virtualenv.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Create a "virtual" Python installation"""

# fmt: off
import os  # isort:skip
import sys  # isort:skip

# If we are running in a new interpreter to create a virtualenv,
# we do NOT want paths from our existing location interfering with anything,
# So we remove this file's directory from sys.path - most likely to be
# the previous interpreter's site-packages. Solves #705, #763, #779


if os.environ.get("VIRTUALENV_INTERPRETER_RUNNING"):
    for path in sys.path[:]:
        if os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) == os.path.realpath(path):
            sys.path.remove(path)
# fmt: on

import ast
import base64
import codecs
import contextlib
import distutils.spawn
import distutils.sysconfig
import errno
import glob
import logging
import optparse
import os
import re
import shutil
import struct
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import textwrap
import zipfile
import zlib
from distutils.util import strtobool
from os.path import join

try:
    import ConfigParser
except ImportError:
    # noinspection PyPep8Naming
    import configparser as ConfigParser

__version__ = "16.7.7"
virtualenv_version = __version__  # legacy
DEBUG = os.environ.get("_VIRTUALENV_DEBUG", None) == "1"
if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
    print("ERROR: {}".format(sys.exc_info()[1]))
    print("ERROR: this script requires Python 2.7 or greater.")
    sys.exit(101)

HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
IS_ZIPAPP = os.path.isfile(HERE)

try:
    # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences,PyUnboundLocalVariable
    basestring
except NameError:
    basestring = str

VERSION = "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)
PY_VERSION = "python{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)

IS_PYPY = hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info")
IS_WIN = sys.platform == "win32"
IS_CYGWIN = sys.platform == "cygwin"
IS_DARWIN = sys.platform == "darwin"
ABI_FLAGS = getattr(sys, "abiflags", "")

USER_DIR = os.path.expanduser("~")
if IS_WIN:
    DEFAULT_STORAGE_DIR = os.path.join(USER_DIR, "virtualenv")
else:
    DEFAULT_STORAGE_DIR = os.path.join(USER_DIR, ".virtualenv")
DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE = os.path.join(DEFAULT_STORAGE_DIR, "virtualenv.ini")

if IS_PYPY:
    EXPECTED_EXE = "pypy"
else:
    EXPECTED_EXE = "python"

# Return a mapping of version -> Python executable
# Only provided for Windows, where the information in the registry is used
if not IS_WIN:

    def get_installed_pythons():
        return {}


else:
    try:
        import winreg
    except ImportError:
        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
        import _winreg as winreg

    def get_installed_pythons():
        final_exes = dict()

        # Grab exes from 32-bit registry view
        exes = _get_installed_pythons_for_view("-32", winreg.KEY_WOW64_32KEY)
        # Grab exes from 64-bit registry view
        exes_64 = _get_installed_pythons_for_view("-64", winreg.KEY_WOW64_64KEY)
        # Check if exes are unique
        if set(exes.values()) != set(exes_64.values()):
            exes.update(exes_64)

        # Create dict with all versions found
        for version, bitness in sorted(exes):
            exe = exes[(version, bitness)]
            # Add minor version (X.Y-32 or X.Y-64)
            final_exes[version + bitness] = exe
            # Add minor extensionless version (X.Y); 3.2-64 wins over 3.2-32
            final_exes[version] = exe
            # Add major version (X-32 or X-64)
            final_exes[version[0] + bitness] = exe
            # Add major extensionless version (X); 3.3-32 wins over 3.2-64
            final_exes[version[0]] = exe

        return final_exes

    def _get_installed_pythons_for_view(bitness, view):
        exes = dict()
        # If both system and current user installations are found for a
        # particular Python version, the current user one is used
        for key in (winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER):
            try:
                python_core = winreg.OpenKey(key, "Software\\Python\\PythonCore", 0, view | winreg.KEY_READ)
            except WindowsError:
                # No registered Python installations
                continue
            i = 0
            while True:
                try:
                    version = winreg.EnumKey(python_core, i)
                    i += 1
                    try:
                        at_path = winreg.QueryValue(python_core, "{}\\InstallPath".format(version))
                    except WindowsError:
                        continue
                    # Remove bitness from version
                    if version.endswith(bitness):
                        version = version[: -len(bitness)]
                    exes[(version, bitness)] = join(at_path, "python.exe")
                except WindowsError:
                    break
            winreg.CloseKey(python_core)

        return exes


REQUIRED_MODULES = [
    "os",
    "posix",
    "posixpath",
    "nt",
    "ntpath",
    "genericpath",
    "fnmatch",
    "locale",
    "encodings",
    "codecs",
    "stat",
    "UserDict",
    "readline",
    "copy_reg",
    "types",
    "re",
    "sre",
    "sre_parse",
    "sre_constants",
    "sre_compile",
    "zlib",
]

REQUIRED_FILES = ["lib-dynload", "config"]

MAJOR, MINOR = sys.version_info[:2]
if MAJOR == 2:
    if MINOR >= 6:
        REQUIRED_MODULES.extend(["warnings", "linecache", "_abcoll", "abc"])
    if MINOR >= 7:
        REQUIRED_MODULES.extend(["_weakrefset"])
elif MAJOR == 3:
    # Some extra modules are needed for Python 3, but different ones
    # for different versions.
    REQUIRED_MODULES.extend(
        [
            "_abcoll",
            "warnings",
            "linecache",
            "abc",
            "io",
            "_weakrefset",
            "copyreg",
            "tempfile",
            "random",
            "__future__",
            "collections",
            "keyword",
            "tarfile",
            "shutil",
            "struct",
            "copy",
            "tokenize",
            "token",
            "functools",
            "heapq",
            "bisect",
            "weakref",
            "reprlib",
        ]
    )
    if MINOR >= 2:
        REQUIRED_FILES[-1] = "config-{}".format(MAJOR)
    if MINOR >= 3:
        import sysconfig

        platform_dir = sysconfig.get_config_var("PLATDIR")
        REQUIRED_FILES.append(platform_dir)
        REQUIRED_MODULES.extend(["base64", "_dummy_thread", "hashlib", "hmac", "imp", "importlib", "rlcompleter"])
    if MINOR >= 4:
        REQUIRED_MODULES.extend(["operator", "_collections_abc", "_bootlocale"])
    if MINOR >= 6:
        REQUIRED_MODULES.extend(["enum"])

if IS_PYPY:
    # these are needed to correctly display the exceptions that may happen
    # during the bootstrap
    REQUIRED_MODULES.extend(["traceback", "linecache"])

    if MAJOR == 3:
        # _functools is needed to import locale during stdio initialization and
        # needs to be copied on PyPy because it's not built in
        REQUIRED_MODULES.append("_functools")


class Logger(object):

    """
    Logging object for use in command-line script.  Allows ranges of
    levels, to avoid some redundancy of displayed information.
    """

    DEBUG = logging.DEBUG
    INFO = logging.INFO
    NOTIFY = (logging.INFO + logging.WARN) / 2
    WARN = WARNING = logging.WARN
    ERROR = logging.ERROR
    FATAL = logging.FATAL

    LEVELS = [DEBUG, INFO, NOTIFY, WARN, ERROR, FATAL]

    def __init__(self, consumers):
        self.consumers = consumers
        self.indent = 0
        self.in_progress = None
        self.in_progress_hanging = False

    def debug(self, msg, *args, **kw):
        self.log(self.DEBUG, msg, *args, **kw)

    def info(self, msg, *args, **kw):
        self.log(self.INFO, msg, *args, **kw)

    def notify(self, msg, *args, **kw):
        self.log(self.NOTIFY, msg, *args, **kw)

    def warn(self, msg, *args, **kw):
        self.log(self.WARN, msg, *args, **kw)

    def error(self, msg, *args, **kw):
        self.log(self.ERROR, msg, *args, **kw)

    def fatal(self, msg, *args, **kw):
        self.log(self.FATAL, msg, *args, **kw)

    def log(self, level, msg, *args, **kw):
        if args:
            if kw:
                raise TypeError("You may give positional or keyword arguments, not both")
        args = args or kw
        rendered = None
        for consumer_level, consumer in self.consumers:
            if self.level_matches(level, consumer_level):
                if self.in_progress_hanging and consumer in (sys.stdout, sys.stderr):
                    self.in_progress_hanging = False
                    print("")
                    sys.stdout.flush()
                if rendered is None:
                    if args:
                        rendered = msg % args
                    else:
                        rendered = msg
                    rendered = " " * self.indent + rendered
                if hasattr(consumer, "write"):
                    consumer.write(rendered + "\n")
                else:
                    consumer(rendered)

    def start_progress(self, msg):
        assert not self.in_progress, "Tried to start_progress({!r}) while in_progress {!r}".format(
            msg, self.in_progress
        )
        if self.level_matches(self.NOTIFY, self._stdout_level()):
            print(msg)
            sys.stdout.flush()
            self.in_progress_hanging = True
        else:
            self.in_progress_hanging = False
        self.in_progress = msg

    def end_progress(self, msg="done."):
        assert self.in_progress, "Tried to end_progress without start_progress"
        if self.stdout_level_matches(self.NOTIFY):
            if not self.in_progress_hanging:
                # Some message has been printed out since start_progress
                print("...{}{}".format(self.in_progress, msg))
                sys.stdout.flush()
            else:
                print(msg)
                sys.stdout.flush()
        self.in_progress = None
        self.in_progress_hanging = False

    def show_progress(self):
        """If we are in a progress scope, and no log messages have been
        shown, write out another '.'"""
        if self.in_progress_hanging:
            print(".")
            sys.stdout.flush()

    def stdout_level_matches(self, level):
        """Returns true if a message at this level will go to stdout"""
        return self.level_matches(level, self._stdout_level())

    def _stdout_level(self):
        """Returns the level that stdout runs at"""
        for level, consumer in self.consumers:
            if consumer is sys.stdout:
                return level
        return self.FATAL

    @staticmethod
    def level_matches(level, consumer_level):
        """
        >>> l = Logger([])
        >>> l.level_matches(3, 4)
        False
        >>> l.level_matches(3, 2)
        True
        >>> l.level_matches(slice(None, 3), 3)
        False
        >>> l.level_matches(slice(None, 3), 2)
        True
        >>> l.level_matches(slice(1, 3), 1)
        True
        >>> l.level_matches(slice(2, 3), 1)
        False
        """
        if isinstance(level, slice):
            start, stop = level.start, level.stop
            if start is not None and start > consumer_level:
                return False
            if stop is not None and stop <= consumer_level:
                return False
            return True
        else:
            return level >= consumer_level

    @classmethod
    def level_for_integer(cls, level):
        levels = cls.LEVELS
        if level < 0:
            return levels[0]
        if level >= len(levels):
            return levels[-1]
        return levels[level]


# create a silent logger just to prevent this from being undefined
# will be overridden with requested verbosity main() is called.
logger = Logger([(Logger.LEVELS[-1], sys.stdout)])


def mkdir(at_path):
    if not os.path.exists(at_path):
        logger.info("Creating %s", at_path)
        os.makedirs(at_path)
    else:
        logger.info("Directory %s already exists", at_path)


def copy_file_or_folder(src, dest, symlink=True):
    if os.path.isdir(src):
        shutil.copytree(src, dest, symlink)
    else:
        shutil.copy2(src, dest)


def copyfile(src, dest, symlink=True):
    if not os.path.exists(src):
        # Some bad symlink in the src
        logger.warn("Cannot find file %s (bad symlink)", src)
        return
    if os.path.exists(dest):
        logger.debug("File %s already exists", dest)
        return
    if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(dest)):
        logger.info("Creating parent directories for %s", os.path.dirname(dest))
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(dest))
    if symlink and hasattr(os, "symlink") and not IS_WIN:
        logger.info("Symlinking %s", dest)
        try:
            os.symlink(os.path.realpath(src), dest)
        except (OSError, NotImplementedError):
            logger.info("Symlinking failed, copying to %s", dest)
            copy_file_or_folder(src, dest, symlink)
    else:
        logger.info("Copying to %s", dest)
        copy_file_or_folder(src, dest, symlink)


def writefile(dest, content, overwrite=True):
    if not os.path.exists(dest):
        logger.info("Writing %s", dest)
        with open(dest, "wb") as f:
            f.write(content.encode("utf-8"))
        return
    else:
        with open(dest, "rb") as f:
            c = f.read()
        if c != content.encode("utf-8"):
            if not overwrite:
                logger.notify("File %s exists with different content; not overwriting", dest)
                return
            logger.notify("Overwriting %s with new content", dest)
            with open(dest, "wb") as f:
                f.write(content.encode("utf-8"))
        else:
            logger.info("Content %s already in place", dest)


def rm_tree(folder):
    if os.path.exists(folder):
        logger.notify("Deleting tree %s", folder)
        shutil.rmtree(folder)
    else:
        logger.info("Do not need to delete %s; already gone", folder)


def make_exe(fn):
    if hasattr(os, "chmod"):
        old_mode = os.stat(fn).st_mode & 0xFFF  # 0o7777
        new_mode = (old_mode | 0x16D) & 0xFFF  # 0o555, 0o7777
        os.chmod(fn, new_mode)
        logger.info("Changed mode of %s to %s", fn, oct(new_mode))


def _find_file(filename, folders):
    for folder in reversed(folders):
        files = glob.glob(os.path.join(folder, filename))
        if files and os.path.isfile(files[0]):
            return True, files[0]
    return False, filename


