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Security Response Automation

Take automated actions on your Security Command Center findings:

• Automatically create disk snapshots to enable forensic investigations.
• Revoke IAM grants that violate your desired policy.
• Notify other systems such as PagerDuty, Slack or email.
• See the full list of automations for more information.

You're in control:

• Service account runs with lowest permission needed granted at granularity you specify.
• You control which projects are enforced by each automation.
• Every action is logged to Cloud Logging and is easily auditable.
• Can be run in monitor mode where actions are logged only.

Architecture

1. A finding is either generated from Security Command Center or Cloud Logging (legacy) and sent to a Pubsub topic
2. The Filter Cloud Function first can optionally run the finding through a series of Rego policies that will automatically mark the finding as a false positive and auto-close it.
3. If the finding is valid for your environment, it is sent to the Router Function, which is configued by YAML to send the finding on to the correct auto-remediation function that you have enabled.
4. The auto-remediation Cloud Functions then take action to fix the problem addressed with the finding.

Automations

Function Name	Service	Description
CloseBucket	GCS	Removes public access for a GCS bucket
CloseCloudSQL	CloudSQL	Removes public access for a Cloud SQL instance
ClosePublicDataset	BigQuery	Removes public access for a BigQuery Dataset
CloudSQLRequireSSL	Cloud SQL	Automatically configure a Cloud SQL instance to require encryption in transit
DisableDashboard	Google Kubernetes Engine	Disables the GKE dashboard
EnableAuditLogs	IAM	Enables Data Access logs
EnableBucketOnlyPolicy	IAM	Enables Uniform Bucket Access on the bucket in question
IAMRevoke	IAM	Revokes IAM permissions granted by an anomolous grant
OpenFirewall	Compute Engine	Closes an firewall rule that has 0.0.0.0/0 ingress open
RemovePublicIP	Compute Engine	Removes external IP from a GCE instance
SnapshotDisk	Compute Engine	Creates a disk snapshot in response to a C2 finding
UpdatePassword	Cloud SQL	Updates the Cloud SQL root password

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Configuration

Filter

NOTE: Filters are only supported if using SCC Notifications

Sometimes in your environment, you'll run into a scenario where a finding is a false positive because it is expected in your environment. In this case, we use the Filter Cloud Function to automatically mark findings as false positives in SCC and then set them as INACTIVE so you don't have to alert on them. To filter, we use a common policy language used in other Google Cloud open source called Rego from the good folks at Open Policy Agent.

To add your own Rego files simply add them in ./config/filters. The Cloud Function will pick up any files with the .rego extension except *_test.rego so please also add tests. Each file must have a single "rule" that evaluates to true if the finding should be filtered. For example, let's say in a particular project that is low risk, we want to filter out Bad IP findings that look like a valid NTP request, since many times they are. The rego would look like this:

# filename: ntpd.rego

package sra.filter

ntpd {
	ipcon := input.finding.sourceProperties.properties.ipConnection
	ipcon.destPort == 123
	ipcon.protocol == 17
}

A few notes on the syntax:

1. The package name must be sra.filter and the rule must match the filename (without the extension) since the query the Cloud Function uses is data.sra.filter.<filename-without-extension>
2. Rego's entry point is called "input" so since the finding JSON has a root node of "finding", we'll address it by input.finding and then all the nested fields beneath it.
3. You can think of each line in a block as a boolean condition that is AND'ed together. So below we are asserting the destPort must equal 123 and the protocol must equal 17 (UDP) for this finding to be filtered out. For more on the Rego syntax see: https://godoc.org/github.com/open-policy-agent/opa/rego

Testing Filters

OPA gives you the ability to test your Rego policies against actual JSON. To do this, simply add the Notification JSON structure into the test and make assertions against it. We give an example of this in ./config/filters/false_positive_test.rego. You can run tests yourself after you download OPA by trying the following:

cp config/filters/false_positive.rego.sample config/filters/false_positive.rego
cp config/filters/false_positive_test.rego.sample config/filters/false_positive_test.rego
opa test config/filters

Router

Before installation we'll configure our automations, copy ./config/sra.yaml.sample to ./config/sra.yaml. You can also view a mostly filled out sample configuration file. Within this file we'll define a few steps to get started:

• Which automations should apply to which findings.
• Which projects to target these automations with and which to exclude.
• Whether or not run in monitor mode (dry_run) where changes are only logged and not performed.
• Specify per automation configuration properties.

