Commit inicial

Neste commit, criamos um app Rails do zero com o comando `rails new -T
-J`.

A opção `-T` diz ao executável `rails` para não colocar nenhum framework
de testes ao criar o app. Isto deixa mais fácil o processo de
configuração do RSpec, que será o próximo passo de desenvolvimento do
projeto.

A opção `-J` diz ao executável `rails` para não incluir arquivos de
JavaScript no app. No nosso caso, não precisaremos lidar com JavaScript
porque foge do escopo do nosso estudo.

.gitignore

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+# See https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files for more about ignoring files.
+#
+# If you find yourself ignoring temporary files generated by your text editor
+# or operating system, you probably want to add a global ignore instead:
+#   git config --global core.excludesfile '~/.gitignore_global'
+
+# Ignore bundler config.
+/.bundle
+
+# Ignore the default SQLite database.
+/db/*.sqlite3
+/db/*.sqlite3-journal
+
+# Ignore all logfiles and tempfiles.
+/log/*
+/tmp/*
+!/log/.keep
+!/tmp/.keep
+
+# Ignore uploaded files in development
+/storage/*
+!/storage/.keep
+
+/node_modules
+/yarn-error.log
+
+/public/assets
+.byebug_history
+
+# Ignore master key for decrypting credentials and more.
+/config/master.key

.ruby-version

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+ruby-2.5.5

Gemfile

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+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+git_source(:github) { |repo| "https://github.com/#{repo}.git" }
+
+ruby '2.5.5'
+
+# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
+gem 'rails', '~> 5.2.4', '>= 5.2.4.1'
+# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
+gem 'sqlite3'
+# Use Puma as the app server
+gem 'puma', '~> 3.11'
+# Use SCSS for stylesheets
+gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
+# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
+gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
+# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
+# gem 'redis', '~> 4.0'
+# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
+# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
+
+# Use ActiveStorage variant
+# gem 'mini_magick', '~> 4.8'
+
+# Use Capistrano for deployment
+# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
+
+# Reduces boot times through caching; required in config/boot.rb
+gem 'bootsnap', '>= 1.1.0', require: false
+
+group :development, :test do
+  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
+  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
+end
+
+group :development do
+  # Access an interactive console on exception pages or by calling 'console' anywhere in the code.
+  gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
+  gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
+  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
+  gem 'spring'
+  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
+end
+
+
+# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
+gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