@contextlib.contextmanager
def virtualenv_support_dirs():
    """Context manager yielding either [virtualenv_support_dir] or []"""

    # normal filesystem installation
    if os.path.isdir(join(HERE, "virtualenv_support")):
        yield [join(HERE, "virtualenv_support")]
    elif IS_ZIPAPP:
        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        try:
            with zipfile.ZipFile(HERE) as zipf:
                for member in zipf.namelist():
                    if os.path.dirname(member) == "virtualenv_support":
                        zipf.extract(member, tmpdir)
            yield [join(tmpdir, "virtualenv_support")]
        finally:
            shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
    # probably a bootstrap script
    elif os.path.splitext(os.path.dirname(__file__))[0] != "virtualenv":
        try:
            # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
            import virtualenv
        except ImportError:
            yield []
        else:
            yield [join(os.path.dirname(virtualenv.__file__), "virtualenv_support")]
    # we tried!
    else:
        yield []


class UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
    """
    Custom help formatter for use in ConfigOptionParser that updates
    the defaults before expanding them, allowing them to show up correctly
    in the help listing
    """

    def expand_default(self, option):
        if self.parser is not None:
            self.parser.update_defaults(self.parser.defaults)
        return optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter.expand_default(self, option)


class ConfigOptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):
    """
    Custom option parser which updates its defaults by checking the
    configuration files and environmental variables
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
        self.files = self.get_config_files()
        self.config.read(self.files)
        optparse.OptionParser.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

    @staticmethod
    def get_config_files():
        config_file = os.environ.get("VIRTUALENV_CONFIG_FILE", False)
        if config_file and os.path.exists(config_file):
            return [config_file]
        return [DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE]

    def update_defaults(self, defaults):
        """
        Updates the given defaults with values from the config files and
        the environ. Does a little special handling for certain types of
        options (lists).
        """
        # Then go and look for the other sources of configuration:
        config = {}
        # 1. config files
        config.update(dict(self.get_config_section("virtualenv")))
        # 2. environmental variables
        config.update(dict(self.get_environ_vars()))
        # Then set the options with those values
        for key, val in config.items():
            key = key.replace("_", "-")
            if not key.startswith("--"):
                key = "--{}".format(key)  # only prefer long opts
            option = self.get_option(key)
            if option is not None:
                # ignore empty values
                if not val:
                    continue
                # handle multiline configs
                if option.action == "append":
                    val = val.split()
                else:
                    option.nargs = 1
                if option.action == "store_false":
                    val = not strtobool(val)
                elif option.action in ("store_true", "count"):
                    val = strtobool(val)
                try:
                    val = option.convert_value(key, val)
                except optparse.OptionValueError:
                    e = sys.exc_info()[1]
                    print("An error occurred during configuration: {!r}".format(e))
                    sys.exit(3)
                defaults[option.dest] = val
        return defaults

    def get_config_section(self, name):
        """
        Get a section of a configuration
        """
        if self.config.has_section(name):
            return self.config.items(name)
        return []

    def get_environ_vars(self, prefix="VIRTUALENV_"):
        """
        Returns a generator with all environmental vars with prefix VIRTUALENV
        """
        for key, val in os.environ.items():
            if key.startswith(prefix):
                yield (key.replace(prefix, "").lower(), val)

    def get_default_values(self):
        """
        Overriding to make updating the defaults after instantiation of
        the option parser possible, update_defaults() does the dirty work.
        """
        if not self.process_default_values:
            # Old, pre-Optik 1.5 behaviour.
            return optparse.Values(self.defaults)

        defaults = self.update_defaults(self.defaults.copy())  # ours
        for option in self._get_all_options():
            default = defaults.get(option.dest)
            if isinstance(default, basestring):
                opt_str = option.get_opt_string()
                defaults[option.dest] = option.check_value(opt_str, default)
        return optparse.Values(defaults)


def main():
    parser = ConfigOptionParser(
        version=virtualenv_version, usage="%prog [OPTIONS] DEST_DIR", formatter=UpdatingDefaultsHelpFormatter()
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "-v", "--verbose", action="count", dest="verbose", default=5 if DEBUG else 0, help="Increase verbosity."
    )

    parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet", action="count", dest="quiet", default=0, help="Decrease verbosity.")

    parser.add_option(
        "-p",
        "--python",
        dest="python",
        metavar="PYTHON_EXE",
        help="The Python interpreter to use, e.g., --python=python3.5 will use the python3.5 "
        "interpreter to create the new environment.  The default is the interpreter that "
        "virtualenv was installed with ({})".format(sys.executable),
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--clear", dest="clear", action="store_true", help="Clear out the non-root install and start from scratch."
    )

    parser.set_defaults(system_site_packages=False)
    parser.add_option(
        "--no-site-packages",
        dest="system_site_packages",
        action="store_false",
        help="DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility. "
        "Not having access to global site-packages is now the default behavior.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--system-site-packages",
        dest="system_site_packages",
        action="store_true",
        help="Give the virtual environment access to the global site-packages.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--always-copy",
        dest="symlink",
        action="store_false",
        default=True,
        help="Always copy files rather than symlinking.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--relocatable",
        dest="relocatable",
        action="store_true",
        help="Make an EXISTING virtualenv environment relocatable. "
        "This fixes up scripts and makes all .pth files relative.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--no-setuptools",
        dest="no_setuptools",
        action="store_true",
        help="Do not install setuptools in the new virtualenv.",
    )

    parser.add_option("--no-pip", dest="no_pip", action="store_true", help="Do not install pip in the new virtualenv.")

    parser.add_option(
        "--no-wheel", dest="no_wheel", action="store_true", help="Do not install wheel in the new virtualenv."
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--extra-search-dir",
        dest="search_dirs",
        action="append",
        metavar="DIR",
        default=[],
        help="Directory to look for setuptools/pip distributions in. " "This option can be used multiple times.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--download",
        dest="download",
        default=True,
        action="store_true",
        help="Download pre-installed packages from PyPI.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--no-download",
        "--never-download",
        dest="download",
        action="store_false",
        help="Do not download pre-installed packages from PyPI.",
    )

    parser.add_option("--prompt", dest="prompt", help="Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this environment.")

    parser.add_option(
        "--setuptools",
        dest="setuptools",
        action="store_true",
        help="DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility. This option has no effect.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--distribute",
        dest="distribute",
        action="store_true",
        help="DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility. This option has no effect.",
    )

    parser.add_option(
        "--unzip-setuptools",
        action="store_true",
        help="DEPRECATED.  Retained only for backward compatibility. This option has no effect.",
    )

    if "extend_parser" in globals():
        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
        extend_parser(parser)  # noqa: F821

    options, args = parser.parse_args()

    global logger

    if "adjust_options" in globals():
        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
        adjust_options(options, args)  # noqa: F821

    verbosity = options.verbose - options.quiet
    logger = Logger([(Logger.level_for_integer(2 - verbosity), sys.stdout)])

    def should_reinvoke(options):
        """Do we need to reinvoke ourself?"""
        # Did the user specify the --python option?
        if options.python and not os.environ.get("VIRTUALENV_INTERPRETER_RUNNING"):
            interpreter = resolve_interpreter(options.python)
            if interpreter != sys.executable:
                # The user specified a different interpreter, so we have to reinvoke.
                return interpreter

        # At this point, we know the user wants to use sys.executable to create the
        # virtual environment. But on Windows, sys.executable may be a venv redirector,
        # in which case we still need to locate the underlying actual interpreter, and
        # reinvoke using that.
        if IS_WIN:
            # OK. Now things get really fun...
            #
            # If we are running from a venv, with a redirector, then what happens is as
            # follows:
            #
            #   1. The redirector sets __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ in the environment to point
            #      to the redirector executable.
            #   2. The redirector launches the "base" Python (from the home value in
            #      pyvenv.cfg).
            #   3. The base Python executable sees __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ in the environment
            #      and sets sys.executable to that value.
            #   4. If site.py gets run, it sees __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__, and sets
            #      sys._base_executable to _winapi.GetModuleFileName(0) and removes
            #      __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__.
            #
            # Unfortunately, that final step (site.py) may not happen. There are 2 key
            # times when that is the case:
            #
            #   1. Python 3.7.2, which had the redirector but not the site.py code.
            #   2. Running a venv from a virtualenv, which uses virtualenv's custom
            #      site.py.
            #
            # So, we check for sys._base_executable, but if it's not present and yet we
            # have __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__, we do what site.py would have done and get our
            # interpreter from GetModuleFileName(0). We also remove __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__
            # from the environment, to avoid loops (actually, mainly because site.py
            # does so, and my head hurts enough buy now that I just want to be safe!)

            # In Python 3.7.4, the rules changed so that sys._base_executable is always
            # set. So we now only return sys._base_executable if it's set *and does not
            # match sys.executable* (we still have to check that it's set, as we need to
            # support Python 3.7.3 and earlier).

            # Phew.

            if getattr(sys, "_base_executable", sys.executable) != sys.executable:
                return sys._base_executable

            if "__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__" in os.environ:
                import _winapi

                del os.environ["__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__"]
                return _winapi.GetModuleFileName(0)

        # We don't need to reinvoke
        return None

    interpreter = should_reinvoke(options)
    if interpreter is None:
        # We don't need to reinvoke - if the user asked us to, tell them why we
        # aren't.
        if options.python:
            logger.warn("Already using interpreter {}".format(sys.executable))
    else:
        env = os.environ.copy()
        logger.notify("Running virtualenv with interpreter {}".format(interpreter))
        env["VIRTUALENV_INTERPRETER_RUNNING"] = "true"
        # Remove the variable __PYVENV_LAUNCHER__ if it's present, as it causes the
        # interpreter to redirect back to the virtual environment.
        if "__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__" in env:
            del env["__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__"]
        file = __file__
        if file.endswith(".pyc"):
            file = file[:-1]
        elif IS_ZIPAPP:
            file = HERE
        sub_process_call = subprocess.Popen([interpreter, file] + sys.argv[1:], env=env)
        raise SystemExit(sub_process_call.wait())

    if not args:
        print("You must provide a DEST_DIR")
        parser.print_help()
        sys.exit(2)
    if len(args) > 1:
        print("There must be only one argument: DEST_DIR (you gave {})".format(" ".join(args)))
        parser.print_help()
        sys.exit(2)

    home_dir = args[0]

    if os.path.exists(home_dir) and os.path.isfile(home_dir):
        logger.fatal("ERROR: File already exists and is not a directory.")
        logger.fatal("Please provide a different path or delete the file.")
        sys.exit(3)

    if os.pathsep in home_dir:
        logger.fatal("ERROR: target path contains the operating system path separator '{}'".format(os.pathsep))
        logger.fatal("This is not allowed as would make the activation scripts unusable.".format(os.pathsep))
        sys.exit(3)

    if os.environ.get("WORKING_ENV"):
        logger.fatal("ERROR: you cannot run virtualenv while in a working env")
        logger.fatal("Please deactivate your working env, then re-run this script")
        sys.exit(3)

    if "PYTHONHOME" in os.environ:
        logger.warn("PYTHONHOME is set.  You *must* activate the virtualenv before using it")
        del os.environ["PYTHONHOME"]

    if options.relocatable:
        make_environment_relocatable(home_dir)
        return

    with virtualenv_support_dirs() as search_dirs:
        create_environment(
            home_dir,
            site_packages=options.system_site_packages,
            clear=options.clear,
            prompt=options.prompt,
            search_dirs=search_dirs + options.search_dirs,
            download=options.download,
            no_setuptools=options.no_setuptools,
            no_pip=options.no_pip,
            no_wheel=options.no_wheel,
            symlink=options.symlink,
        )
    if "after_install" in globals():
        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
        after_install(options, home_dir)  # noqa: F821


def call_subprocess(
    cmd,
    show_stdout=True,
    filter_stdout=None,
    cwd=None,
    raise_on_return_code=True,
    extra_env=None,
    remove_from_env=None,
    stdin=None,
):
    cmd_parts = []
    for part in cmd:
        if len(part) > 45:
            part = part[:20] + "..." + part[-20:]
        if " " in part or "\n" in part or '"' in part or "'" in part:
            part = '"{}"'.format(part.replace('"', '\\"'))
        if hasattr(part, "decode"):
            try:
                part = part.decode(sys.getdefaultencoding())
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                part = part.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
        cmd_parts.append(part)
    cmd_desc = " ".join(cmd_parts)
    if show_stdout:
        stdout = None
    else:
        stdout = subprocess.PIPE
    logger.debug("Running command {}".format(cmd_desc))
    if extra_env or remove_from_env:
        env = os.environ.copy()
        if extra_env:
            env.update(extra_env)
        if remove_from_env:
            for var_name in remove_from_env:
                env.pop(var_name, None)
    else:
        env = None
    try:
        proc = subprocess.Popen(
            cmd,
            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
            stdin=None if stdin is None else subprocess.PIPE,
            stdout=stdout,
            cwd=cwd,
            env=env,
        )
    except Exception:
        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
        logger.fatal("Error {} while executing command {}".format(e, cmd_desc))
        raise
    all_output = []
    if stdout is not None:
        if stdin is not None:
            with proc.stdin:
                proc.stdin.write(stdin)

        encoding = sys.getdefaultencoding()
        fs_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
        with proc.stdout as stdout:
            while 1:
                line = stdout.readline()
                try:
                    line = line.decode(encoding)
                except UnicodeDecodeError:
                    line = line.decode(fs_encoding)
                if not line:
                    break
                line = line.rstrip()
                all_output.append(line)
                if filter_stdout:
                    level = filter_stdout(line)
                    if isinstance(level, tuple):
                        level, line = level
                    logger.log(level, line)
                    if not logger.stdout_level_matches(level):
                        logger.show_progress()
                else:
                    logger.info(line)
    else:
        proc.communicate(stdin)
    proc.wait()
    if proc.returncode:
        if raise_on_return_code:
            if all_output:
                logger.notify("Complete output from command {}:".format(cmd_desc))
                logger.notify("\n".join(all_output) + "\n----------------------------------------")
            raise OSError("Command {} failed with error code {}".format(cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
        else:
            logger.warn("Command {} had error code {}".format(cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
    return all_output


def filter_install_output(line):
    if line.strip().startswith("running"):
        return Logger.INFO
    return Logger.DEBUG


def find_wheels(projects, search_dirs):
    """Find wheels from which we can import PROJECTS.

