cygthread: suspend thread before terminating.

This addresses an extremely difficult to debug deadlock when running
under emulation on ARM64.

A relatively easy way to trigger this bug is to call `fork()`, then within the
child process immediately call another `fork()` and then `exit()` the
intermediate process.

It would seem that there is a "code emulation" lock on the wait thread at
this stage, and if the thread is terminated too early, that lock still exists
albeit without a thread, and nothing moves forward.

It seems that a `SuspendThread()` combined with a `GetThreadContext()`
(to force the thread to _actually_ be suspended, for more details see
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20150205-00/?p=44743)
makes sure the thread is "booted" from emulation before it is suspended.

Hopefully this means it won't be holding any locks or otherwise leave
emulation in a bad state when the thread is terminated.

Also, attempt to use `CancelSynchonousIo()` (as seen in `flock.cc`) to avoid
the need for `TerminateThread()` altogether.  This doesn't always work,
however, so was not a complete fix for the deadlock issue.

Addresses: https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin-developers/2024-May/012694.html
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Drake <[email protected]>

winsup/cygwin/cygthread.cc

@@ -302,6 +302,20 @@ cygthread::terminate_thread ()
   if (!inuse)
     goto force_notterminated;
 
+  if (_my_tls._ctinfo != this)
+    {
+      CONTEXT context;
+      context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_CONTROL;
+      /* SuspendThread makes sure a thread is "booted" from emulation before
+	 it is suspended.  As such, the emulator hopefully won't be in a bad
+	 state (aka, holding any locks) when the thread is terminated. */
+      SuspendThread (h);
+      /* We need to call GetThreadContext, even though we don't care about the
+	 context, because SuspendThread is asynchronous and GetThreadContext
+	 will make sure the thread is *really* suspended before returning */
+      GetThreadContext (h, &context);
+    }
+
   TerminateThread (h, 0);
   WaitForSingleObject (h, INFINITE);
   CloseHandle (h);

winsup/cygwin/pinfo.cc

@@ -1252,13 +1252,17 @@ proc_waiter (void *arg)
 
   for (;;)
     {
-      DWORD nb;
+      DWORD nb, err;
       char buf = '\0';
 
       if (!ReadFile (vchild.rd_proc_pipe, &buf, 1, &nb, NULL)
-	  && GetLastError () != ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
+	  && (err = GetLastError ()) != ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
 	{
-	  system_printf ("error on read of child wait pipe %p, %E", vchild.rd_proc_pipe);
+	  /* ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED is expected due to the possibility that
+	     CancelSynchronousIo interruped the ReadFile call, so don't output
+	     that error */
+	  if (err != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
+	    system_printf ("error on read of child wait pipe %p, %E", vchild.rd_proc_pipe);
 	  break;
 	}
 

winsup/cygwin/sigproc.cc

@@ -409,7 +409,11 @@ proc_terminate ()
 	     to 1 iff it is a Cygwin process.  */
 	  if (!have_execed || !have_execed_cygwin)
 	    chld_procs[i]->ppid = 1;
-	  if (chld_procs[i].wait_thread)
+	  /* Attempt to exit the wait_thread cleanly via CancelSynchronousIo
+	     before falling back to the (explicitly dangerous) cross-thread
+	     termination */
+	  if (chld_procs[i].wait_thread
+	      && !CancelSynchronousIo (chld_procs[i].wait_thread->thread_handle ()))
 	    chld_procs[i].wait_thread->terminate_thread ();
 	  /* Release memory associated with this process unless it is 'myself'.
 	     'myself' is only in the chld_procs table when we've execed.  We
@@ -1174,7 +1178,11 @@ remove_proc (int ci)
 {
   if (have_execed)
     {
-      if (_my_tls._ctinfo != chld_procs[ci].wait_thread)
+      /* Attempt to exit the wait_thread cleanly via CancelSynchronousIo
+	 before falling back to the (explicitly dangerous) cross-thread
+	 termination */
+      if (_my_tls._ctinfo != chld_procs[ci].wait_thread
+	  && !CancelSynchronousIo (chld_procs[ci].wait_thread->thread_handle ()))
 	chld_procs[ci].wait_thread->terminate_thread ();
     }
   else if (chld_procs[ci] && chld_procs[ci]->exists ())