Every automation has a configuration similar to the following example:

apiVersion: security-response-automation.cloud.google.com/v1alpha1
kind: Remediation
metadata:
  name: router
spec:
  parameters:
    etd:
      anomalous_iam:
        - action: iam_revoke
          target:
            - organizations/1234567891011/folders/424242424242/*
            - organizations/1234567891011/projects/applied-project
          excludes:
            - organizations/1234567891011/folders/424242424242/projects/non-applied-project
            - organizations/1234567891011/folders/424242424242/folders/565656565656/*
          properties:
            dry_run: true
            anomalous_iam:
              allow_domains:
                - foo.com

The first parameter represents the finding provider, sha (Security Health Analytics) or etd (Event Threat Detection).

Each provider lists findings which contain a list of automations to be applied to those findings. In this example we apply the revoke_iam automation to Event Threat Detection's Anomalous IAM Grant finding. For a full list of automations and their supported findings see automations.md.

The target and exclude arrays accepts an ancestry pattern that is compared against the incoming project. The target and exclude patterns are both considered however the excludes takes precedence. The ancestry pattern allows you to specify granularity at the organization, folder and project level.

Pattern	Description
organizations/123	All projects under the organization 123
organizations/123/folders/456/*	Any project in folder 456 in organization 123
organizations/123/folders/456/projects/789	Apply to the project 789 in folder 456 in organization 123
organizations/123/projects/789	Apply to the project 789 in organization 123 that is not within a folder
organizations/123/*/projects/789	Apply to the project 789 in organization 123 regardless if its in a folder or not

All automations have the dry_run property that allow to see what actions would have been taken. This is recommend to confirm the actions taken are as expected. Once you have confirmed this by viewing logs in Cloud Logging you can change this property to false then redeploy the automations.

The allow_domains property is specific to the iam_revoke automation. To see examples of how to configure the other automations see the full documentation.

Configuring permissions

The service account is configured separately within main.tf. Here we inform Terraform which folders we're enforcing so the required roles are automatically granted. You have a few choices for how to configure this step:

• Recommended Specify a list of folder IDs that SRA could grant its service account the necessary roles to. This ensures SRA only has the access it needs at the folders where it's being used. This list will be asked below in the Installation section.
• Grant permissions on your own either per project or at the organizational level.

Installation

Following these instructions will deploy all automations. Before you get started be sure you have the following installed:

• Go version 1.13
• Terraform version >= 0.13

gcloud auth login --update-adc
terraform init
terraform apply

If you don't want to install all automations you can specify certain automations individually by running terraform apply --target module.revoke_iam_grants. The module name for each automation is found in main.tf. Note the module.filter and module.router are required to be installed.

TIP: Instead of entering variables every time you can create terraform.tfvars file and input key value pairs there, i.e. automation-project="aerial-jigsaw-235219".

If at any point you want to revert the changes we've made just run terraform destroy .

Reinstalling a Cloud Function

Terraform will create or destroy everything by default. To redeploy a single Cloud Function you can do:

terraform apply --target module.revoke_iam_grants

Terraform Inputs

Name	Description	Type	Default	Required
automation-project	Project ID where the Cloud Functions should be installed.	string	n/a	yes
enable-scc-notification	If true, create the notification config from SCC instead of Cloud Logging	bool	true	no
findings-project	(Unused if enable-scc-notification is true) Project ID where Event Threat Detection security findings are sent to by the Security Command Center. Configured in the Google Cloud Console in Security > Threat Detection.	string	""	no
folder-ids	Folder IDs on which to grant permission	list(string)	n/a	yes
organization-id	Organization ID.	string	n/a	yes

Logging

Each Cloud Function logs its actions to the below log location. This can be accessed by visiting Cloud Logging and clicking on the arrow on the right hand side then 'Convert to advanced filter'. Then paste in the below filter making sure to change the project ID to the project where your Cloud Functions are installed.

Function	Filter
Filter	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "Filter"
Router	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "Router"
CloseBucket	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "CloseBucket"
CloseCloudSQL	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "CloseCloudSQL"
ClosePublicDataset	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "ClosePublicDataset"
CloudSQLRequireSSL	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "CloudSQLRequireSSL"
DisableDashboard	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "DisableDashboard"
EnableAuditLogs	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "EnableAuditLogs"
EnableBucketOnlyPolicy	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "EnableBucketOnlyPolicy"
IAMRevoke	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "IAMRevoke"
OpenFirewall	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "OpenFirewall"
RemovePublicIP	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "RemovePublicIP"
SnapshotDisk	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "SnapshotDisk"
UpdatePassword	resource.type = "cloud_function" AND resource.labels.function_name = "UpdatePassword"

Development

Tools

Make sure you have installed the following tools for development and test:

• Go 1.13 or higher
• terraform
• opa

For additional tools needed for testing:

make tools

To run the same tests that are run in the Pull Request:

make test