    Scan through SEARCH_DIRS for a wheel for each PROJECT in turn. Return
    a list of the first wheel found for each PROJECT
    """

    wheels = []

    # Look through SEARCH_DIRS for the first suitable wheel. Don't bother
    # about version checking here, as this is simply to get something we can
    # then use to install the correct version.
    for project in projects:
        for dirname in search_dirs:
            # This relies on only having "universal" wheels available.
            # The pattern could be tightened to require -py2.py3-none-any.whl.
            files = glob.glob(os.path.join(dirname, "{}-*.whl".format(project)))
            if files:
                versions = sorted(
                    [(tuple(int(i) for i in os.path.basename(f).split("-")[1].split(".")), f) for f in files]
                )
                if project == "pip" and sys.version_info[0:2] == (3, 4):
                    wheel = next(p for v, p in versions if v <= (19, 1, 1))
                else:
                    wheel = versions[0][1]
                wheels.append(wheel)
                break
        else:
            # We're out of luck, so quit with a suitable error
            logger.fatal("Cannot find a wheel for {}".format(project))

    return wheels


def install_wheel(project_names, py_executable, search_dirs=None, download=False):
    if search_dirs is None:
        search_dirs_context = virtualenv_support_dirs
    else:

        @contextlib.contextmanager
        def search_dirs_context():
            yield search_dirs

    with search_dirs_context() as search_dirs:
        _install_wheel_with_search_dir(download, project_names, py_executable, search_dirs)


def _install_wheel_with_search_dir(download, project_names, py_executable, search_dirs):
    wheels = find_wheels(["setuptools", "pip"], search_dirs)
    python_path = os.pathsep.join(wheels)

    # PIP_FIND_LINKS uses space as the path separator and thus cannot have paths
    # with spaces in them. Convert any of those to local file:// URL form.
    try:
        from urlparse import urljoin
        from urllib import pathname2url
    except ImportError:
        from urllib.parse import urljoin
        from urllib.request import pathname2url

    def space_path2url(p):
        if " " not in p:
            return p
        return urljoin("file:", pathname2url(os.path.abspath(p)))

    find_links = " ".join(space_path2url(d) for d in search_dirs)

    extra_args = ["--ignore-installed", "-v"]
    if DEBUG:
        extra_args.append("-v")

    config = _pip_config(py_executable, python_path)
    defined_cert = bool(config.get("install.cert") or config.get(":env:.cert") or config.get("global.cert"))

    script = textwrap.dedent(
        """
        import sys
        import pkgutil
        import tempfile
        import os

        defined_cert = {defined_cert}

        try:
            from pip._internal import main as _main
            if type(_main) is type(sys):  # <type 'module'>
                _main = _main.main  # nested starting in Pip 19.3
            cert_data = pkgutil.get_data("pip._vendor.certifi", "cacert.pem")
        except ImportError:
            from pip import main as _main
            cert_data = pkgutil.get_data("pip._vendor.requests", "cacert.pem")
        except IOError:
            cert_data = None

        if not defined_cert and cert_data is not None:
            cert_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
            cert_file.write(cert_data)
            cert_file.close()
        else:
            cert_file = None

        try:
            args = ["install"] + [{extra_args}]
            if cert_file is not None:
                args += ["--cert", cert_file.name]
            args += sys.argv[1:]

            sys.exit(_main(args))
        finally:
            if cert_file is not None:
                os.remove(cert_file.name)
    """.format(
            defined_cert=defined_cert, extra_args=", ".join(repr(i) for i in extra_args)
        )
    ).encode("utf8")

    if sys.version_info[0:2] == (3, 4) and "pip" in project_names:
        at = project_names.index("pip")
        project_names[at] = "pip<19.2"

    cmd = [py_executable, "-"] + project_names
    logger.start_progress("Installing {}...".format(", ".join(project_names)))
    logger.indent += 2

    env = {
        "PYTHONPATH": python_path,
        "PIP_FIND_LINKS": find_links,
        "PIP_USE_WHEEL": "1",
        "PIP_ONLY_BINARY": ":all:",
        "PIP_USER": "0",
        "PIP_NO_INPUT": "1",
    }

    if not download:
        env["PIP_NO_INDEX"] = "1"

    try:
        call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=script)
    finally:
        logger.indent -= 2
        logger.end_progress()


def _pip_config(py_executable, python_path):
    cmd = [py_executable, "-m", "pip", "config", "list"]
    config = {}
    for line in call_subprocess(
        cmd,
        show_stdout=False,
        extra_env={"PYTHONPATH": python_path},
        remove_from_env=["PIP_VERBOSE", "PIP_QUIET"],
        raise_on_return_code=False,
    ):
        key, _, value = line.partition("=")
        if value:
            config[key] = ast.literal_eval(value)
    return config


def create_environment(
    home_dir,
    site_packages=False,
    clear=False,
    prompt=None,
    search_dirs=None,
    download=False,
    no_setuptools=False,
    no_pip=False,
    no_wheel=False,
    symlink=True,
):
    """
    Creates a new environment in ``home_dir``.

    If ``site_packages`` is true, then the global ``site-packages/``
    directory will be on the path.

    If ``clear`` is true (default False) then the environment will
    first be cleared.
    """
    home_dir, lib_dir, inc_dir, bin_dir = path_locations(home_dir)

    py_executable = os.path.abspath(
        install_python(home_dir, lib_dir, inc_dir, bin_dir, site_packages=site_packages, clear=clear, symlink=symlink)
    )

    install_distutils(home_dir)

    to_install = []

    if not no_setuptools:
        to_install.append("setuptools")

    if not no_pip:
        to_install.append("pip")

    if not no_wheel:
        to_install.append("wheel")

    if to_install:
        install_wheel(to_install, py_executable, search_dirs, download=download)

    install_activate(home_dir, bin_dir, prompt)

    install_python_config(home_dir, bin_dir, prompt)


def is_executable_file(fpath):
    return os.path.isfile(fpath) and is_executable(fpath)


def path_locations(home_dir, dry_run=False):
    """Return the path locations for the environment (where libraries are,
    where scripts go, etc)"""
    home_dir = os.path.abspath(home_dir)
    lib_dir, inc_dir, bin_dir = None, None, None
    # XXX: We'd use distutils.sysconfig.get_python_inc/lib but its
    # prefix arg is broken: http://bugs.python.org/issue3386
    if IS_WIN:
        # Windows has lots of problems with executables with spaces in
        # the name; this function will remove them (using the ~1
        # format):
        if not dry_run:
            mkdir(home_dir)
        if " " in home_dir:
            import ctypes

            get_short_path_name = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW
            size = max(len(home_dir) + 1, 256)
            buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(size)
            try:
                # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
                u = unicode
            except NameError:
                u = str
            ret = get_short_path_name(u(home_dir), buf, size)
            if not ret:
                print('Error: the path "{}" has a space in it'.format(home_dir))
                print("We could not determine the short pathname for it.")
                print("Exiting.")
                sys.exit(3)
            home_dir = str(buf.value)
        lib_dir = join(home_dir, "Lib")
        inc_dir = join(home_dir, "Include")
        bin_dir = join(home_dir, "Scripts")
    if IS_PYPY:
        lib_dir = home_dir
        inc_dir = join(home_dir, "include")
        bin_dir = join(home_dir, "bin")
    elif not IS_WIN:
        lib_dir = join(home_dir, "lib", PY_VERSION)
        inc_dir = join(home_dir, "include", PY_VERSION + ABI_FLAGS)
        bin_dir = join(home_dir, "bin")
    return home_dir, lib_dir, inc_dir, bin_dir


def change_prefix(filename, dst_prefix):
    prefixes = [sys.prefix]

    if IS_DARWIN:
        prefixes.extend(
            (
                os.path.join("/Library/Python", VERSION, "site-packages"),
                os.path.join(sys.prefix, "Extras", "lib", "python"),
                os.path.join("~", "Library", "Python", VERSION, "site-packages"),
                # Python 2.6 no-frameworks
                os.path.join("~", ".local", "lib", "python", VERSION, "site-packages"),
                # System Python 2.7 on OSX Mountain Lion
                os.path.join("~", "Library", "Python", VERSION, "lib", "python", "site-packages"),
            )
        )

    if hasattr(sys, "real_prefix"):
        prefixes.append(sys.real_prefix)
    if hasattr(sys, "base_prefix"):
        prefixes.append(sys.base_prefix)
    prefixes = list(map(os.path.expanduser, prefixes))
    prefixes = list(map(os.path.abspath, prefixes))
    # Check longer prefixes first so we don't split in the middle of a filename
    prefixes = sorted(prefixes, key=len, reverse=True)
    filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
    # On Windows, make sure drive letter is uppercase
    if IS_WIN and filename[0] in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz":
        filename = filename[0].upper() + filename[1:]
    for i, prefix in enumerate(prefixes):
        if IS_WIN and prefix[0] in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz":
            prefixes[i] = prefix[0].upper() + prefix[1:]
    for src_prefix in prefixes:
        if filename.startswith(src_prefix):
            _, relative_path = filename.split(src_prefix, 1)
            if src_prefix != os.sep:  # sys.prefix == "/"
                assert relative_path[0] == os.sep
                relative_path = relative_path[1:]
            return join(dst_prefix, relative_path)
    raise AssertionError("Filename {} does not start with any of these prefixes: {}".format(filename, prefixes))


def find_module_filename(modname):

    if sys.version_info < (3, 4):
        # noinspection PyDeprecation
        import imp

        try:
            file_handler, filepath, _ = imp.find_module(modname)
        except ImportError:
            return None
        else:
            if file_handler is not None:
                file_handler.close()
            return filepath
    else:
        import importlib.util

        if sys.version_info < (3, 5):

            def find_spec(modname):
                # noinspection PyDeprecation
                loader = importlib.find_loader(modname)
                if loader is None:
                    return None
                else:
                    return importlib.util.spec_from_loader(modname, loader)

        else:
            find_spec = importlib.util.find_spec

        spec = find_spec(modname)
        if spec is None:
            return None
        if not os.path.exists(spec.origin):
            # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/2944/origin-for-several-builtin-modules
            # on pypy3, some builtin modules have a bogus build-time file path, ignore them
            return None
        filepath = spec.origin
        # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3147/#file guarantee to be non-cached
        if os.path.basename(filepath) == "__init__.py":
            filepath = os.path.dirname(filepath)
        return filepath


def copy_required_modules(dst_prefix, symlink):
    for modname in REQUIRED_MODULES:
        if modname in sys.builtin_module_names:
            logger.info("Ignoring built-in bootstrap module: %s" % modname)
            continue
        filename = find_module_filename(modname)
        if filename is None:
            logger.info("Cannot import bootstrap module: %s" % modname)
        else:
            # special-case custom readline.so on OS X, but not for pypy:
            if (
                modname == "readline"
                and IS_DARWIN
                and not (IS_PYPY or filename.endswith(join("lib-dynload", "readline.so")))
            ):
                dst_filename = join(dst_prefix, "lib", PY_VERSION, "readline.so")
            elif modname == "readline" and IS_WIN:
                # special-case for Windows, where readline is not a standard module, though it may have been installed
                # in site-packages by a third-party package
                dst_filename = None
            else:
                dst_filename = change_prefix(filename, dst_prefix)
            if dst_filename is not None:
                copyfile(filename, dst_filename, symlink)
            if filename.endswith(".pyc"):
                py_file = filename[:-1]
                if os.path.exists(py_file):
                    copyfile(py_file, dst_filename[:-1], symlink)


def copy_required_files(src_dir, lib_dir, symlink):
    if not os.path.isdir(src_dir):
        return
    for fn in os.listdir(src_dir):
        bn = os.path.splitext(fn)[0]
        if fn != "site-packages" and bn in REQUIRED_FILES:
            copyfile(join(src_dir, fn), join(lib_dir, fn), symlink)


