MOS

Introduction 🚀

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MOS is a real-time operating system (RTOS) designed for embedded devices which consists of a preemptive kernel and a command-line shell(both in C++) with optional user application components being ported(e.g., GuiLite and FatFS).

Repository 🌏

• mos-core - The kernel and shell, check here.
• mos-stm32 - Running on STM32 series, check here.
• mos-renode - Running on Renode emulation, check here.

Architecture 🔍

• Click here to view code

.
├── 📁 vendor              // Hardware Abstraction Layer (SPL/HAL/LL/...)
└── 📁 src
    ├── 📁 driver          // Interface Compatibility Layer
    │   ├── 📁 stm32f4xx   // STM32F4xx On-Chip Peripherals (USART, I2C, SPI, ...)
    │   └── 📁 device      // Other Hardware Components (LED, LCD, SD, ...)
    │
    ├── 📁 core
    │   ├── config.h             // System Configuration
    │   ├── 📁 arch              // Architecture Specific
    │   │   └── cpu.hpp          // Init/Context Switch
    │   │
    │   ├── 📁 kernel            // Kernel (Arch Independent)
    │   │   ├── macro.hpp        // Kernel Constants Macros
    │   │   ├── type.hpp         // Basic Types
    │   │   ├── concepts.hpp     // Type Constraints (Optional)
    │   │   ├── data_type.hpp    // Basic Data Structures
    │   │   ├── alloc.hpp        // Memory Management
    │   │   ├── global.hpp       // Kernel Global Variables
    │   │   ├── printf.h/.c      // Thread-Safe printf(*)
    │   │   ├── task.hpp         // Task Control
    │   │   ├── sync.hpp         // Synchronization Primitives
    │   │   ├── scheduler.hpp    // Scheduler
    │   │   ├── ipc.hpp          // Inter-Process Communication
    │   │   └── utils.hpp        // Other Utilities
    │   │
    │   ├── kernel.hpp           // Kernel Module
    │   └── shell.hpp            // Command Line Shell
    │
    ├── 📁 user
    │   ├── 📁 gui               // Graphical System
    │   │   ├── GuiLite.h        // GuiLite Frameworks
    │   │   └── UICode.cpp       // Custom UI
    │   │
    │   ├── global.hpp           // User Global Variables
    │   ├── bsp.hpp              // Board Support Package
    │   ├── app.hpp              // User Tasks
    │   ├── fatfs.hpp            // File System
    │   └── test.hpp             // Test Code
    │
    └── main.cpp                 // System Entry Function

Demo 🍎

Shell Test

Mutex Test(Priority Ceiling Protocol)

LCD Driver & GUI Demo

Concurrent Task Period & Time Sequence

// MOS Kernel & Shell
#include "mos/kernel.hpp"
#include "mos/shell.hpp"

// HAL and Device 
#include "drivers/stm32f4xx/hal.hpp"
#include "drivers/device/led.hpp"

namespace MOS::User::Global
{
    using namespace HAL::STM32F4xx;
    using namespace Driver::Device;
    using namespace DataType;

    // Shell I/O UART and Buffer
    auto& stdio = STM32F4xx::convert(USARTx);
    DataType::SyncRxBuf_t<16> io_buf;

    // LED red, green, blue
    Device::LED_t leds[] = {...};
}

namespace MOS::User::BSP
{
    using namespace Driver;
    using namespace Global;

    void LED_Config()
    {
        for (auto& led: leds) {
            led.init();
        }
    }

    void USART_Config()
    {
        stdio.init(9600-8-1-N)
             .rx_config(PXa)  // RX -> PXa
             .tx_config(PYb)  // TX -> PYb
             .it_enable(RXNE) // Enable RXNE interrupt
             .enable();       // Enable UART
    }
    ...
}

namespace MOS::User::App
{
    Sync::Barrier_t bar {2}; // Set Barrier to sync tasks

    void led1(Device::LED_t leds[])
    {
        bar.wait();
        for (auto _: Range(0, 20)) {
           leds[1].toggle(); // green
           Task::delay(250_ms);
        }
        kprintf(
            "%s exits...\n",
            Task::current()->get_name()
        );
    }

    void led0(Device::LED_t leds[])
    {
        Task::create(
            led1, 
            leds, 
            Task::current()->get_pri(),
            "led1"
        );
        bar.wait();
        while (true) {
            leds[0].toggle(); // red
            Task::delay(500_ms);
        }
    }
    ...
}

int main()
{
    using namespace MOS;
    using namespace Kernel;
    using namespace User;
    using namespace User::Global;

    BSP::config(); // Init hardware and clocks

    Task::create( // Create Calendar with RTC
        App::time_init, nullptr, 0, "time/init"
    );

    Task::create( // Create Shell with buffer
        Shell::launch, &stdio.buf, 1, "shell"
    );

    /* User Tasks */
    Task::create(App::led_init, &leds, 2, "led/init");
    ...

