  LOG_DEBUG(logger, "Debugging foo {}", 1234);
  LOG_TRACE_L1(logger, "{:>30}", "right aligned");
  LOG_TRACE_L2(logger, "Positional arguments are {1} {0} ", "too", "supported");
  LOG_TRACE_L3(logger, "Support for floats {:03.2f}", 1.23456);
}

#include "quill/Quill.h"

int main()
{
  quill::Config cfg;
  cfg.enable_console_colours = true;
  quill::configure(cfg);
  
  quill::start();

  // Default root logger to stdout
  quill::Logger* logger = quill::get_logger();
  logger->set_log_level(quill::LogLevel::TraceL3);

  // enable a backtrace that will get flushed when we log CRITICAL
  logger->init_backtrace(2u, quill::LogLevel::Critical);

  LOG_BACKTRACE(logger, "Backtrace log {}", 1);
  LOG_BACKTRACE(logger, "Backtrace log {}", 2);

  LOG_INFO(logger, "Welcome to Quill!");
  LOG_ERROR(logger, "An error message. error code {}", 123);
  LOG_WARNING(logger, "A warning message.");
  LOG_CRITICAL(logger, "A critical error.");
  LOG_DEBUG(logger, "Debugging foo {}", 1234);
  LOG_TRACE_L1(logger, "{:>30}", "right aligned");
  LOG_TRACE_L2(logger, "Positional arguments are {1} {0} ", "too", "supported");
  LOG_TRACE_L3(logger, "Support for floats {:03.2f}", 1.23456);
}

Output

CMake-Integration

External

Building and Installing Quill as Static Library

git clone http://github.com/odygrd/quill.git
mkdir cmake_build
cd cmake_build
make install

Note: To install in custom directory invoke cmake with -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/quill/install-dir/

Building and Installing Quill as Static Library With External libfmt

cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/my/fmt/fmt-config.cmake-directory/ -DQUILL_FMT_EXTERNAL=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/quill/install-dir/'

Then use the library from a CMake project, you can locate it directly with find_package()

Directory Structure

my_project/
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── main.cpp

CMakeLists.txt

# Set only if needed - quill was installed under a custom non-standard directory
set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /test_quill/usr/local/)

find_package(quill REQUIRED)

# Linking your project against quill
add_executable(example main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(example PRIVATE quill::quill)

main.cpp

See basic usage

Embedded

To embed the library directly, copy the source folder to your project and call add_subdirectory() in your CMakeLists.txt file

Directory Structure

my_project/
├── quill/            (source folder)
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── main.cpp

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1.0)
project(my_project)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

add_subdirectory(quill)

add_executable(my_project main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(my_project PRIVATE quill::quill)

main.cpp

See basic usage

Building Quill as a Shared Library (DLL) on Windows

To build Quill as a shared library (DLL) on Windows, follow these steps:

1. Add the following CMake flags when configuring the build:

   -DCMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS=TRUE -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
   

2. Additionally, you need to define QUILL_BUILD_SHARED either in your code before including Quill.h or as a compiler flag when building outside of CMake.

Building Quill for Android NDK

To build Quill for Android NDK add the following CMake flags when configuring the build:

-DQUILL_NO_THREAD_NAME_SUPPORT:BOOL=ON

Design

License

Quill is licensed under the MIT License

Quill depends on third party libraries with separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and conditions of the following licenses.

• (MIT License) {fmt} (http://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE.rst)
• (MIT License) doctest (http://github.com/onqtam/doctest/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)