def copy_license(prefix, dst_prefix, lib_dir, symlink):
    """Copy the license file so `license()` builtin works"""
    lib64_dir = lib_dir.replace("lib", "lib64")
    for license_path in (
        # posix cpython
        os.path.join(prefix, os.path.relpath(lib_dir, dst_prefix), "LICENSE.txt"),
        # posix cpython installed in /usr/lib64
        os.path.join(prefix, os.path.relpath(lib64_dir, dst_prefix), "LICENSE.txt"),
        # windows cpython
        os.path.join(prefix, "LICENSE.txt"),
        # pypy
        os.path.join(prefix, "LICENSE"),
    ):
        if os.path.exists(license_path):
            dest = subst_path(license_path, prefix, dst_prefix)
            copyfile(license_path, dest, symlink)
            return
    logger.warn("No LICENSE.txt / LICENSE found in source")


def copy_include_dir(include_src, include_dest, symlink):
    """Copy headers from *include_src* to *include_dest* symlinking if required"""
    if not os.path.isdir(include_src):
        return
    # PyPy headers are located in ``pypy-dir/include`` and following code
    # avoids making ``venv-dir/include`` symlink to it
    if IS_PYPY:
        for fn in os.listdir(include_src):
            copyfile(join(include_src, fn), join(include_dest, fn), symlink)
    else:
        copyfile(include_src, include_dest, symlink)


def copy_tcltk(src, dest, symlink):
    """ copy tcl/tk libraries on Windows (issue #93) """
    for lib_version in "8.5", "8.6":
        for libname in "tcl", "tk":
            src_dir = join(src, "tcl", libname + lib_version)
            dest_dir = join(dest, "tcl", libname + lib_version)
            # Only copy the dirs from the above combinations that exist
            if os.path.exists(src_dir) and not os.path.exists(dest_dir):
                copy_file_or_folder(src_dir, dest_dir, symlink)


def subst_path(prefix_path, prefix, home_dir):
    prefix_path = os.path.normpath(prefix_path)
    prefix = os.path.normpath(prefix)
    home_dir = os.path.normpath(home_dir)
    if not prefix_path.startswith(prefix):
        logger.warn("Path not in prefix %r %r", prefix_path, prefix)
        return
    return prefix_path.replace(prefix, home_dir, 1)


def install_python(home_dir, lib_dir, inc_dir, bin_dir, site_packages, clear, symlink=True):
    """Install just the base environment, no distutils patches etc"""
    if sys.executable.startswith(bin_dir):
        print("Please use the *system* python to run this script")
        return

    if clear:
        rm_tree(lib_dir)
        # FIXME: why not delete it?
        # Maybe it should delete everything with #!/path/to/venv/python in it
        logger.notify("Not deleting %s", bin_dir)

    if hasattr(sys, "real_prefix"):
        logger.notify("Using real prefix %r", sys.real_prefix)
        prefix = sys.real_prefix
    elif hasattr(sys, "base_prefix"):
        logger.notify("Using base prefix %r", sys.base_prefix)
        prefix = sys.base_prefix
    else:
        prefix = sys.prefix
    prefix = os.path.abspath(prefix)
    mkdir(lib_dir)
    fix_lib64(lib_dir, symlink)
    stdlib_dirs = [os.path.dirname(os.__file__)]
    if IS_WIN:
        stdlib_dirs.append(join(os.path.dirname(stdlib_dirs[0]), "DLLs"))
    elif IS_DARWIN:
        stdlib_dirs.append(join(stdlib_dirs[0], "site-packages"))
    if hasattr(os, "symlink"):
        logger.info("Symlinking Python bootstrap modules")
    else:
        logger.info("Copying Python bootstrap modules")
    logger.indent += 2
    try:
        # copy required files...
        for stdlib_dir in stdlib_dirs:
            copy_required_files(stdlib_dir, lib_dir, symlink)
        # ...and modules
        copy_required_modules(home_dir, symlink)
        copy_license(prefix, home_dir, lib_dir, symlink)
    finally:
        logger.indent -= 2
    # ...copy tcl/tk
    if IS_WIN:
        copy_tcltk(prefix, home_dir, symlink)
    mkdir(join(lib_dir, "site-packages"))
    import site

    site_filename = site.__file__
    if site_filename.endswith(".pyc") or site_filename.endswith(".pyo"):
        site_filename = site_filename[:-1]
    elif site_filename.endswith("$py.class"):
        site_filename = site_filename.replace("$py.class", ".py")
    site_filename_dst = change_prefix(site_filename, home_dir)
    site_dir = os.path.dirname(site_filename_dst)
    writefile(site_filename_dst, SITE_PY)
    writefile(join(site_dir, "orig-prefix.txt"), prefix)
    site_packages_filename = join(site_dir, "no-global-site-packages.txt")
    if not site_packages:
        writefile(site_packages_filename, "")

    if IS_PYPY or IS_WIN:
        standard_lib_include_dir = join(prefix, "include")
    else:
        standard_lib_include_dir = join(prefix, "include", PY_VERSION + ABI_FLAGS)
    if os.path.exists(standard_lib_include_dir):
        copy_include_dir(standard_lib_include_dir, inc_dir, symlink)
    else:
        logger.debug("No include dir %s", standard_lib_include_dir)

    platform_include_dir = distutils.sysconfig.get_python_inc(plat_specific=1)
    if platform_include_dir != standard_lib_include_dir:
        platform_include_dest = distutils.sysconfig.get_python_inc(plat_specific=1, prefix=home_dir)
        if platform_include_dir == platform_include_dest:
            # Do platinc_dest manually due to a CPython bug;
            # not http://bugs.python.org/issue3386 but a close cousin
            platform_include_dest = subst_path(platform_include_dir, prefix, home_dir)
        if platform_include_dest:
            # PyPy's stdinc_dir and prefix are relative to the original binary
            # (traversing virtualenvs), whereas the platinc_dir is relative to
            # the inner virtualenv and ignores the prefix argument.
            # This seems more evolved than designed.
            copy_include_dir(platform_include_dir, platform_include_dest, symlink)

    # pypy never uses exec_prefix, just ignore it
    if os.path.realpath(sys.exec_prefix) != os.path.realpath(prefix) and not IS_PYPY:
        if IS_WIN:
            exec_dir = join(sys.exec_prefix, "lib")
        else:
            exec_dir = join(sys.exec_prefix, "lib", PY_VERSION)
        copy_required_files(exec_dir, lib_dir, symlink)

    mkdir(bin_dir)
    py_executable = join(bin_dir, os.path.basename(sys.executable))
    if "Python.framework" in prefix or "Python3.framework" in prefix:
        # OS X framework builds cause validation to break
        # https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/322
        if os.environ.get("__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__"):
            del os.environ["__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__"]
        if re.search(r"/Python(?:-32|-64)*$", py_executable):
            # The name of the python executable is not quite what
            # we want, rename it.
            py_executable = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(py_executable), "python")

    logger.notify("New %s executable in %s", EXPECTED_EXE, py_executable)
    pc_build_dir = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
    pyd_pth = os.path.join(lib_dir, "site-packages", "virtualenv_builddir_pyd.pth")
    if IS_WIN and os.path.exists(os.path.join(pc_build_dir, "build.bat")):
        logger.notify("Detected python running from build directory %s", pc_build_dir)
        logger.notify("Writing .pth file linking to build directory for *.pyd files")
        writefile(pyd_pth, pc_build_dir)
    else:
        if os.path.exists(pyd_pth):
            logger.info("Deleting %s (not Windows env or not build directory python)", pyd_pth)
            os.unlink(pyd_pth)

    if sys.executable != py_executable:
        # FIXME: could I just hard link?
        executable = sys.executable
        shutil.copyfile(executable, py_executable)
        make_exe(py_executable)
        if IS_WIN or IS_CYGWIN:
            python_w = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), "pythonw.exe")
            if os.path.exists(python_w):
                logger.info("Also created pythonw.exe")
                shutil.copyfile(python_w, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(py_executable), "pythonw.exe"))
            python_d = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), "python_d.exe")
            python_d_dest = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(py_executable), "python_d.exe")
            if os.path.exists(python_d):
                logger.info("Also created python_d.exe")
                shutil.copyfile(python_d, python_d_dest)
            elif os.path.exists(python_d_dest):
                logger.info("Removed python_d.exe as it is no longer at the source")
                os.unlink(python_d_dest)

            # we need to copy the DLL to enforce that windows will load the correct one.
            # may not exist if we are cygwin.
            if IS_PYPY:
                py_executable_dll_s = [("libpypy-c.dll", "libpypy_d-c.dll")]
            else:
                py_executable_dll_s = [
                    ("python{}.dll".format(sys.version_info[0]), "python{}_d.dll".format(sys.version_info[0])),
                    (
                        "python{}{}.dll".format(sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]),
                        "python{}{}_d.dll".format(sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]),
                    ),
                ]

            for py_executable_dll, py_executable_dll_d in py_executable_dll_s:
                python_dll = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), py_executable_dll)
                python_dll_d = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), py_executable_dll_d)
                python_dll_d_dest = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(py_executable), py_executable_dll_d)
                if os.path.exists(python_dll):
                    logger.info("Also created %s", py_executable_dll)
                    shutil.copyfile(python_dll, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(py_executable), py_executable_dll))
                if os.path.exists(python_dll_d):
                    logger.info("Also created %s", py_executable_dll_d)
                    shutil.copyfile(python_dll_d, python_dll_d_dest)
                elif os.path.exists(python_dll_d_dest):
                    logger.info("Removed %s as the source does not exist", python_dll_d_dest)
                    os.unlink(python_dll_d_dest)
        if IS_PYPY:
            # make a symlink python --> pypy-c
            python_executable = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(py_executable), "python")
            if IS_WIN or IS_CYGWIN:
                python_executable += ".exe"
            logger.info("Also created executable %s", python_executable)
            copyfile(py_executable, python_executable, symlink)

            if IS_WIN:
                for name in ["libexpat.dll", "libeay32.dll", "ssleay32.dll", "sqlite3.dll", "tcl85.dll", "tk85.dll"]:
                    src = join(prefix, name)
                    if os.path.exists(src):
                        copyfile(src, join(bin_dir, name), symlink)

                for d in sys.path:
                    if d.endswith("lib_pypy"):
                        break
                else:
                    logger.fatal("Could not find lib_pypy in sys.path")
                    raise SystemExit(3)
                logger.info("Copying lib_pypy")
                copyfile(d, os.path.join(home_dir, "lib_pypy"), symlink)

    if os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(py_executable))[0] != EXPECTED_EXE:
        secondary_exe = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(py_executable), EXPECTED_EXE)
        py_executable_ext = os.path.splitext(py_executable)[1]
        if py_executable_ext.lower() == ".exe":
            # python2.4 gives an extension of '.4' :P
            secondary_exe += py_executable_ext
        if os.path.exists(secondary_exe):
            logger.warn(
                "Not overwriting existing {} script {} (you must use {})".format(
                    EXPECTED_EXE, secondary_exe, py_executable
                )
            )
        else:
            logger.notify("Also creating executable in %s", secondary_exe)
            shutil.copyfile(sys.executable, secondary_exe)
            make_exe(secondary_exe)

    if ".framework" in prefix:
        original_python = None
        if "Python.framework" in prefix or "Python3.framework" in prefix:
            logger.debug("MacOSX Python framework detected")
            # Make sure we use the embedded interpreter inside
            # the framework, even if sys.executable points to
            # the stub executable in ${sys.prefix}/bin
            # See http://groups.google.com/group/python-virtualenv/
            #                              browse_thread/thread/17cab2f85da75951
            original_python = os.path.join(prefix, "Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python")
        if "EPD" in prefix:
            logger.debug("EPD framework detected")
            original_python = os.path.join(prefix, "bin/python")
        shutil.copy(original_python, py_executable)

        # Copy the framework's dylib into the virtual
        # environment
        virtual_lib = os.path.join(home_dir, ".Python")

        if os.path.exists(virtual_lib):
            os.unlink(virtual_lib)
        lib_name = "Python3" if "Python3.framework" in prefix else "Python"
        copyfile(os.path.join(prefix, lib_name), virtual_lib, symlink)

