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@@ -319,9 +319,11 @@ <h1 id="headerTitle">Joyance的博客</h1>
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     let articles = [
         { title: '开启我的个人博客', content: '这是我的第一个个人博客，没有买单独的域名，功能也不齐全（换行的显示还不支持），而且文章是直接存在网页前端程序里的（太简陋了），但是目前应该够用了。 \n\n将来的打算是，这个平台作为我发布我文章的地方。微信公众号和知乎我也会同步跟进。 \n\n但是这个博客与公众号和知乎有什么不同的呢？ \n\n主要是他是我根据我的审美设计的 这样的平台虽然小了，但是却很符合我目前写文章的状态 \n\n也是我的上一次总结里说的，凭借自己的爱好 我是没有盈利的 \n\n当然还有一个原因，有可能其他的平台上我说话有些限制 \n\n在这里就可以发一些我不会在知乎上和公众号上发送的内容 \n\n当然有一些的来源是微信朋友圈 \n\n但是微信朋友圈也有审查（虽然我用的是WeChat账号） 而且传播范围也有限 \n\n所以，博客的计划就这样了 \n\n如果你的编程水平（特别是写网页的）不错 愿意帮我完善这个网站 你可以在“联系”那一栏找到我的微信号和邮箱 \n\n如果你只是单纯的阅读，那也别忘了加个收藏 不然以后就找不到了 （以后肯定会挂域名的，到时候另作通知 \n\n2024/7/26', pinned: true },
+		 { title: '网约车的垄断租', content: '今天坐网约车回家的路上，网约车司机跟我聊了很多网约车对司机的不公的对待，我也由此产生一些想法。这位司机自称是开了五年出租车，又开了七年网约车（具体数字记不清了，大概就是）\n起因是我打车的地方位于经常堵车的地方，上车后司机就开始抱怨导航一定要导到这条路上，称如果可以灵活一点，如果可以让我往前走点，就可以避开前方的拥堵。对于乘客和司机都有益。但是平台的要求就是要根据导航到达目的地才能接送乘客。否则就会遭到平台的相应举措，比如扣钱、封号等。\n接着，他就开始介绍起这个平台。他讲了一个故事。一次，他送一个乘客去很远的地方（他说了去哪，但是我没记住），是他的注册地区以外的地方。送到以后，乘客就通过平台给他付了钱。\n乘客说，乘客付了一百多元，司机可以挣好多钱。但是他又看了他收到的钱，下面写着：平台不抽成，但是收到的就只有六十元左右。他就告诉了乘客，乘客可能也好奇，把手机页面和他的页面比对，发现确实，平台在其中抽了钱，而且还很多。\n于是他就去平台举报，但是平台发下来的不是一个合理的解释，也不是其中相差的钱，而是一份警告。这份警告称，与客户对账，是违反平台规则的行为。他感觉到莫大的不公，于是便向客服反应。可是好不容易等来客服，客服又称他无权透露。\n他说，还有一种情况：他的乘客在车上指了一条与导航不同的路，让他走那条路。而他也不从客户端更改路线。等到到了目的地，乘客就翻脸了，称司机绕了远路，要去投诉。而司机没有办法，因为他也没有按导航的道路走。\n平台最后判，司机却实绕路，扣了他几百元。司机就提起申诉，因为乘客的话驾驶全程都有录音，录音里就可以看出是乘客指的路。但是客服说，要以实际路线和乘客是否更改导航路线为准。如果乘客要换路线，为什么不在客户端换？所以申诉失败。\n我问他，那么你觉得现在的生活好还是以前做出租车的时候好？\n他继续讲，他为什么从出租车转到了网约车。“在一开始，网约车平台的优惠那是高，”他说道，“网约车当时有很多政策支持出租车司机转干网约车司机。”。他继续介绍道。当时的网约车一天挣得钱可高了，比出租车高上很多。但是在那以后，等到出租车已经被网约车基本取代，网约车平台又变得很难接单了，他的生活有越变越差。\n他还说了很多平台不合理的地方，比如只会分配他去接两公里以外的订单，而近在眼前的单子接不了等。（不过这一点他自己也承认，这是为了防止刷单行为）而他对于这一情况的归因是，都是因为资本家的作恶。\n我并不同意这个观点。为什么？\n因为资本家的目的是赚钱，但是他并不能无止境的赚钱。因为员工在他这里工作其实是因为他提供的风险管理。员工不需要花时间考虑一个政策对他的损失。但是如果资本家索取的太多，多余他给予的价值，就会有另一个资本家出现，他就可以用更低的抽成和更高的工资来吸引原来那个资本家的员工。而这样就使得原来的那个资本家的所有员工都流失了。\n所以在自由市场（每个人都可以成为资本家的市场）资本家并不会无止境的压榨员工，而是会在他提供的和员工提供的之间形成一个平衡。其实资本家并不能决定他要的钱的多少，而是员工在别处能得到的最大的收益决定的。\n那么这位网约车司机抱怨的这种情况是如何产生的呢？这就要引入一个概念了：经济租（简称租，rent）。这是什么呢？经济租，是指一个人或组织，因为其稀缺性而产生的额外价值。简单来说，在这个例子里，就是因为竞争对手少，所以每个员工的选择少，所以资本家就可以多从员工手里拿走的收入。他是市场不充分的体现。\n所以有了租，网约车平台就可以比起一开始发展的时候更剥削他的雇员。是什么造成了网约车平台拥有这么大的垄断租呢？于是我查阅了资料，发现了其中的一个点：企业运营网约车有入门门槛。网页车运营平台需要向当地主管部门申请《网络预约出租汽车经营许可证》。这时一点，入门的门槛。可能一些地方不给其他想要运营的平台发行，因为他们收到大平台的贿赂。\n还有一点，因为平台已经产生了规模效应。平台可以通过他的垄断来产生很强的垄断租。因为正如我所说，我使用的高德地图打车，而大家都是用的高德地图。这时一个新的平台就很难在挤进这个市场了。毕竟对于客户来说，换不换平台都没什么区别，而只是对于司机有好处。\n但是哪怕是司机有好处，也可能促成这个新平台，因为司机如果都转用新的平台，那么人们在老平台上用着不方便，也会转用新平台。但是由于司机的错误归因，他们就再也不信任新的平台了，因为他们认为那也是资本家的阴谋。\n从前，有一个小孩，他在山上放着羊。这时，有一天，他感到无聊，就大喊：狼来了。于是人们就都赶来打狼。这时这个小孩却将他们圈起来，收费才能离开。于是大家不情愿的交了费才走。有一天，来了一个新的放羊娃，他真的遇到了狼，就大喊：狼来了！可是一个人也没来，于是他的羊群就没了。人的信任不光会被你自己消耗光，也会被同类的人消耗光。\n2024/7/28', pinned: false },
     ];
     let englishArticles = [
         { title: 'Starting My Personal Blog', content: 'This is my first personal blog. I haven\'t bought a separate domain, and the functionality is not complete (line breaks are not yet supported). The articles are directly stored in the frontend code (it\'s quite rudimentary), but it should be sufficient for now.\n\nMy future plan is to use this platform to publish my articles. I will also synchronize updates on WeChat Official Account and Zhihu.\n\nBut how is this blog different from WeChat Official Account and Zhihu?\n\nMainly, it\'s designed according to my aesthetic preferences. Although this platform is small, it suits my current writing style very well.\n\nAs I mentioned in my previous summary, I\'m not making a profit based on my hobbies.\n\nOf course, there\'s another reason: I might have some restrictions on what I can say on other platforms.\n\nHere, I can post content that I wouldn\'t share on Zhihu or WeChat Official Account.\n\nSome content may come from my WeChat Moments.\n\nHowever, WeChat Moments also has censorship (although I use a WeChat account), and the reach is limited.\n\nSo, this is the plan for the blog.\n\nIf you have good programming skills (especially in web development) and are willing to help me improve this website, you can find my WeChat ID and email in the Contact section.\n\nIf you\'re just here to read, don\'t forget to bookmark the page, or you might not be able to find it later. (I\'ll definitely set up a domain name in the future, and I\'ll make an announcement when that happens.)\n\n2024/7/26', pinned: true },
