Implement select.

Add a `select` function, defined only on platforms where it doesn't
have an `FD_SETSIZE` limitation.

src/backend/libc/event/syscalls.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ use crate::event::port::Event;
     target_os = "espidf"
 ))]
 use crate::event::EventfdFlags;
+#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike, target_os = "netbsd"))]
+use crate::event::FdSetElement;
 use crate::event::PollFd;
 use crate::io;
 #[cfg(solarish)]
@@ -125,6 +127,58 @@ pub(crate) fn poll(fds: &mut [PollFd<'_>], timeout: c::c_int) -> io::Result<usiz
         .map(|nready| nready as usize)
 }
 
+#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike, target_os = "netbsd"))]
+pub(crate) unsafe fn select(
+    nfds: i32,
+    readfds: *mut FdSetElement,
+    writefds: *mut FdSetElement,
+    exceptfds: *mut FdSetElement,
+    timeout: Option<&crate::timespec::Timespec>,
+) -> io::Result<i32> {
+    let timeout_data;
+    let timeout_ptr = match timeout {
+        Some(timeout) => {
+            // Convert from `Timespec` to `c::timeval`.
+            timeout_data = c::timeval {
+                tv_sec: timeout.tv_sec,
+                tv_usec: ((timeout.tv_nsec + 999) / 1000) as _,
+            };
+            &timeout_data
+        }
+        None => core::ptr::null(),
+    };
+
+    // On Apple platforms, use the specially mangled `select` which doesn't
+    // have an `FD_SETSIZE` limitation.
+    #[cfg(apple)]
+    {
+        extern "C" {
+            #[link_name = "_select$DARWIN_EXTSN$NOCANCEL"]
+            fn select(
+                nfds: c::c_int,
+                readfds: *mut FdSetElement,
+                writefds: *mut FdSetElement,
+                errorfds: *mut FdSetElement,
+                timeout: *const c::timeval,
+            ) -> c::c_int;
+        }
+
+        ret_c_int(select(nfds, readfds, writefds, exceptfds, timeout_ptr))
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise just use the normal `select`.
+    #[cfg(not(apple))]
+    {
+        ret_c_int(c::select(
+            nfds,
+            readfds.cast(),
+            writefds.cast(),
+            exceptfds.cast(),
+            timeout_ptr.cast_mut(),
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(solarish)]
 pub(crate) fn port_create() -> io::Result<OwnedFd> {
     unsafe { ret_owned_fd(c::port_create()) }

src/event/mod.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ mod pause;
 mod poll;
 #[cfg(solarish)]
 pub mod port;
+#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike, target_os = "netbsd"))]
+mod select;
 
 #[cfg(any(
     linux_kernel,
@@ -27,3 +29,5 @@ pub use eventfd::{eventfd, EventfdFlags};
 #[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi")))]
 pub use pause::*;
 pub use poll::{poll, PollFd, PollFlags};
+#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike, target_os = "netbsd"))]
+pub use select::{select, FdSetElement, Timespec};

src/event/poll.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::{backend, io};
 
 pub use backend::event::poll_fd::{PollFd, PollFlags};
 
-/// `poll(self.fds, timeout)`
+/// `poll(self.fds, timeout)`—Wait for events on lists of file descriptors.
 ///
 /// # References
 ///  - [Beej's Guide to Network Programming]