        # And then change the install_name of the copied python executable
        search = (
            "@executable_path/../../../../Python3" if "Python3.framework" in prefix else os.path.join(prefix, lib_name)
        )
        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            mach_o_change(py_executable, search, "@executable_path/../.Python")
        except Exception:
            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
            logger.warn("Could not call mach_o_change: %s. " "Trying to call install_name_tool instead.", e)
            try:
                call_subprocess(["install_name_tool", "-change", search, "@executable_path/../.Python", py_executable])
            except Exception:
                logger.fatal("Could not call install_name_tool -- you must " "have Apple's development tools installed")
                raise

    if not IS_WIN:
        # Ensure that 'python', 'pythonX' and 'pythonX.Y' all exist
        py_exe_version_major = "python{}".format(sys.version_info[0])
        py_exe_version_major_minor = "python{}.{}".format(sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])
        py_exe_no_version = "python"
        required_symlinks = [py_exe_no_version, py_exe_version_major, py_exe_version_major_minor]

        py_executable_base = os.path.basename(py_executable)

        if py_executable_base in required_symlinks:
            # Don't try to symlink to yourself.
            required_symlinks.remove(py_executable_base)

        for pth in required_symlinks:
            full_pth = join(bin_dir, pth)
            if os.path.exists(full_pth):
                os.unlink(full_pth)
            if symlink:
                os.symlink(py_executable_base, full_pth)
            else:
                copyfile(py_executable, full_pth, symlink)

    cmd = [
        py_executable,
        "-c",
        "import sys;out=sys.stdout;" 'getattr(out, "buffer", out).write(sys.prefix.encode("utf-8"))',
    ]
    logger.info('Testing executable with %s %s "%s"', *cmd)
    try:
        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        proc_stdout, proc_stderr = proc.communicate()
    except OSError:
        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
        if e.errno == errno.EACCES:
            logger.fatal("ERROR: The executable {} could not be run: {}".format(py_executable, e))
            sys.exit(100)
        else:
            raise e

    proc_stdout = proc_stdout.strip().decode("utf-8")
    # normalize paths using realpath to ensure that a virtualenv correctly identifies itself even
    # when addressed over a symlink
    proc_stdout = os.path.normcase(os.path.realpath(proc_stdout))
    norm_home_dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.realpath(home_dir))
    if hasattr(norm_home_dir, "decode"):
        norm_home_dir = norm_home_dir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
    if proc_stdout != norm_home_dir:
        logger.fatal("ERROR: The executable %s is not functioning", py_executable)
        logger.fatal("ERROR: It thinks sys.prefix is {!r} (should be {!r})".format(proc_stdout, norm_home_dir))
        logger.fatal("ERROR: virtualenv is not compatible with this system or executable")
        if IS_WIN:
            logger.fatal(
                "Note: some Windows users have reported this error when they "
                'installed Python for "Only this user" or have multiple '
                "versions of Python installed. Copying the appropriate "
                "PythonXX.dll to the virtualenv Scripts/ directory may fix "
                "this problem."
            )
        sys.exit(100)
    else:
        logger.info("Got sys.prefix result: %r", proc_stdout)

    pydistutils = os.path.expanduser("~/.pydistutils.cfg")
    if os.path.exists(pydistutils):
        logger.notify("Please make sure you remove any previous custom paths from " "your %s file.", pydistutils)
    # FIXME: really this should be calculated earlier

    fix_local_scheme(home_dir, symlink)

    if site_packages:
        if os.path.exists(site_packages_filename):
            logger.info("Deleting %s", site_packages_filename)
            os.unlink(site_packages_filename)

    return py_executable


def install_activate(home_dir, bin_dir, prompt=None):
    if IS_WIN:
        files = {"activate.bat": ACTIVATE_BAT, "deactivate.bat": DEACTIVATE_BAT, "activate.ps1": ACTIVATE_PS}

        # MSYS needs paths of the form /c/path/to/file
        drive, tail = os.path.splitdrive(home_dir.replace(os.sep, "/"))
        home_dir_msys = (drive and "/{}{}" or "{}{}").format(drive[:1], tail)

        # Run-time conditional enables (basic) Cygwin compatibility
        home_dir_sh = """$(if [ "$OSTYPE" "==" "cygwin" ]; then cygpath -u '{}'; else echo '{}'; fi;)""".format(
            home_dir, home_dir_msys
        )
        files["activate"] = ACTIVATE_SH.replace("__VIRTUAL_ENV__", home_dir_sh)

    else:
        files = {
            "activate": ACTIVATE_SH,
            "activate.fish": ACTIVATE_FISH,
            "activate.csh": ACTIVATE_CSH,
            "activate.ps1": ACTIVATE_PS,
        }
    files["activate_this.py"] = ACTIVATE_THIS

    if sys.version_info >= (3, 4):
        # Add xonsh support
        files["activate.xsh"] = ACTIVATE_XSH

    install_files(home_dir, bin_dir, prompt, files)


def install_files(home_dir, bin_dir, prompt, files):
    if hasattr(home_dir, "decode"):
        home_dir = home_dir.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
    virtualenv_name = os.path.basename(home_dir)
    for name, content in files.items():
        content = content.replace("__VIRTUAL_PROMPT__", prompt or "")
        content = content.replace("__VIRTUAL_WINPROMPT__", prompt or "({}) ".format(virtualenv_name))
        content = content.replace("__VIRTUAL_ENV__", home_dir)
        content = content.replace("__VIRTUAL_NAME__", virtualenv_name)
        content = content.replace("__BIN_NAME__", os.path.basename(bin_dir))
        content = content.replace("__PATH_SEP__", os.pathsep)
        writefile(os.path.join(bin_dir, name), content)


def install_python_config(home_dir, bin_dir, prompt=None):
    if IS_WIN:
        files = {}
    else:
        files = {"python-config": PYTHON_CONFIG}
    install_files(home_dir, bin_dir, prompt, files)
    for name, _ in files.items():
        make_exe(os.path.join(bin_dir, name))


def install_distutils(home_dir):
    distutils_path = change_prefix(distutils.__path__[0], home_dir)
    mkdir(distutils_path)
    # FIXME: maybe this prefix setting should only be put in place if
    # there's a local distutils.cfg with a prefix setting?
    # FIXME: this is breaking things, removing for now:
    # distutils_cfg = DISTUTILS_CFG + "\n[install]\nprefix=%s\n" home_dir
    writefile(os.path.join(distutils_path, "__init__.py"), DISTUTILS_INIT)
    writefile(os.path.join(distutils_path, "distutils.cfg"), DISTUTILS_CFG, overwrite=False)


def fix_local_scheme(home_dir, symlink=True):
    """
    Platforms that use the "posix_local" install scheme (like Ubuntu with
    Python 2.7) need to be given an additional "local" location, sigh.
    """
    try:
        import sysconfig
    except ImportError:
        pass
    else:
        # noinspection PyProtectedMember
        if sysconfig._get_default_scheme() == "posix_local":
            local_path = os.path.join(home_dir, "local")
            if not os.path.exists(local_path):
                os.mkdir(local_path)
                for subdir_name in os.listdir(home_dir):
                    if subdir_name == "local":
                        continue
                    copyfile(
                        os.path.abspath(os.path.join(home_dir, subdir_name)),
                        os.path.join(local_path, subdir_name),
                        symlink,
                    )


def fix_lib64(lib_dir, symlink=True):
    """
    Some platforms (particularly Gentoo on x64) put things in lib64/pythonX.Y
    instead of lib/pythonX.Y.  If this is such a platform we'll just create a
    symlink so lib64 points to lib
    """
    # PyPy's library path scheme is not affected by this.
    # Return early or we will die on the following assert.
    if IS_PYPY:
        logger.debug("PyPy detected, skipping lib64 symlinking")
        return
    # Check we have a lib64 library path
    if not [p for p in distutils.sysconfig.get_config_vars().values() if isinstance(p, basestring) and "lib64" in p]:
        return

    logger.debug("This system uses lib64; symlinking lib64 to lib")

    assert os.path.basename(lib_dir) == PY_VERSION, "Unexpected python lib dir: {!r}".format(lib_dir)
    lib_parent = os.path.dirname(lib_dir)
    top_level = os.path.dirname(lib_parent)
    lib_dir = os.path.join(top_level, "lib")
    lib64_link = os.path.join(top_level, "lib64")
    assert os.path.basename(lib_parent) == "lib", "Unexpected parent dir: {!r}".format(lib_parent)
    if os.path.lexists(lib64_link):
        return
    if symlink:
        os.symlink("lib", lib64_link)
    else:
        copyfile(lib_dir, lib64_link, symlink=False)


def resolve_interpreter(exe):
    """
    If the executable given isn't an absolute path, search $PATH for the interpreter
    """
    # If the "executable" is a version number, get the installed executable for
    # that version
    orig_exe = exe
    python_versions = get_installed_pythons()
    if exe in python_versions:
        exe = python_versions[exe]

    if os.path.abspath(exe) != exe:
        exe = distutils.spawn.find_executable(exe) or exe
    if not os.path.exists(exe):
        logger.fatal("The path {} (from --python={}) does not exist".format(exe, orig_exe))
        raise SystemExit(3)
    if not is_executable(exe):
        logger.fatal("The path {} (from --python={}) is not an executable file".format(exe, orig_exe))
        raise SystemExit(3)
    return exe


def is_executable(exe):
    """Checks a file is executable"""
    return os.path.isfile(exe) and os.access(exe, os.X_OK)


# Relocating the environment:
def make_environment_relocatable(home_dir):
    """
    Makes the already-existing environment use relative paths, and takes out
    the #!-based environment selection in scripts.
    """
    home_dir, lib_dir, inc_dir, bin_dir = path_locations(home_dir)
    activate_this = os.path.join(bin_dir, "activate_this.py")
    if not os.path.exists(activate_this):
        logger.fatal(
            "The environment doesn't have a file %s -- please re-run virtualenv " "on this environment to update it",
            activate_this,
        )
    fixup_scripts(home_dir, bin_dir)
    fixup_pth_and_egg_link(home_dir)
    # FIXME: need to fix up distutils.cfg


OK_ABS_SCRIPTS = [
    "python",
    PY_VERSION,
    "activate",
    "activate.bat",
    "activate_this.py",
    "activate.fish",
    "activate.csh",
    "activate.xsh",
]


def fixup_scripts(_, bin_dir):
    if IS_WIN:
        new_shebang_args = ("{} /c".format(os.path.normcase(os.environ.get("COMSPEC", "cmd.exe"))), "", ".exe")
    else:
        new_shebang_args = ("/usr/bin/env", VERSION, "")

    # This is what we expect at the top of scripts:
    shebang = "#!{}".format(
        os.path.normcase(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(bin_dir), "python{}".format(new_shebang_args[2])))
    )
    # This is what we'll put:
    new_shebang = "#!{} python{}{}".format(*new_shebang_args)

    for filename in os.listdir(bin_dir):
        filename = os.path.join(bin_dir, filename)
        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
            # ignore child directories, e.g. .svn ones.
            continue
        with open(filename, "rb") as f:
            try:
                lines = f.read().decode("utf-8").splitlines()
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                # This is probably a binary program instead
                # of a script, so just ignore it.
                continue
        if not lines:
            logger.warn("Script %s is an empty file", filename)
            continue

        old_shebang = lines[0].strip()
        old_shebang = old_shebang[0:2] + os.path.normcase(old_shebang[2:])

        if not old_shebang.startswith(shebang):
            if os.path.basename(filename) in OK_ABS_SCRIPTS:
                logger.debug("Cannot make script %s relative", filename)
            elif lines[0].strip() == new_shebang:
                logger.info("Script %s has already been made relative", filename)
            else:
                logger.warn(
                    "Script %s cannot be made relative (it's not a normal script that starts with %s)",
                    filename,
                    shebang,
                )
            continue
        logger.notify("Making script %s relative", filename)
        script = relative_script([new_shebang] + lines[1:])
        with open(filename, "wb") as f:
            f.write("\n".join(script).encode("utf-8"))


def relative_script(lines):
    """Return a script that'll work in a relocatable environment."""
    activate = (
        "import os; "
        "activate_this=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'activate_this.py'); "
        "exec(compile(open(activate_this).read(), activate_this, 'exec'), { '__file__': activate_this}); "
        "del os, activate_this"
    )
    # Find the last future statement in the script. If we insert the activation
    # line before a future statement, Python will raise a SyntaxError.
    activate_at = None
    for idx, line in reversed(list(enumerate(lines))):
        if line.split()[:3] == ["from", "__future__", "import"]:
            activate_at = idx + 1
            break
    if activate_at is None:
        # Activate after the shebang.
        activate_at = 1
    return lines[:activate_at] + ["", activate, ""] + lines[activate_at:]


def fixup_pth_and_egg_link(home_dir, sys_path=None):
    """Makes .pth and .egg-link files use relative paths"""
    home_dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(home_dir))
    if sys_path is None:
        sys_path = sys.path
    for a_path in sys_path:
        if not a_path:
            a_path = "."
        if not os.path.isdir(a_path):
            continue
        a_path = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(a_path))
        if not a_path.startswith(home_dir):
            logger.debug("Skipping system (non-environment) directory %s", a_path)
            continue
        for filename in os.listdir(a_path):
            filename = os.path.join(a_path, filename)
            if filename.endswith(".pth"):
                if not os.access(filename, os.W_OK):
                    logger.warn("Cannot write .pth file %s, skipping", filename)
                else:
                    fixup_pth_file(filename)
            if filename.endswith(".egg-link"):
                if not os.access(filename, os.W_OK):
                    logger.warn("Cannot write .egg-link file %s, skipping", filename)
                else:
                    fixup_egg_link(filename)


def fixup_pth_file(filename):
    lines = []
    with open(filename) as f:
        prev_lines = f.readlines()
    for line in prev_lines:
        line = line.strip()
        if not line or line.startswith("#") or line.startswith("import ") or os.path.abspath(line) != line:
            lines.append(line)
        else:
            new_value = make_relative_path(filename, line)
            if line != new_value:
                logger.debug("Rewriting path {} as {} (in {})".format(line, new_value, filename))
            lines.append(new_value)
    if lines == prev_lines:
        logger.info("No changes to .pth file %s", filename)
        return
    logger.notify("Making paths in .pth file %s relative", filename)
    with open(filename, "w") as f:
        f.write("\n".join(lines) + "\n")


def fixup_egg_link(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        link = f.readline().strip()
    if os.path.abspath(link) != link:
        logger.debug("Link in %s already relative", filename)
        return
    new_link = make_relative_path(filename, link)
    logger.notify("Rewriting link {} in {} as {}".format(link, filename, new_link))
    with open(filename, "w") as f:
        f.write(new_link)


def make_relative_path(source, dest, dest_is_directory=True):
    """
    Make a filename relative, where the filename is dest, and it is
    being referred to from the filename source.

