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157. Read N Characters Given Read4 最长有效括号

难度: Easy

刷题内容

原题连接

内容描述

The API: int read4(char *buf) reads 4 characters at a time from a file.

The return value is the actual number of characters read. For example, it returns 3 if there is only 3 characters left in the file.

By using the read4 API, implement the function int read(char *buf, int n) that reads n characters from the file.

Example 1:

Input: buf = "abc", n = 4
Output: "abc"
Explanation: The actual number of characters read is 3, which is "abc".
Example 2:

Input: buf = "abcde", n = 5 
Output: "abcde"
Note:
The read function will only be called once for each test case.

解题方案

思路 1

讨论区有很多人说这道题很sb，给的例子和代码里面的input数据类型不一样，其实我也很懵逼 然后我看到了这个解释，顿悟

It took me several hours to understand what the problem is talking about.

Let's look at the very first sentence of the description, "The API: int read4(char *buf) reads 4 characters at a time from a file." I though this function read a file, which is represented by *buf. But I was wrong. The correct understanding should be like this: this function reads a file, and writes the first 4 characters to *buf, and if there are less than 4 characters to be read, then only the valid number of characters will be read and written to *buf.

Similarly, the function to be implemented, int read(char buf, int n) that reads n characters from the file, means n characters should be written to *buf.

Also the examples are very misleading. Let's say example 1,
Input: buf = "abc", n = 4
Output: "abc"
Explanation: The actual number of characters read is 3, which is "abc".
The input *buf is not "abc". The file to be read is "abc". The input, *buf , should be where the characters are written to. The output, is not the return value of read(buf, 4), but should be the actual characters in *buf after the function is called. And the return value should be an int, which is 3.

Hope this clarification helps :)

总结一下，就是read4(*read4_buf)这个函数的意思就是从文件当中读4个字符并将其写入到read4_buf中去，返回值是实际读取到的字符个数，即如果文件中只剩3个（不到4个字符了） ，那么就只写3个字符到read4_buf中去，返回值是3

所以我们要实现的read(*buf)函数也是这样，我们要读取n个字符并写入到buf中去并且返回实际读取到的字符个数，如果不够我们就有多少写多少，然后返回实际写入的个数

那么现在我们有两种情况：

  • n大于文件中的字符数，我们检测文件结束并停止读取并返回文件中的字符数。
  • n小于或等于文件中的字符数，当读取足够的字符时返回（即n）

代码中用eof代表'end of file'

class Solution(object):
    def read(self, buf, n):
        """
        :type buf: Destination buffer (List[str])
        :type n: Maximum number of characters to read (int)
        :rtype: The number of characters read (int)
        """
        if n == 0 :
            return 0
        total_read, eof = 0, False
        while not eof:
            read4_buf = [''] * 4
            cur_read = read4(read4_buf)
            if (cur_read < 4):
                eof = True
            for i in range(cur_read):
                buf[total_read] = read4_buf[i]
                total_read += 1
                if total_read == n:
                    return total_read
        return total_read