Gemfile.lock

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+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    actioncable (5.2.4.1)
+      actionpack (= 5.2.4.1)
+      nio4r (~> 2.0)
+      websocket-driver (>= 0.6.1)
+    actionmailer (5.2.4.1)
+      actionpack (= 5.2.4.1)
+      actionview (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activejob (= 5.2.4.1)
+      mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
+    actionpack (5.2.4.1)
+      actionview (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activesupport (= 5.2.4.1)
+      rack (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.8)
+      rack-test (>= 0.6.3)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
+      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
+    actionview (5.2.4.1)
+      activesupport (= 5.2.4.1)
+      builder (~> 3.1)
+      erubi (~> 1.4)
+      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
+      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.3)
+    activejob (5.2.4.1)
+      activesupport (= 5.2.4.1)
+      globalid (>= 0.3.6)
+    activemodel (5.2.4.1)
+      activesupport (= 5.2.4.1)
+    activerecord (5.2.4.1)
+      activemodel (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activesupport (= 5.2.4.1)
+      arel (>= 9.0)
+    activestorage (5.2.4.1)
+      actionpack (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activerecord (= 5.2.4.1)
+      marcel (~> 0.3.1)
+    activesupport (5.2.4.1)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
+      i18n (>= 0.7, < 2)
+      minitest (~> 5.1)
+      tzinfo (~> 1.1)
+    arel (9.0.0)
+    bindex (0.8.1)
+    bootsnap (1.4.6)
+      msgpack (~> 1.0)
+    builder (3.2.4)
+    byebug (11.1.1)
+    concurrent-ruby (1.1.6)
+    crass (1.0.6)
+    erubi (1.9.0)
+    ffi (1.12.2)
+    globalid (0.4.2)
+      activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
+    i18n (1.8.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+    jbuilder (2.10.0)
+      activesupport (>= 5.0.0)
+    listen (3.1.5)
+      rb-fsevent (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.4)
+      rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7)
+      ruby_dep (~> 1.2)
+    loofah (2.4.0)
+      crass (~> 1.0.2)
+      nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
+    mail (2.7.1)
+      mini_mime (>= 0.1.1)
+    marcel (0.3.3)
+      mimemagic (~> 0.3.2)
+    method_source (0.9.2)
+    mimemagic (0.3.4)
+    mini_mime (1.0.2)
+    mini_portile2 (2.4.0)
+    minitest (5.14.0)
+    msgpack (1.3.3)
+    nio4r (2.5.2)
+    nokogiri (1.10.8)
+      mini_portile2 (~> 2.4.0)
+    puma (3.12.2)
+    rack (2.2.2)
+    rack-test (1.1.0)
+      rack (>= 1.0, < 3)
+    rails (5.2.4.1)
+      actioncable (= 5.2.4.1)
+      actionmailer (= 5.2.4.1)
+      actionpack (= 5.2.4.1)
+      actionview (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activejob (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activemodel (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activerecord (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activestorage (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activesupport (= 5.2.4.1)
+      bundler (>= 1.3.0)
+      railties (= 5.2.4.1)
+      sprockets-rails (>= 2.0.0)
+    rails-dom-testing (2.0.3)
+      activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
+      nokogiri (>= 1.6)
+    rails-html-sanitizer (1.3.0)
+      loofah (~> 2.3)
+    railties (5.2.4.1)
+      actionpack (= 5.2.4.1)
+      activesupport (= 5.2.4.1)
+      method_source
+      rake (>= 0.8.7)
+      thor (>= 0.19.0, < 2.0)
+    rake (13.0.1)
+    rb-fsevent (0.10.3)
+    rb-inotify (0.10.1)
+      ffi (~> 1.0)
+    ruby_dep (1.5.0)
+    sass (3.7.4)
+      sass-listen (~> 4.0.0)
+    sass-listen (4.0.0)
+      rb-fsevent (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.4)
+      rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7)
+    sass-rails (5.1.0)
+      railties (>= 5.2.0)
+      sass (~> 3.1)
+      sprockets (>= 2.8, < 4.0)
+      sprockets-rails (>= 2.0, < 4.0)
+      tilt (>= 1.1, < 3)
+    spring (2.1.0)
+    spring-watcher-listen (2.0.1)
+      listen (>= 2.7, < 4.0)
+      spring (>= 1.2, < 3.0)
+    sprockets (3.7.2)
+      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
+      rack (> 1, < 3)
+    sprockets-rails (3.2.1)
+      actionpack (>= 4.0)
+      activesupport (>= 4.0)
+      sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
+    sqlite3 (1.4.2)
+    thor (1.0.1)
+    thread_safe (0.3.6)
+    tilt (2.0.10)
+    tzinfo (1.2.6)
+      thread_safe (~> 0.1)
+    web-console (3.7.0)
+      actionview (>= 5.0)
+      activemodel (>= 5.0)
+      bindex (>= 0.4.0)
+      railties (>= 5.0)
+    websocket-driver (0.7.1)
+      websocket-extensions (>= 0.1.0)
+    websocket-extensions (0.1.4)
+
+PLATFORMS
+  ruby
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  bootsnap (>= 1.1.0)
+  byebug
+  jbuilder (~> 2.5)
+  listen (>= 3.0.5, < 3.2)
+  puma (~> 3.11)
+  rails (~> 5.2.4, >= 5.2.4.1)
+  sass-rails (~> 5.0)
+  spring
+  spring-watcher-listen (~> 2.0.0)
+  sqlite3
+  tzinfo-data
+  web-console (>= 3.3.0)
+
+RUBY VERSION
+   ruby 2.5.5p157
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.1.4