        >>> make_relative_path('/usr/share/something/a-file.pth',
        ...                    '/usr/share/another-place/src/Directory')
        '../another-place/src/Directory'
        >>> make_relative_path('/usr/share/something/a-file.pth',
        ...                    '/home/user/src/Directory')
        '../../../home/user/src/Directory'
        >>> make_relative_path('/usr/share/a-file.pth', '/usr/share/')
        './'
    """
    source = os.path.dirname(source)
    if not dest_is_directory:
        dest_filename = os.path.basename(dest)
        dest = os.path.dirname(dest)
    else:
        dest_filename = None
    dest = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(dest))
    source = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(source))
    dest_parts = dest.strip(os.path.sep).split(os.path.sep)
    source_parts = source.strip(os.path.sep).split(os.path.sep)
    while dest_parts and source_parts and dest_parts[0] == source_parts[0]:
        dest_parts.pop(0)
        source_parts.pop(0)
    full_parts = [".."] * len(source_parts) + dest_parts
    if not dest_is_directory and dest_filename is not None:
        full_parts.append(dest_filename)
    if not full_parts:
        # Special case for the current directory (otherwise it'd be '')
        return "./"
    return os.path.sep.join(full_parts)


FILE_PATH = __file__ if os.path.isabs(__file__) else os.path.join(os.getcwd(), __file__)


# Bootstrap script creation:
def create_bootstrap_script(extra_text, python_version=""):
    """
    Creates a bootstrap script, which is like this script but with
    extend_parser, adjust_options, and after_install hooks.

    This returns a string that (written to disk of course) can be used
    as a bootstrap script with your own customizations.  The script
    will be the standard virtualenv.py script, with your extra text
    added (your extra text should be Python code).

    If you include these functions, they will be called:

    ``extend_parser(optparse_parser)``:
        You can add or remove options from the parser here.

    ``adjust_options(options, args)``:
        You can change options here, or change the args (if you accept
        different kinds of arguments, be sure you modify ``args`` so it is
        only ``[DEST_DIR]``).

    ``after_install(options, home_dir)``:

        After everything is installed, this function is called.  This
        is probably the function you are most likely to use.  An
        example would be::

            def after_install(options, home_dir):
                subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'easy_install'),
                                 'MyPackage'])
                subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'my-package-script'),
                                 'setup', home_dir])

        This example immediately installs a package, and runs a setup
        script from that package.

    If you provide something like ``python_version='2.5'`` then the
    script will start with ``#!/usr/bin/env python2.5`` instead of
    ``#!/usr/bin/env python``.  You can use this when the script must
    be run with a particular Python version.
    """
    filename = FILE_PATH
    if filename.endswith(".pyc"):
        filename = filename[:-1]
    with codecs.open(filename, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        content = f.read()
    py_exe = "python{}".format(python_version)
    content = "#!/usr/bin/env {}\n# WARNING: This file is generated\n{}".format(py_exe, content)
    # we build the string as two, to avoid replacing here, but yes further done
    return content.replace("# EXTEND - " "bootstrap here", extra_text)


# EXTEND - bootstrap here


def convert(s):
    b = base64.b64decode(s.encode("ascii"))
    return zlib.decompress(b).decode("utf-8")