    /* Test examples */
    Test::MutexTest();
    Test::MsgQueueTest();
    ...
    
    // Start scheduling, never return
    Scheduler::launch();
}

Boot Up ⚡

 A_A       _   Version @ x.x.x(...)
o'' )_____//   Build   @ TIME, DATE
 `_/  MOS  )   Chip    @ MCU, ARCH
 (_(_/--(_/    2023-2024 Copyright by Eplankton

 Tid   Name   Priority   Status    Mem%
----------------------------------------
 #0    idle      15      READY      10%
 #1    shell      1      BLOCKED    21%
 #2    led0       2      RUNNING     9%
----------------------------------------

Version 🧾

📦 v0.4

✅ Done：

• Shift to Renode emulation platform, stable support for Cortex-M series
• [Experimental] Add scheduler lock Scheduler::suspend()

📦 v0.3

✅ Done:

• Mapping Tids to BitMap_t
• Message queue IPC::MsgQueue_t
• Task::create allows generic function signatures as void fn(auto argv) with type checker
• Added ESP32-C3 as a WiFi component
• Added Driver::Device::SD_t, SD card driver, porting FatFs file system
• Added Shell::usr_cmds for user-registered commands
• [Experimental] Atomic types <stdatomic.h>
• [Experimental] Utils::IrqGuard_t, nested interrupt critical sections
• [Experimental] Simple formal verification of Scheduler + Mutex

📌 Planned:

• Inter-Process Communication: pipes/channels
• FPU hardware float support
• Performance benchmarking
• Error handling with Result<T, E>, Option<T>
• DMA_t DMA Driver
• Software/hardware timers Timer
• [Experimental] Adding POSIX support
• [Experimental] Asynchronous stackless coroutines Async::{Future_t, async/await}
• [Experimental] More real-time scheduling algorithms

📦 v0.2

✅ Done:

• Synchronization primitives Sync::{Sema_t, Lock_t, Mutex_t<T>, CondVar_t, Barrier_t}
• Scheduler::Policy::PreemptPri with RoundRobin scheduling for same priority levels
• Task::terminate implicitly called upon task exit to reclaim resources
• Simple command-line interaction Shell::{Command, CmdCall, launch}
• HAL::STM32F4xx::SPI_t and Driver::Device::ST7735S_t, porting the GuiLite graphics library
• Blocking delay with Kernel::Global::os_ticks and Task::delay
• Refactored project organization into {kernel, arch, drivers}
• Support for GCC compilation, compatible with STM32Cube HAL
• Real-time calendar HAL::STM32F4xx::RTC_t, CmdCall::date_cmd, App::Calendar
• idle uses Kernel::Global::zombie_list to reclaim inactive pages
• Three basic page allocation policies Page_t::Policy::{POOL, DYNAMIC, STATIC}

📦 v0.1

✅ Done:

• Basic data structures, scheduler, and task control, memory management

📌 Planned:

• Timers, round-robin scheduling
• Inter-Process Communication (IPC), pipes, message queues
• Process synchronization (Sync), semaphores, mutexes
• Porting a simple Shell
• Variable page sizes, memory allocator
• SPI driver, porting GuiLite/LVGL graphics libraries
• Porting to other boards/arch, e.g., ESP32-C3 (RISC-V)

References 🛸

• How to build a Real-Time Operating System(RTOS)
• PeriodicScheduler_Semaphore
• STM32F4-LCD_ST7735s
• A printf/sprintf Implementation for Embedded Systems
• GuiLite
• STMViewer
• FatFs
• The Zephyr Project
• Eclipse ThreadX
• Embassy
• Renode

There's a movie on TV.
Four boys are walking on railroad tracks...
I better go, too.