+		 { title: 'The Monopoly of Chinese Ride-Hailing Services', content: 'Today, on my way home in a ride-hailing car, the driver told me about the unfair treatment they face. This got me thinking. The driver said he drove a taxi for five years and has been a ride-hailing driver for seven years (he wasn\'t sure about the exact numbers).\n\nIt started because I got in the car in a traffic-heavy area. The driver complained that the navigation always directs him to that road. He said if he could be more flexible and let me walk a bit ahead, we could avoid the traffic, benefiting both of us. However, the platform requires following the navigation to the destination; otherwise, he faces penalties like fines or account suspension.\n\nHe then shared a story. Once, he took a passenger to a far place outside his registered area. After the ride, the passenger paid through the platform. The passenger paid over 100 yuan, thinking the driver would earn a lot. However, the driver received only about 60 yuan, despite the platform claiming not to take a cut. When he reported this to the platform, he received a warning instead of an explanation or the missing money. The warning stated that comparing payments with passengers violates platform rules. Feeling this was unfair, he contacted customer service, but they said they couldn’t disclose information.\n\nHe also mentioned another situation where a passenger directed him to take a different route than the navigation. At the destination, the passenger accused him of taking a longer route and threatened to complain. The platform fined the driver hundreds of yuan, despite having a recording of the passenger directing the route. Customer service said the complaint was valid since the route wasn\'t changed in the app.\n\nI asked him if life was better now or when he drove a taxi. He explained why he switched from taxi to ride-hailing. Initially, ride-hailing platforms offered high incentives and policies to attract taxi drivers. He made more money than with a taxi. However, as ride-hailing replaced taxis, it became harder to get orders, and his life worsened.\n\nHe mentioned other unfair platform practices, like being assigned distant orders while missing nearby ones. He attributed this to the platform preventing fraudulent activities. He blamed these issues on greedy capitalists.\n\nI disagreed with him. I believe capitalists aim to make money but can\'t do so endlessly. Employees work for them because they manage risks. If a capitalist takes too much, another will offer better terms, attracting employees. In a free market, capitalists balance what they provide and what employees give. They can\'t set prices arbitrarily; it\'s determined by what employees can get elsewhere.\n\nSo, why does this driver face such issues? It’s due to "economic rent." This means extra value from scarcity. Here, fewer competitors mean fewer choices for workers, allowing capitalists to take more. This shows a market imbalance.\n\nRide-hailing platforms exploit this economic rent more than before. One reason is the entry barrier for operating a ride-hailing service. Platforms need a permit from local authorities, which might be limited due to bribery by big platforms.\n\nAnother reason is the platform\'s scale. It\'s hard for new platforms to compete, as everyone uses established ones like Gaode Map. Even if a new platform benefits drivers, they might not trust it, thinking it\'s another capitalist scheme.\n\nAn old story illustrates this: A boy tending sheep on a hill cried "wolf" for fun, making people come and pay to leave. Later, a new boy faced a real wolf, but no one came, and his sheep were lost. Trust can be wasted not only by oneself but also by others.\n\n2024/7/28', pinned: false },
     ];
 
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