# file site.py
SITE_PY = convert(
    """
eJy1PWtz2za23/krsPRkLLkynThtb9epe8dJnNZz3SQbp7O5m/pqKRGSuKZIlg/L2kz2t9/zAECAD
9nZdjUdVyKBg4OD88YB4vv+WZ7LNBLrLKoTKUoZFvOVyMNqVYpFVohqFRfRYR4W1Raezm/CpSxFlY
lyWwbYKvC8g9/58Q7E+1VcahTgW1hX2Tqs4nmYJFsRr/OsqGQkorqI06WI07iKwyT+J7TI0kAc/H4
MvItUwMyTWBbiVhYlwC1FthBvt9UqS8WoznHOT4JvwqfjiSjnRZxX0KBQOANFVmHlpVJGgCa0rEsg
ZVzJwzKX83gRz03DTVYnkciTcC7F3//OU6Om+/tema3lZiULKVJABmBKgJUjHvA1LsQ8i2QgxHM5D
3EAft4Qy2NoE1yzEsmYZiLJ0iXMKZVzWZZhsRWjWV0RIEJZRBngFAMGVZwk3iYrbsoxLCmtxwYeiZ
DZw50MswfME8fvcg7g+Cb1fknjuwnDBu5BcNWK2aaQi/hOhAgWfso7OZ+qZ6N4IaJ4sQAapNUYm3i
MQCmSeHaU03J8r1bohyPCynBlCGNIRJkb80vqEXgXlQiTEti2zpFGJWH+Us7iMAVqpLcwHEAEknp9
40RxWZlxaHYiAwAFrmMFUrIuxWgdxikw68/hnND+a5xG2aYcEwVgtUrxj7qs7PmPeggArS0CTDxcL
L2adZrENzLZjgGB94B9Ics6qVAgoriQ8yorYlkSAEBtK+QdID0RYSEVCZkztdxOiP5EkzjFhUUBQ4
HHl0iSRbysC5IwsYiBc4ErXr15J16eP784e614TANjmV2uAWeAQgtt4QQDiKO6LI6SDAQ68C7xfyK
MIhSyJY4PeDUNju5daW8Ec8+Ddh9rwYHsanHVMDDHCpQJjeVRv0/QZVKugD6f71lvzzsbogpNnL9t
VhnIZBqupViFzF/IGd73Cs4PQV6tngE3lAinAlKVuDiIYIzwgCQ2zUZZKkUOLJbEqRx7QKEZtXVXE
VjhdZYe0lq3OAEgFF4KL61nYxoxlTDRLqxnqC904y3NTDXxzDqvs4IUB/B/OiddlITpDeFYEkPxt5
lcxmmKCCEvePt7+zRweRMDJ0aBuKRWpBd0I7HP2otbokjUwEvIdMCT8i5c54mcsPiibt2tRmgwWQm
91glzHLSsSL3SqjVT7eW94+BDi+sIzWpVSABezxyhW2TZRMxAZxM2ebhm8ao2GXGO1yNP1Al5glpC
X/wOFD0ry3otzUvkFdAsxFDeIkuSbAMkO/E8IfawkTbKLnPCW3gHfwEu/k1kNV95njWSAaxAIfJDo
BAImASZKq5WSDjcpli5rWTilDVFVkSyoKEeRuwjRvyBjXGu3uusUkaNp4urnK3jClXSTJnMmC1eul
+xfnzG84ZpgOUuiWa6aUOnNU4vyVfhTGqXZCYXKAlqkZ6ZZYcxvZ4xyRZXYs1WBt4BWWTMFqRfsaD
SWVSSnACAwcIXpnFeJ9SoRAYTIQy0zgn+OkSTnilnCdibzbKHConN9xzsD+D2TxCjzSoG+swBAmgY
1FKwfLO4KtBBaPSR5xp93Z/HB069WCjbxEMuwjhRVj5MvQt6eF4UJL5zmWOviSJGCTNMK3TtlinQE
cXc931POTAiK/U3YCTPq4rtCfCC0ANNp7M6Rss3naKtVz9Kj4cR1shON9POwAMVoTu9BjJZXRZFts
bXZnJXoE1gLOzh7Ym3pGYke8gOKz5D+tk6PddN0Xhb/CxQEXlv352/uvhwfiVOxcdGp03aCu0axjx
PQ+BrMgnAVa1hG2UGLVHzxaj8xCuw78QVYNCoN8mvDKsamBdQf1/U9BqmMXdeeuevz55fnk9/uTp/
N726eH8OCIKhkd4eTRntYw0eYxmAdABbRmWgDKzX6UEPnp9dmQfeNC6n334N/AZPRktZARcXI5jxR
Pjr8K4EDvUn1HSMOHYagAn3x2PxgzgWBwfi6THBy7f5FsCB5bUa48OpMurTOF1k/tjzvEguECjST5
NvpFfplIZlHigkUCIVH69Vn3V4I1EORwfk/qpWQHgYN1Pm+B9ZnOr3Pa/DWUkQ4OnYHgN+T0wjkIj
1PCwlt+KxoeN0inphOh2pgUFgiCnBqWFR3xe6CeqFIgbfkRYX9cSszBL8iQOgpBGPY/iCmgiZTYUn
wW2Y1EAPNQY1A/z1GoBZ8/Ugeo1MQ3A8Fyjc+LTpjh80NXFaS/NwHRhUu8RZ6EkXcp3dyghMPtLTm
rd4R28gHswTUMgwL9AmZIVYbrW3EmL0wxoJFg8tFrD4mqBoimhi7HEIKtMSuJ/DOZIHFWuyAs6L7D
ZGEzfbqpegoYF1UE9rc6qgZRgLOGRHRQxMCb5XiqTayH2QwaJmN4nwRpCopKJGmgMCd4nq4Zq+3qT
ZJp1y/HWKkj4am8VEXlPLiQ2aNdgTr0D1AZIZhBMN0RgKOJoC2e0QkIfpw3SBsuTRAiAwLyUFCRYs
HWDQFDlWwWERxviZIH4uJFqpWz0EOfiaGBYkehuYByQF8AchweSMvBlpUVyGplQ3g4Etkrhsdxlw4
OMCaFExAF09UtC4kabfx5NrwOLSllOrn4d24MOHD8w35YrCesRshrNGI7YgFR3kW1DnMXjL2hHgJA
HxAQT7KYCpS8Wb4vBKZDk7AbCgnH0AS3sFLueqqvKTo6PNZhOooDYrlkfl4uib77799rvHrCaiiBg
I5mOJi8rwBEf0Dh2p4HsduP6gl67FkHHqsiPBGklyBsgDQvx+rOMoEyeHY6NSkI0b44B/tQEFFTLV
g3pMZ6Cu36D06fPhp8/w1w+wSViN7B4jCOgOcGFsbc7LBQzhan3oV2Vgi0Clz7MajUXDFqX4CgaFI
DGSs3rpGzwc/a1/wLRRaEeGIQ6fXGP2x2UTzWSlVltT1BnEJIiktQ7vmIlCMtBKXyCtUYV3Irhtv0
7TlI4eLv3G3bFESE8xLpFVUD7cJg8WR9O4K0f4Ud7V+21ue1f649gFbQq1xYsiZZ1HKEaEDK7GxBZ
Ci8fR6wLZ2rCmBn1ja0rQ1+CozJjcChz57PsIcl+Qj0oRJy+tagGEaqWvdJCqlwFa2ON0rF+bF8wL
MDIS/Z8n9ESCm3bSefeY17ZOEsoqtLjUoQoDdlYa7XYGnDnSAEA0Cp8bak/5TWtReA16YGWch0AGW
3SYCd8ETCUk0sjf83vYqeMEDPVmEveBwDUacT7kQdAJ5VMeoShBmvKR23OIxQ1tu4PttD/EU3qVSK
TLAeFqa49eodppphZxiorYWqRgnmTgNhq1SHzUvHddB3LF8XGvaVMSqOjQ0MNqZbvKSgD3VTvM4Sx
rjHbtZACitI5LsnVIpxX8AS+DgmzKiAAxCZoB81Apc2f2B8icma/6MsAfhtLIEXbTIa+kYzMUHHSG
kIAqGQACkALxunJIPiQrggSYy1oaR67htRwUbIIRlCBilvEgBQNY08umG04NngSYgCfhRMh3VSlz8
RWEV2COWqz9MK39xzKoCeKsFhRBq+D51A6sraD6tBVku7zshteUq88zYN4Z+D52otnmcM2vJuYHt9
3V2QYpUMaUBvDHNqrXmjJ2MvNPp1aLhlp6EM1LzkDOloIeaeyZ9VagYcU1GGfR22OpxzRP5ZFh35G
flcdyfeejaYnLeVb2aW3FCF1qGPwu4xmCcEjuj68dSDKJ0bXiSP/fGeR+6M70TsFPjMJiE6c+aStF
sVN3MTp4GOI5Ju3oikKpI5go5tiOXhUgE7TZdgQUI+nPc4jgS+Xyd+G259jbAD/O5H0zIsNFKrtOd
tep7pJq8rDBDKXP76oiLHGshBeWRWUI0HV3tqSbkSxhulU7bWonFoOLIish+BRvrj4IpCEnITfh9l
6i9aPrIPnl1GmhT5wEA6GORB468nczay/S/xFE+6m/cyhL0X1Z/wfjCAMdRts0ycKob4TrzhPo8O3
X056sm437t1//HkL1CXXLqTNYjB2Xr5BhQg6C9R59A9CVuxfadMzHrJ8plFNs0qVKl6UUmia12t8C
PxoqZmwlOAGPJw1Nu1PHj+spDcJTdmgHsE4kqj97pHshcM9m/4Dot1Tps9swTihtDcQ4PERVqiN3T
kz0C7wDaadOsEjQF1qVHx9fA3dwqmDcnY7yts50srUnwtWfPCy7qOypPepmi8XZd7a314Z1iCb7lw
i33k/7IiFxcOsRkl6xaQMCiqJWPO6n0oPmtGNef/CM+mc1LA1/LPoG9x4a/vvYt3HciQoPodS/C6u
fCrZh08AeYGAGnLIdLll3aN6YWmjHihVEKQ5QkxyIDW1OU0oT/LIUoETscvXAQfFQW5wv6qLgjUpS
SLksDnHvbSKwLkf7VlTu0wVz9FpWiIlpNqcUsVXFkfVJjK+SvmYmfuOlY55KvX/a26CfL1eZzh7J9
DYuADjox5H/05ufzwf4BnOq0OnhSn+wIX4cDkC47PIjUZAHfo9rOjiu+0Zv0+ocqcK+O79OalSH1/
2kuCdF4uzx8d4nBa7zlZzfTCVt6CI/YV8rT/wCXyMqZp/XLcspwwXVFsFU5kmN5GEXFIvCFnU6p/2
DSoKfoio4saKDtmk5I7ZIwqUYUecIkzGKKyhfcxsWyg3LiwxrBkUdR0fLOBLytzpMMNqViwXggrs7
6lXAw1NORrzknWauJSvlvC7iags0CMtMbY7RprTVcLbliY4cJHkbhCmI29Qn4gqnje+ZcJEml46Z3
V0AnCQwCHWwtpADeg7v02yKo06RvMB7hNS4nTDhx157hExtM8D81QjtN5Je2TtwtOY2UVGdOaS0A/
CMfBiEMhpjAoB/00+XE23mGsByOYzlcjeWyzaWy14sly6Wy91Y2jKBC9skc7Qo9CV02pn+3jIIOxf
D45yH8xW3w5o8rL0DiCLXsaQWKi5NdTI+vAFGQEh/Wluy9LApa4i52K/IOC2sQCL748aOilt1UbHV
mYokVGeeinYDh0o73L5HQUAlPDPqzgIXhVUYOIKxTLIZyK1Bd9IAmIh2lQcnEdPb6YwTnm2T8fZ/3
//05jU2R1CmAoC64SKihsepjA7CYll2xamJonLgR2rpVk5QNwVwrzfltM8pp/2J2OeU074aZo//vM
ywuAs5R2xoEz8TORhrqrYxzeyalP391nNVvKKeM5vzBgz4H2ll+R4DVDp7+/bl2fszn8pX/H/5tsh
o4rryYeOjW5gGXVfLbm5Ijn0aa9rYP3tODrEtllC9Pn3+d8yvi99/dI5ATEAiUPnML5vi78yeGCPQ
qYyyEwDsNJh3lgRYroIlgH1Z8fYA7jYc+uRTmItyZUZ6Xk1Q19K9xsrtII4F9I8KoDqelMGjx5eyi
GOaDXtS3Z2AUlbPz3+8eH158fzt2fufLF8KfaI3V0fH4vznD4IKEdAQsHMR4rZ7hTUvoKDtgxwiyu
C/GjMPUV1xXhF6vby8VDsBayzlx9pO1N0BPOeCGQONkzicuDQPVaULYpSokMA6M0F1IXSmAiOENdf
rl5mq/6SjGDP0+moVbKizMPrMDO2ZBiAK0NgmBYPgYiZ4RVW6lY6DCt5iUudIepBSts4UHSSUpOrs
RFv7KzqX7+T1qDM8aTorffnRt3H1r4MyT2LQoM98Iw2qG9ZeNHyjHprNU8arTx1Z3WFk1ZBnPYgF1
qU883luqv+4YbTfasCwYbCXMO9UUuUBFZhiGZXYx0b7XGEg7+CrWXq1BiUsGG4kVbiImulimH0I4a
RYxeCJA0+uwIihww0QWivh5phPLJskM9z491+so8O/+Iogbutff+1pXhXJ4d9EDuGE4DIVv4eYduO
XEEEEMhDnb16NfUZunoTgNP6lxvJnMOyUgLOEnWpjeHN2OiplslClC646wBfK3NJrr9W/kHmh+vc7
mT6KwKfPI7K+nz5rAjbpFD3ABOczbsPH+m6DH56Tsve59WdPXK1kkqii3ouXl+fgiWHJOcoR7/Wcw
5icJ8CdWlXrxee4WqBwHxdeF8jMBTqEtI0fBU6z3tQpCh71dnb+zWpRerLbq5OLLMK4tNEe4bQVYX
TRdIAcDUuiV9fH30pKTRuks92G6I6iw5wxfVtQxaTLGsDS9DTkEANiD6xo14lg3qyM00pXyCXxHNQ
paF7QqxOQFaQuHtsiBsxSTsVmRalPe8DDfFvEy1WFmXjoHFClOTb/+ezD5cVrKr4+fto4sT08OiHH
esJlCqdYjIbpA/hil5YhX02nNuu2XiEMVELwv/Yrrn845QE6/Tij5mwFqFd83ObUiqx4BqCn6rwtJ
OhOW936pKcRBsbVxJX4savMGsxcMJSEw+p+VVBgz6/LiqZly6KQH6JffsE+wiI3RU+qs1X01P6oKS
5y3H2JRv2N4G2fbOnPDLredN4MlVfZn44U4sE/wKjb2h1D1x91mqrpWLw2xCwUJCpL+6sdKljt5il
KMtBwZHce2zzWr4lVc2ZAp2y3A0x8r9DVgtivzwFF5Wc4mBhid0IH3RGrDsWjcsQ1GlIdcKjBk3pU
kv7wxSMxGlmCOxmLA3HszNKyB/fPUikvsJE/gSZU9Z5UZ58VwIrw5Td2IPkVIYaK9EQ0QSJOL81MK
RJ+Niv0Lp+4s+wVAsoKotwVYbqUI4Y10TC/csk9kNQkdesQ+2N83WdaxAU4qXcDPN6VjP4tA41aix
U67W7ktq2PXPJgg97TBzsJ5oIvwg0o/7yuRrySA/uhvUeGhqHeDxEL3KCp2ioe+ehB/9ZXS+MC7qW
GgoWe3m89+yT44bUxHq2xkK2jJfvmhXJl5wWEaFW5j0hah7C0U2r8gMbknjZG3zdPfT7fZH4bX79b
3tOA5KFdgPyM9xDebvkUXExl1c0ZDXoTyVuZgF0Aa6Xr6HEcqqDvzWLsGtchaYOE+9j3f1Uuf5jeU
Fj34q8XE/Hi9Tv4+1y+ARuFZ6cm4m+AlniRFRC/8ek/OpaNJfkVB2ZZXeIBK4JGOXU+wY7+kK6J4d
lh/l6dFXAPCRgNJDBwRycYr00AFBucmQZ0NrYxxbr+HX7r4zoth087Y33U8dVLaxRfn2MouwcZ8nJ
xpHocWV0++pcXL85fX50H1R0yjv7pX1tt7ADU3WySpHbxUYG7OBNhnsxrfKKgWD7qTzLJe1xUFebp
MxEY5ol9iAFyE9rxIf3QOPJhgbG6yLdRNg+wpRjx2UhRbcBnHVsR3b1G1bFoCGs0VhtAjeOMj4E+w
ofn1ERNgRrS+OEMz//w48AfMHITQUlY+N/BzSayc7jqIAdNyGuj1kxz5PZv1MyKKasgGh4i1E4N4c
2JtyQOy/Vsbp/7epMKda0CaBBKystFWCeVkCmELBRJ0/l2UKP2US0WE15pthV0folyIckm3JZWpUl
YCh9HpU1VibsHlFiDQPfn8IaVLZ4hEzWfpwTohChFJ5nVtaznKxZjDjiUhuvsZ2/i9Omx3yEyD8oB
6LxsqA0TRbeMUVrKShGAH4zGH580O+iUiJ07ZYjzXFUbwreDgwNf/Pf9HgVjECRZdgOuDkDs9QQu6
fWANVRzMovUU++nXwXAivOV/AgPrilPbJ7XKaX9dnSlhZDm/xoGr0nDhrpDy9hxSqzg/VBuwdsqyo
78ksZ0awombiSqWnX5DCZ1tCQRL4IS2A/LeRzvc/gP67DNajxbhUk8xSjyDng9RjATfIv7OBzBrtB
vo4pGwzYGHZgLAfa5dIiHowObdKIIEJ2+3So8pxdpXDVHAR7bm3zqJHFlbkNRDCXCDcqEnkiLGtZB
PYdJm9WE37uY04kFsvnHJ60yNmue/Po+5IGpQciyxUKjCg/1Ms0zWcy1OcU1i+dxZYHR7RAOd6ZbY
Ci/HXg9KPmgzMkGREaYzds/mZWxMX1DG56HeiRVkFKZm3U47RKmrQKyIGjGpwSPIaThXP2Fzg28pr
yxcgWcwcSfFNdjNbhzA4B9KK1O1cl+rjRojvsDHLpNxihHw5GOorCuMDLwmW8HjuPjh6JfRu42Lqo
6TKbqAPkUXbip2QJWiJrDTDsP6hkvZYJWMF4eqlJsdB3Gzak9LLbUxfUQ/6vwP7APCLlnafIMHcBj
9pHAk0DSRFN9yFXnZz4ahjUHBrnazbfYAkF9pY+g9Lq8PVVz4gcxejqBwLR1fC7f4kUuMMCjCEPZn
kIxK0rWeLXPxIsfTsXoyUR8swN6MDDAybE9Qju8a0EYBPL02uILPvzROTZhLxpvLxDZ8PjE/U11Dd
tEoTS+blO7S5XviSh/bhGFz2KpstEnXza2vwahXcQyOnxUIiEULo1eHGYtGhbPI6syNzJWfBRX7HN
J3D6f4p1BJLBplJCljrSHakbRZ3yV6uADkCjnbLfMGW5dVNGqMDN3RWH1mcKvRSwAMO3bMOKrYXx8
r2hh+0WD+4iq9tqA7YmP1Vk53hZqGnquCOxywB7KgbjPdT/z4ZahLmt0BeQLOP3h29YWY//xzMSF3
UMbgB2sv6QG3/ENekvte9Z7d7m7I6mmxr3hBv3pz0o5fNTX9XfJkwWlkSxwJfV9dOQEnmDRKm4K0x
0eqnh1jTe+0fYsGqtE2i4Nh7Z8tQ/6GBTNU2USLA14OfUCd1Nv6QK7s5IqqN6evxVfHz+Z6JOXDEh
N4Gnw9Ct1zxt106fLXQ94okIqeKn6HQf/ZQGLK7e3edWJNmhap637XtzBOHM0DqaGDo35ub8Yv1mz
UODFaA0x2fE11y28Aj9kBh6IvuEwA18K4sSgD11boTTCPaT5fqd8u0oTMdglOUOKcpeS/GK+Vr36r
QWG6cjGq5DfoMdV5ycml6XtB27ijew6P2KQm95jPmw70LJWN/6u6XP/XXNXLTwzc70935m7ezzPpo
HqO2wx+2jAKQRFiAeVuTfq3BgOZ14OjWyNP1ElIt2CaLsVznPAYnT66ZITTFQTNypkNXOuw7n9HWu
SDvnG1J5SIev0nM0Qrel2FH+b0x/iDXAZBz43x7CpNidSnKfiEboLa8plk1O5XJbTEC9im1IYS5VJ
nehEx0Wv6BotGZZbHc3gRS8AQrORKsa0C66BI0Dj8YWwXNljXeIhaGiqI7UKU8s4YsWuQicAF3AGk
vrrHDhXlvqJxFRyWRd5AfGmr64N5ZKTvmrXBqjOjq3D8kajrntM1C2SpB6pzkkfwOS8Z6teBYjApr
ij4KdT8w645nFzJD2eGG6Qab2WRVg1V7G4u9oxBEjNCHRaF1fXSn014thiExux2DCHhRRmocz3ryB
wc6PWHWfQx0bPPZyfqIdKqX7J8XbLpoytoB+L6e4J+t3K4y8M+h34XxL0cwl/keBdBwnen2UhpzI8
Og2F0TmdCHAvSYT/umUjQJjZVtFwiWU3lNkJ1Zpa7VdZdjOdskG/WGgvicdR+k2VVuvLpyfUCPtx9
qZUOcP34Qz325j1S6EmhBjiLhzyokZF/OtIbXhMQVSpSBw66K986SNCIQOsRs9Axoo4ivDOMFYhTp
4Fd5SdNVDIs1WiDQKYPVdtX70/e/f+l7fWQM7Wg8Zyqukw6qb+QQLv4qrR2N2bhbidBtH7rlnztu/
WyzSNQDTj7ol3MIKuCHKvA8djJMgnYy7JXIdbfSuXTLN6ueJaAJiLBc1dNG2wsRVewrsAI1jpcqKU
JseVBIaQjCPPeRpRFlQrOf2YNB28onvzfNdvcbqqq0Jxa5fGRE8HdxhpV8Fu2SYRv8GdrlJOoed0F
oNp8/Gv+L8LoPtUE97fXTwxAAjcnRNhgRjmAgMCv3AxFdLKygCrBX9z1euln6X6De9I8sE58p/WeC
EAXataclTFF5CXleC7sUV7R3yPT1hwzWuBLlyaiYB25Is5s8gIxgmQxPqBkjQKgVVlWQMO7/d+cyU
+gC1QKzPWHTCpT9do6xOEeEdqyqPPqTp/00ZuE7ILwPegKijqslQ33GDl2cM1mGmfzvmgolYsUzDf
SzB7Y3QmH7fpe4ElREbxbPC69CyMUMVpnQsYtVRV0IKBVczLGo9R0pV2+nZ5DFVvszji8mmUUD0MX
usJCqQFhnbY7GsUqYRwo+WM9DEiiLe5hdHW2AAZtQBVq4Kku63tUGFPsPinTQRVBjCrl6W9DR2XZS
2/+e7rb/bW5fLJn7/79um3Tkc9nYEr46yDLf6/MD/kt+jYqkXr3XJz5UcvKYmQ+tG7B9crTV3WwQ8
q/E2BrocC2D6wNYibg58DYgeCFpKjV9DqdVa9QieR8J2It7Kge6GylB4MlL3stc5h8T9dgLqSggCy
dvwb0UIXYgiMKkDoXXpY8j8/6e3YpSKbw0BbzpFDDivU6PE8sNaobXDBNXI2BIxpZstp6m0ok2MvG
NhxqnLRXtwJb46bOgV9tEFdUokXVBby0PyrGuqeagOOOoM/tSzCdamUGkesfDjBvTEWHTFytOs8ML
kDhtxEdniDIaK4X+o7MQMb+7af0bNTjCejjWZUW+yAhKYJIzNtXV9lgzR9XZj/jHN139wXgzRdzf3
AoAjUsqhoqfd83T0bXjon0LMz1MsH7Hna9wN7zK4QJ0yx2bYkbnPv0tWj2Gfb8qyM73xzoT4HoNbh
Jjyx1b0Qk7r+zMxgJSycq0jp6Y+Xb56fXRIdpm/PXvzP2Y9Ueo0S2wrnH7zJl2aHTOlD57SWveGn6
mX7Bm+Q7bntmk/+Kgid951Cwx4I/ae8+xanHenZr4c6dA7LdjsB4run3YI6FNP2Qu6krNRVYHaNbO
tQlqee8gka/cuqPtSPdKWQPVbPLSJPrZMp3XiS5aKpItLAm/oPFbB29saHVt0arhtbqzygupl6YON
+bI5j0fJhlIfMaao+9BFVU1nA+Z/2P3hE3hce8Nd3uYFczqV1uTDdK8ygKvdfViog8kd/Sv0bRhPz
rxRQO65wKc0/v4GlanMV5HRO2HfnZ1esRjIZoAKoS1aV+r5cRkWrTlUPZiooH5Xi4yFdu3GICuja/
MJVU+nDv8ZYJ1mZaydLLmJmUwaNF3Vi1z6aPp0OlFWjippsYR1BBS14BJRupLsE6cCEFNu42VbsPy
r3Vc4Lj9AQJdWdsRby6KRY2GtqPRaHQ3c92HcdCPFkuGHUuk5B9TjmHuU9PcpaH6i3LB0e5Ri6xEH
8QJC5KEvQbZNOwg9rANXuCHy9/fjkxFRHIMfja0sPUcW5b4zOqfho+ck7Lze2uuPXT38qPk/MBgom
98ftUa791pmv4Rxy5wzrQJ5Zl2cyJN9537+/qHs4/xiJ77VxNRx4QjMTo0+fx2Z21vldNQXzZNydd
qPFhkDxiWQbFB1h7oLq6EXxqMD9qPZz62DJlg+HjR6bY2V0bbxdNONbckLOmMsj3EMn85uZtrvTfR
4P6s4o6v7coM2TavlB3NkZ4VbufvWwmWhPveGJAZ+Cr0bp7//kAf27hx9M9+NdSR/T6mnvkX72d/H
EDBY3t7lUPw/A8oAqHZECfyRGRvbxFrWGkDZDNZNDxqDwhxxuDJBOMWNGvvFUORXGUHj/D3quEjI=
"""
)