src/event/select.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use crate::{backend, io};
+
+pub use crate::timespec::Timespec;
+
+/// Bitfield array element type for use with [`select`].
+#[cfg(all(
+    target_pointer_width = "64",
+    any(target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "dragonfly")
+))]
+pub type FdSetElement = i64;
+
+/// Bitfield array element type for use with [`select`].
+#[cfg(not(all(
+    target_pointer_width = "64",
+    any(target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "dragonfly")
+)))]
+pub type FdSetElement = i32;
+
+/// `select(nfds, readfds, writefds, exceptfds, timeout)`—Wait for events on
+/// sets of file descriptors.
+///
+/// This `select` wrapper differs from POSIX in that `nfds` is not limited to
+/// `FD_SETSIZE`. Instead of using the opaque fixed-sized `fd_set` type, this
+/// function takes raw pointers to arrays of `nfds / size_of::<FdSetElement>()`
+/// elements of type `FdSetElement`.
+///
+/// In particular, on Apple platforms, it behaves as if
+/// `_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT` were predefined. And on Linux platforms, it is
+/// not defined because Linux's `select` always has an `FD_SETSIZE` limitation.
+/// On Linux, it is recommended to use [`poll`] instead.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// `readfds`, `writefds`, `exceptfds` must point to arrays of `FdSetElement`
+/// containing at least `nfds.div_ceil(size_of::<FdSetElement>())` elements.
+///
+/// # References
+///  - [POSIX]
+///  - [Apple]
+///  - [FreeBSD]
+///  - [NetBSD]
+///  - [DragonFly BSD]
+///
+///  [POSIX]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/functions/select.html
+///  [Apple]: https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man2/select.2.html
+///  [FreeBSD]: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=select&sektion=2
+///  [NetBSD]: https://man.netbsd.org/select.2
+///  [DragonFly BSD]: https://man.dragonflybsd.org/?command=select&section=2
+pub unsafe fn select(
+    nfds: i32,
+    readfds: *mut FdSetElement,
+    writefds: *mut FdSetElement,
+    exceptfds: *mut FdSetElement,
+    timeout: Option<&Timespec>,
+) -> io::Result<i32> {
+    backend::event::syscalls::select(nfds, readfds, writefds, exceptfds, timeout)
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
 //!  - Provide y2038 compatibility, on platforms which support this.
 //!  - Correct selected platform bugs, such as behavioral differences when
 //!    running under seccomp.
+//!  - Use `timespec` for timestamps instead of `timeval`.
 //!
 //! Things they don't do include:
 //!  - Detecting whether functions are supported at runtime, except in specific
@@ -362,6 +363,7 @@ mod signal;
     feature = "runtime",
     feature = "thread",
     feature = "time",
+    all(feature = "event", any(apple, freebsdlike, target_os = "netbsd")),
     all(
         linux_raw,
         not(feature = "use-libc-auxv"),

tests/event/main.rs

@@ -10,3 +10,5 @@ mod epoll;
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "wasi"))]
 mod eventfd;
 mod poll;
+#[cfg(any(apple, freebsdlike, target_os = "netbsd"))]
+mod select;

