ci: Test against PHP 8.4 (#40255)

It'll be released soon, let's try testing against it.

To make it work, we had to fix one test in changelogger (PHP 8.4 changed
an error message) and disable deprecation warnings for a call to Phan in
a phan-plugins test because microsoft/tolerant-php-parser has not had a
8.4-safe release yet.

Committed via a GitHub action: https://github.com/Automattic/jetpack/actions/runs/11936686391

Upstream-Ref: Automattic/jetpack@979a6c9

vendor/composer/installed.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             "dist": {
                 "type": "path",
                 "url": "/tmp/jetpack-build/Automattic/jetpack-device-detection",
-                "reference": "0cab0cbb7901b936632562da29b00065329428a3"
+                "reference": "f3cca786fe8d33bc70ad4c637adc5c51acccf4c6"
             },
             "require": {
                 "php": ">=7.2"

vendor/composer/installed.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
         'automattic/jetpack-device-detection' => array(
             'pretty_version' => '3.0.0',
             'version' => '3.0.0.0',
-            'reference' => '0cab0cbb7901b936632562da29b00065329428a3',
+            'reference' => 'f3cca786fe8d33bc70ad4c637adc5c51acccf4c6',
             'type' => 'jetpack-library',
             'install_path' => __DIR__ . '/../automattic/jetpack-device-detection',
             'aliases' => array(),