# file activate.sh
ACTIVATE_SH = convert(
    """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"""
)

# file activate.fish
ACTIVATE_FISH = convert(
    """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"""
)

# file activate.csh
ACTIVATE_CSH = convert(
    """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==
"""
)

# file activate.xsh
ACTIVATE_XSH = convert(
    """
eJyNU11PwjAUfe+vuNY9sIj7ASQ+YCSBRD6i02gIaSq7gyWjXdqyaIz/3XYwVmB+9GFZ78c57T2n
lNIXKfQa+NJkJTcIeqmywkAqFZSZMlueoygppSRVcgPvrjgyUuYask0hlYEVGqaxAK6B7f8JSTAF
lmCN2uFqpcMeAbuyFGjxkcglhUwAzzOuUe9SbiWY18H5vm5B6sbgM4qir8jSdCib3t+x59FD/NS/
Z7N+PKRdoDRskAIXhBsIziqPyFrSf9O9xsPpZDgdD85JD6lz6kPqtwM0RYdx1bnB5Lka2u5cxzML
vKLWTjZ7mI5n8b8A9rUNjpAiQW3U1gmKFIQ0lXpW1gblEh4xT6EuvGjXtHGFE5ZcwlZotGhKYY4l
FwZKrjL+lqMmvoXmp4dYhKQV1M7d6yPEv5jNKcqYf1VGbcmZB5x4lRcCfzfvLXaBiCdJ5wj46uD+
Tmg3luR2NGGT/nhgGbpgX48wN7HaYhcUFjlfYrULCTkxWru36jF59rJ9NlJlf7JQde5j11VS+yZr
0d22eUPaxdycLKMTvqWjR3610emDtgTu36ylcJe83rhv/di/AYN1UZY=
"""
)

# file activate.bat
ACTIVATE_BAT = convert(
    """
eJyVk1FLhEAUhd8X/A8XWSkf28dCyMUpBR3FzAiCS+WYwq4TOdXfb0Z3dTJdyCfveO85n8frNXut
OPCyNFbGqmUCzDxIs3s3REJzB1GrEE3VVJdQsLJuWAEYh97QkaRxlGRwbqxAXp1Uf+RYM32W1LKB
7Vp2nJC6DReD9m+5qeQ6Wd+a/SN7dlzn9oI7dxsSXJCcoXOskfLgYXdv/j8LnXiM8iGg/RmiZmOr
bFMSgcebMwGfKhgbBIfnL14X8P7BX3Zs38J3LSoQFdtD3YCVuJlvnfgmj5kfUz+OCLxxqUWoF9zk
qtYAFyZkBsO9ArzUh/td0ZqP9IskElTFMsnwb4/GqeoLPUlZT5dJvf8Id5hQIONynUSa2G0Wc+m8
Z+w2w4/Tt2hbYT0hbgOK1I0I4tUw/QOTZfLE
"""
)

# file deactivate.bat
DEACTIVATE_BAT = convert(
    """
eJyFkN0KgkAUhO8F32EQpHqFQEjQUPAPMaErqVxzId3IrV6/3ST/UDp3c86c4WN25FIysKJQFVVp
CEfqxsnB9DI7SA25i20fFqtXHM+GYL0BZzi9GM1xf7DzjVQN3pSX4CWpQGvokZk4uqrQAjXjyElB
a5IjCz0r+2VHcehHCa5MZNmB5e7TdqMqECMptHZh6DN/utb7Zs6CejsO/QNzTJwwcELfHgJJPcTp
TFOk7rCM1f92aG38HzBR5KgjoYdIQk5hZPWLGNLfd/MN+wANyJE5
"""
)

# file activate.ps1
ACTIVATE_PS = convert(
    """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=
"""
)

# file distutils-init.py
DISTUTILS_INIT = convert(
    """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"""
)

# file distutils.cfg
DISTUTILS_CFG = convert(
    """
eJxNj00KwkAMhfc9xYNuxe4Ft57AjYiUtDO1wXSmNJnK3N5pdSEEAu8nH6lxHVlRhtDHMPATA4uH
xJ4EFmGbvfJiicSHFRzUSISMY6hq3GLCRLnIvSTnEefN0FIjw5tF0Hkk9Q5dRunBsVoyFi24aaLg
9FDOlL0FPGluf4QjcInLlxd6f6rqkgPu/5nHLg0cXCscXoozRrP51DRT3j9QNl99AP53T2Q=
"""
)

# file activate_this.py
ACTIVATE_THIS = convert(
    """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"""
)

# file python-config
PYTHON_CONFIG = convert(
    """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"""
)

MH_MAGIC = 0xFEEDFACE
MH_CIGAM = 0xCEFAEDFE
MH_MAGIC_64 = 0xFEEDFACF
MH_CIGAM_64 = 0xCFFAEDFE
FAT_MAGIC = 0xCAFEBABE
BIG_ENDIAN = ">"
LITTLE_ENDIAN = "<"
LC_LOAD_DYLIB = 0xC
maxint = getattr(sys, "maxsize", getattr(sys, "maxint", None))


class FileView(object):
    """
    A proxy for file-like objects that exposes a given view of a file.
    Modified from macholib.
    """

    def __init__(self, file_obj, start=0, size=maxint):
        if isinstance(file_obj, FileView):
            self._file_obj = file_obj._file_obj
        else:
            self._file_obj = file_obj
        self._start = start
        self._end = start + size
        self._pos = 0

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<fileview [{:d}, {:d}] {!r}>".format(self._start, self._end, self._file_obj)

    def tell(self):
        return self._pos

    def _checkwindow(self, seek_to, op):
        if not (self._start <= seek_to <= self._end):
            raise IOError(
                "{} to offset {:d} is outside window [{:d}, {:d}]".format(op, seek_to, self._start, self._end)
            )

    def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
        seek_to = offset
        if whence == os.SEEK_SET:
            seek_to += self._start
        elif whence == os.SEEK_CUR:
            seek_to += self._start + self._pos
        elif whence == os.SEEK_END:
            seek_to += self._end
        else:
            raise IOError("Invalid whence argument to seek: {!r}".format(whence))
        self._checkwindow(seek_to, "seek")
        self._file_obj.seek(seek_to)
        self._pos = seek_to - self._start

    def write(self, content):
        here = self._start + self._pos
        self._checkwindow(here, "write")
        self._checkwindow(here + len(content), "write")
        self._file_obj.seek(here, os.SEEK_SET)
        self._file_obj.write(content)
        self._pos += len(content)

    def read(self, size=maxint):
        assert size >= 0
        here = self._start + self._pos
        self._checkwindow(here, "read")
        size = min(size, self._end - here)
        self._file_obj.seek(here, os.SEEK_SET)
        read_bytes = self._file_obj.read(size)
        self._pos += len(read_bytes)
        return read_bytes


def read_data(file, endian, num=1):
    """
    Read a given number of 32-bits unsigned integers from the given file
    with the given endianness.
    """
    res = struct.unpack(endian + "L" * num, file.read(num * 4))
    if len(res) == 1:
        return res[0]
    return res


def mach_o_change(at_path, what, value):
    """
    Replace a given name (what) in any LC_LOAD_DYLIB command found in
    the given binary with a new name (value), provided it's shorter.
    """

    def do_macho(file, bits, endian):
        # Read Mach-O header (the magic number is assumed read by the caller)
        cpu_type, cpu_sub_type, file_type, n_commands, size_of_commands, flags = read_data(file, endian, 6)
        # 64-bits header has one more field.
        if bits == 64:
            read_data(file, endian)
        # The header is followed by n commands
        for _ in range(n_commands):
            where = file.tell()
            # Read command header
            cmd, cmd_size = read_data(file, endian, 2)
            if cmd == LC_LOAD_DYLIB:
                # The first data field in LC_LOAD_DYLIB commands is the
                # offset of the name, starting from the beginning of the
                # command.
                name_offset = read_data(file, endian)
                file.seek(where + name_offset, os.SEEK_SET)
                # Read the NUL terminated string
                load = file.read(cmd_size - name_offset).decode()
                load = load[: load.index("\0")]
                # If the string is what is being replaced, overwrite it.
                if load == what:
                    file.seek(where + name_offset, os.SEEK_SET)
                    file.write(value.encode() + b"\0")
            # Seek to the next command
            file.seek(where + cmd_size, os.SEEK_SET)

    def do_file(file, offset=0, size=maxint):
        file = FileView(file, offset, size)
        # Read magic number
        magic = read_data(file, BIG_ENDIAN)
        if magic == FAT_MAGIC:
            # Fat binaries contain nfat_arch Mach-O binaries
            n_fat_arch = read_data(file, BIG_ENDIAN)
            for _ in range(n_fat_arch):
                # Read arch header
                cpu_type, cpu_sub_type, offset, size, align = read_data(file, BIG_ENDIAN, 5)
                do_file(file, offset, size)
        elif magic == MH_MAGIC:
            do_macho(file, 32, BIG_ENDIAN)
        elif magic == MH_CIGAM:
            do_macho(file, 32, LITTLE_ENDIAN)
        elif magic == MH_MAGIC_64:
            do_macho(file, 64, BIG_ENDIAN)
        elif magic == MH_CIGAM_64:
            do_macho(file, 64, LITTLE_ENDIAN)

    assert len(what) >= len(value)

    with open(at_path, "r+b") as f:
        do_file(f)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()