README.md

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+# Introdução a Testes Automatizados
+
+Este app tem como objetivo trazer uma introdução passo-a-passo sobre como
+escrever e executar testes automatizados no Ruby on Rails.
+
+O app usa a versão 5.2.4.1 do Rails, e Ruby 2.5.5.
+
+# Mais informações
+Para mais informações sobre cada passo e escrita dos testes, por favor leia as
+mensagens nos commits ao longo do app:
+
+```shell
+$ git log
+```
+
+# Direcionado o app para um commit específico
+Se você teve interesse por um passo em específico que apareceu no `git log`,
+você pode colocar o app no estado desejado com:
+
+```shell
+$ git checkout <hash_do_commit_desejado>
+```

Rakefile

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+# Add your own tasks in files placed in lib/tasks ending in .rake,
+# for example lib/tasks/capistrano.rake, and they will automatically be available to Rake.
+
+require_relative 'config/application'
+
+Rails.application.load_tasks

app/assets/config/manifest.js

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+//= link_tree ../images
+//= link_directory ../stylesheets .css

app/assets/stylesheets/application.css

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+/*
+ * This is a manifest file that'll be compiled into application.css, which will include all the files
+ * listed below.
+ *
+ * Any CSS and SCSS file within this directory, lib/assets/stylesheets, or any plugin's
+ * vendor/assets/stylesheets directory can be referenced here using a relative path.
+ *
+ * You're free to add application-wide styles to this file and they'll appear at the bottom of the
+ * compiled file so the styles you add here take precedence over styles defined in any other CSS/SCSS
+ * files in this directory. Styles in this file should be added after the last require_* statement.
+ * It is generally better to create a new file per style scope.
+ *
+ *= require_tree .
+ *= require_self
+ */

app/channels/application_cable/channel.rb

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+module ApplicationCable
+  class Channel < ActionCable::Channel::Base
+  end
+end

app/channels/application_cable/connection.rb

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+module ApplicationCable
+  class Connection < ActionCable::Connection::Base
+  end
+end

app/controllers/application_controller.rb

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+class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
+end

app/helpers/application_helper.rb

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+module ApplicationHelper
+end

app/jobs/application_job.rb

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+class ApplicationJob < ActiveJob::Base
+end

app/mailers/application_mailer.rb

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+class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base
+  default from: '[email protected]'
+  layout 'mailer'
+end

app/models/application_record.rb

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+class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.abstract_class = true
+end

app/views/layouts/application.html.erb

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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>IntroductionToAutomatedTesting</title>
+    <%= csrf_meta_tags %>
+    <%= csp_meta_tag %>
+
+    <%= stylesheet_link_tag    'application', media: 'all' %>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <%= yield %>
+  </body>
+</html>

app/views/layouts/mailer.html.erb

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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+    <style>
+      /* Email styles need to be inline */
+    </style>
+  </head>
+
+  <body>
+    <%= yield %>
+  </body>
+</html>

app/views/layouts/mailer.text.erb

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+<%= yield %>

bin/bundle

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] ||= File.expand_path('../Gemfile', __dir__)
+load Gem.bin_path('bundler', 'bundle')

bin/rails

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+begin
+  load File.expand_path('../spring', __FILE__)
+rescue LoadError => e
+  raise unless e.message.include?('spring')
+end
+APP_PATH = File.expand_path('../config/application', __dir__)
+require_relative '../config/boot'
+require 'rails/commands'

bin/rake

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+begin
+  load File.expand_path('../spring', __FILE__)
+rescue LoadError => e
+  raise unless e.message.include?('spring')
+end
+require_relative '../config/boot'
+require 'rake'
+Rake.application.run