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# GEKPLS Function | ||
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Gradient Enhanced Kriging with Partial Least Squares Method (GEKPLS) is a surrogate modelling technique that brings down computation time and returns improved accuracy for high-dimensional problems. The Julia implementation of GEKPLS is adapted from the Python version by [SMT](https://github.com/SMTorg) which is based on this [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.02663.pdf). | ||
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# Modifications for Improved GEKPLS Function: | ||
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To enhance the GEKPLS function, sampling method was changed from ```SobolSample()``` to ```HaltonSample()```. | ||
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```@example gekpls_water_flow | ||
using Surrogates | ||
using Zygote | ||
function water_flow(x) | ||
r_w = x[1] | ||
r = x[2] | ||
T_u = x[3] | ||
H_u = x[4] | ||
T_l = x[5] | ||
H_l = x[6] | ||
L = x[7] | ||
K_w = x[8] | ||
log_val = log(r/r_w) | ||
return (2*pi*T_u*(H_u - H_l))/ ( log_val*(1 + (2*L*T_u/(log_val*r_w^2*K_w)) + T_u/T_l)) | ||
end | ||
n = 1000 | ||
lb = [0.05,100,63070,990,63.1,700,1120,9855] | ||
ub = [0.15,50000,115600,1110,116,820,1680,12045] | ||
x = sample(n,lb,ub,HaltonSample()) | ||
grads = gradient.(water_flow, x) | ||
y = water_flow.(x) | ||
n_test = 100 | ||
x_test = sample(n_test,lb,ub,GoldenSample()) | ||
y_true = water_flow.(x_test) | ||
n_comp = 2 | ||
delta_x = 0.0001 | ||
extra_points = 2 | ||
initial_theta = [0.01 for i in 1:n_comp] | ||
g = GEKPLS(x, y, grads, n_comp, delta_x, lb, ub, extra_points, initial_theta) | ||
y_pred = g.(x_test) | ||
rmse = sqrt(sum(((y_pred - y_true).^2)/n_test)) #root mean squared error | ||
println(rmse) #0.0347 | ||
``` | ||
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<br> | ||
<br> | ||
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| **Sampling Method** | **RMSE** | **Differences** | | ||
|----------------------|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | ||
| **Sobol Sampling** | 0.021472963465423097 | Utilizes digital nets to generate quasi-random numbers, offering low-discrepancy points for improved coverage. - Requires careful handling, especially in higher dimensions. | | ||
| **Halton Sampling** | 0.02144270998045834 | Uses a deterministic sequence based on prime numbers to generate points, allowing for quasi-random, low-discrepancy sampling. - Simpler to implement but may exhibit correlations in some dimensions affecting coverage. | | ||
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