Extend PyType to create metaclasses

newsfragments/4621.added.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Added the ability to extend `PyType` to create metaclasses.

src/impl_/pyclass.rs

@@ -1110,7 +1110,6 @@ impl<T> PyClassThreadChecker<T> for ThreadCheckerImpl {
 }
 
 /// Trait denoting that this class is suitable to be used as a base type for PyClass.
-
 #[cfg_attr(
     all(diagnostic_namespace, Py_LIMITED_API),
     diagnostic::on_unimplemented(

src/type_object.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::{ffi, Bound, Python};
 /// This trait must only be implemented for types which represent valid layouts of Python objects.
 pub unsafe trait PyLayout<T> {}
 
-/// `T: PySizedLayout<U>` represents that `T` is not a instance of
+/// `T: PySizedLayout<U>` represents that `T` is not an instance of
 /// [`PyVarObject`](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/structures.html#c.PyVarObject).
 ///
 /// In addition, that `T` is a concrete representation of `U`.

src/types/typeobject.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ use crate::{ffi, Bound, PyAny, PyTypeInfo, Python};
 
 use super::PyString;
 
+#[cfg(not(Py_LIMITED_API))]
+use super::PyDict;
+
 /// Represents a reference to a Python `type` object.
 ///
 /// Values of this type are accessed via PyO3's smart pointers, e.g. as
@@ -20,6 +23,17 @@ pub struct PyType(PyAny);
 
 pyobject_native_type_core!(PyType, pyobject_native_static_type_object!(ffi::PyType_Type), #checkfunction=ffi::PyType_Check);
 
+#[cfg(not(Py_LIMITED_API))]
+pyobject_native_type_sized!(PyType, ffi::PyHeapTypeObject);
+
+#[cfg(not(Py_LIMITED_API))]
+impl crate::impl_::pyclass::PyClassBaseType for PyType {
+    type LayoutAsBase = crate::impl_::pycell::PyClassObjectBase<ffi::PyHeapTypeObject>;
+    type BaseNativeType = PyType;
+    type Initializer = crate::impl_::pyclass_init::PyNativeTypeInitializer<Self>;
+    type PyClassMutability = crate::pycell::impl_::ImmutableClass;
+}
+
 impl PyType {
     /// Creates a new type object.
     #[inline]
@@ -50,6 +64,29 @@ impl PyType {
             .downcast_unchecked()
             .to_owned()
     }
+
+    /// Creates a new type object (class). The resulting type/class will inherit the given metaclass `T`
+    ///
+    /// Equivalent to calling `type(name, bases, dict, **kwds)`
+    /// <https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type>
+    #[cfg(not(Py_LIMITED_API))]
+    pub fn new_type<'py, T: PyTypeInfo>(
+        py: Python<'py>,
+        args: &Bound<'py, PyTuple>,
+        kwargs: Option<&Bound<'py, PyDict>>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, T>> {
+        let new_fn = unsafe {
+            ffi::PyType_Type
+                .tp_new
+                .expect("PyType_Type.tp_new should be present")
+        };
+        let raw_type = T::type_object_raw(py);
+        let raw_args = args.as_ptr();
+        let raw_kwargs = kwargs.map(|v| v.as_ptr()).unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut());
+        let obj_ptr = unsafe { new_fn(raw_type, raw_args, raw_kwargs) };
+        let borrowed_obj = unsafe { Borrowed::from_ptr_or_err(py, obj_ptr) }?;
+        Ok(borrowed_obj.downcast()?.to_owned())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Implementation of functionality for [`PyType`].
@@ -390,4 +427,40 @@ class OuterClass:
             );
         });
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(all(not(Py_LIMITED_API), feature = "macros"))]
+    fn test_new_type() {
+        use crate::{
+            types::{PyDict, PyList, PyString},
+            IntoPy,
+        };
+
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            let ListType = py.get_type::<PyList>();
+            let name = PyString::new(py, "MyClass");
+            let bases = PyTuple::new(py, [ListType]).unwrap();
+            let dict = PyDict::new(py);
+            dict.set_item("foo", 123_i32.into_py(py)).unwrap();
+            let args = PyTuple::new(py, [name.as_any(), bases.as_any(), dict.as_any()]).unwrap();
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            let MyClass = PyType::new_type::<PyType>(py, &args, None).unwrap();
+
+            assert_eq!(MyClass.name().unwrap(), "MyClass");
+            assert_eq!(MyClass.qualname().unwrap(), "MyClass");
+
+            crate::py_run!(
+                py,
+                MyClass,
+                r#"
+                assert type(MyClass) is type
+                assert MyClass.__bases__ == (list,)
+                assert issubclass(MyClass, list)
+                assert MyClass.foo == 123
+                assert not hasattr(MyClass, "__module__")
+                "#
+            );
+        });
+    }
 }

tests/test_inheritance.rs

@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ fn call_base_and_sub_methods() {
             py,
             obj,
             r#"
-    assert obj.base_method(10) == 100
-    assert obj.sub_method(10) == 50
-"#
+            assert obj.base_method(10) == 100
+            assert obj.sub_method(10) == 50
+            "#
         );
     });
 }
@@ -163,14 +163,14 @@ fn handle_result_in_new() {
             py,
             subclass,
             r#"
-try:
-    subclass(-10)
-    assert Fals
-except ValueError as e:
-    pass
-except Exception as e:
-    raise e
-"#
+            try:
+                subclass(-10)
+                assert Fals
+            except ValueError as e:
+                pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise e
+            "#
         );
     });
 }
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ except Exception as e:
 mod inheriting_native_type {
     use super::*;
     use pyo3::exceptions::PyException;
-    use pyo3::types::PyDict;
+    use pyo3::types::{PyDict, PyTuple};
 
     #[cfg(not(PyPy))]
     #[test]
@@ -300,6 +300,60 @@ mod inheriting_native_type {
             )
         })
     }
+
+    #[cfg(not(Py_LIMITED_API))]
+    #[test]
+    fn inherit_type() {
+        use pyo3::types::PyType;
+
+        #[pyclass(extends=PyType)]
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        struct Metaclass {}
+
+        #[pymethods]
+        impl Metaclass {
+            #[new]
+            #[pyo3(signature = (*args, **kwds))]
+            fn new<'py>(
+                py: Python<'py>,
+                args: &Bound<'py, PyTuple>,
+                kwds: Option<&Bound<'py, PyDict>>,
+            ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, Self>> {
+                let type_object = PyType::new_type::<Metaclass>(py, args, kwds)?;
+                type_object.setattr("some_var", 123)?;
+                Ok(type_object)
+            }
+
+            fn __getitem__(&self, item: u64) -> u64 {
+                item + 1
+            }
+        }
+
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            let Metaclass = py.get_type::<Metaclass>();
+
+            // checking base is `type`
+            py_run!(py, Metaclass, r#"assert Metaclass.__bases__ == (type,)"#);
+
+            // check can be used as a metaclass
+            py_run!(
+                py,
+                Metaclass,
+                r#"
+                class Foo(metaclass=Metaclass):
+                    pass
+                assert type(Foo) is Metaclass
+                assert isinstance(Foo, Metaclass)
+                assert Foo.some_var == 123
+                assert Foo[100] == 101
+                FooDynamic = Metaclass("FooDynamic", (), {})
+                assert FooDynamic.some_var == 123
+                assert FooDynamic[100] == 101
+                "#
+            );
+        });
+    }
 }
 
 #[pyclass(subclass)]