tests/event/select.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "pipe")]
+use {
+    rustix::event::{select, FdSetElement},
+    rustix::fd::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd},
+    rustix::io::retry_on_intr,
+    std::cmp::max,
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "pipe")]
+#[test]
+fn test_select() {
+    use core::mem::size_of;
+    use core::ptr::null_mut;
+    use rustix::event::Timespec;
+    use rustix::io::{read, write};
+    use rustix::pipe::pipe;
+
+    // The number of bits in an `fd_set` element.
+    const BITS: usize = size_of::<FdSetElement>() * 8;
+
+    // Create a pipe.
+    let (reader, writer) = pipe().unwrap();
+    let nfds = max(reader.as_raw_fd(), writer.as_raw_fd()) + 1;
+
+    // `select` should say there's nothing ready to be read from the pipe.
+    let mut readfds = vec![0 as FdSetElement; nfds as usize];
+    readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS] |= 1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS);
+    let num = retry_on_intr(|| unsafe {
+        select(
+            nfds,
+            readfds.as_mut_ptr(),
+            null_mut(),
+            null_mut(),
+            Some(&Timespec {
+                tv_sec: 0,
+                tv_nsec: 0,
+            }),
+        )
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS], 0);
+
+    // Write a byte to the pipe.
+    assert_eq!(retry_on_intr(|| write(&writer, b"a")).unwrap(), 1);
+
+    // `select` should now say there's data to be read.
+    let mut readfds = vec![0 as FdSetElement; nfds as usize];
+    readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS] |= 1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS);
+    let num = retry_on_intr(|| unsafe {
+        select(nfds, readfds.as_mut_ptr(), null_mut(), null_mut(), None)
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(num, 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS],
+        1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS)
+    );
+
+    // Read the byte from the pipe.
+    let mut buf = [b'\0'];
+    assert_eq!(retry_on_intr(|| read(&reader, &mut buf)).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buf[0], b'a');
+
+    // Select should now say there's no more data to be read.
+    readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS] |= 1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS);
+    let num = retry_on_intr(|| unsafe {
+        select(
+            nfds,
+            readfds.as_mut_ptr(),
+            null_mut(),
+            null_mut(),
+            Some(&Timespec {
+                tv_sec: 0,
+                tv_nsec: 0,
+            }),
+        )
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS], 0);
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "pipe")]
+#[test]
+fn test_select_with_great_fds() {
+    use core::cmp::max;
+    use core::mem::size_of;
+    use core::ptr::null_mut;
+    use rustix::event::select;
+    use rustix::event::Timespec;
+    use rustix::io::{read, write};
+    use rustix::pipe::pipe;
+    use rustix::process::{getrlimit, setrlimit, Resource};
+
+    // The number of bits in an `fd_set` element.
+    const BITS: usize = size_of::<FdSetElement>() * 8;
+
+    // Create a pipe.
+    let (reader, writer) = pipe().unwrap();
+
+    // Raise the file descriptor limit so that we can test fds above
+    // `FD_SETSIZE`.
+    let orig_rlimit = getrlimit(Resource::Nofile);
+    let mut rlimit = orig_rlimit;
+    if let Some(current) = rlimit.current {
+        rlimit.current = Some(max(current, libc::FD_SETSIZE as u64 + 2));
+    }
+    setrlimit(Resource::Nofile, rlimit).unwrap();
+
+    // Create a fd at `FD_SETSIZE + 1` out of thin air. Use `libc` instead
+    // of `OwnedFd::from_raw_fd` because grabbing a fd out of thin air
+    // violates Rust's concept of I/O safety (and wouldn't make sense to do
+    // in anything other than a test like this).
+    let great_fd = unsafe { libc::dup2(reader.as_raw_fd(), libc::FD_SETSIZE as RawFd + 1) };
+    let reader = unsafe { OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(great_fd) };
+
+    let nfds = max(reader.as_raw_fd(), writer.as_raw_fd()) + 1;
+
+    // `select` should say there's nothing ready to be read from the pipe.
+    let mut readfds = vec![0 as FdSetElement; nfds as usize];
+    readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS] |= 1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS);
+    let num = retry_on_intr(|| unsafe {
+        select(
+            nfds,
+            readfds.as_mut_ptr(),
+            null_mut(),
+            null_mut(),
+            Some(&Timespec {
+                tv_sec: 0,
+                tv_nsec: 0,
+            }),
+        )
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS], 0);
+
+    // Write a byte to the pipe.
+    assert_eq!(retry_on_intr(|| write(&writer, b"a")).unwrap(), 1);
+
+    // `select` should now say there's data to be read.
+    let mut readfds = vec![0 as FdSetElement; nfds as usize];
+    readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS] |= 1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS);
+    let num = retry_on_intr(|| unsafe {
+        select(nfds, readfds.as_mut_ptr(), null_mut(), null_mut(), None)
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(num, 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS],
+        1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS)
+    );
+
+    // Read the byte from the pipe.
+    let mut buf = [b'\0'];
+    assert_eq!(retry_on_intr(|| read(&reader, &mut buf)).unwrap(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(buf[0], b'a');
+
+    // Select should now say there's no more data to be read.
+    readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS] |= 1 << (reader.as_raw_fd() as usize % BITS);
+    let num = retry_on_intr(|| unsafe {
+        select(
+            nfds,
+            readfds.as_mut_ptr(),
+            null_mut(),
+            null_mut(),
+            Some(&Timespec {
+                tv_sec: 0,
+                tv_nsec: 0,
+            }),
+        )
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(num, 0);
+    assert_eq!(readfds[reader.as_raw_fd() as usize / BITS], 0);
+
+    // Reset the process limit.
+    setrlimit(Resource::Nofile, orig_rlimit).unwrap();
+}