Django React Boilerplate

About

A Django project boilerplate/template with lots of state of the art libraries and tools like:

• React, for building interactive UIs
• Poetry, for managing the environment and its dependencies otherwise, is better than pip or conda.
• django-js-reverse, for generating URLs on JS
• React Bootstrap, for responsive styling
• Webpack, for bundling static assets
• Celery, for background worker tasks
• WhiteNoise with brotlipy, for efficient static files serving
• prospector and ESLint with pre-commit for automated quality assurance (does not replace proper testing!)

For continuous integration, a Github Action configuration .github/workflows/main.yml is included.

Also, includes a Render.com render.yaml and a working Django production.py settings, enabling easy deployments with 'Deploy to Render' button. The render.yaml includes the following:

• PostgreSQL, for DB
• Redis, for Celery

This is a good starting point for modern Python/JavaScript web projects.

Project bootstrap

• Make sure you have Python 3.11 installed
• Install Django with pip install django, to have the django-admin command available.
• Open the command line and go to the directory you want to start your project in.
• Start your project using:

  django-admin startproject theprojectname --extension py,yml,json --name Procfile,Dockerfile,docker-compose.yml,README.md,.env.example,.gitignore,Makefile,render.yaml --template=https://github.com/vintasoftware/django-react-boilerplate/archive/boilerplate-release.zip
  

  Alternatively, you may start the project in the current directory by placing a . right after the project name, using the following command:

  django-admin startproject theprojectname . --extension py,yml,json --name Procfile,Dockerfile,docker-compose.yml,README.md,.env.example,.gitignore,Makefile,render.yaml --template=https://github.com/vintasoftware/django-react-boilerplate/archive/boilerplate-release.zip
  

In the next steps, always remember to replace theprojectname with your project's name

• Above: don't forget the --extension and --name params!
• Change the first line of README to the name of the project
• Add an email address to the ADMINS settings variable in TURTLE/backend/TURTLE/settings/base.py
• Change the SERVER_EMAIL to the email address used to send e-mails in TURTLE/backend/TURTLE/settings/production.py

After completing ALL of the above, remove this Project bootstrap section from the project README. Then follow Running below.

Running

Tools

• Setup editorconfig, prospector and ESLint in the text editor you will use to develop.

Setup

• Inside the backend folder, do the following:
  • Create a copy of TURTLE/settings/local.py.example:
    cp TURTLE/settings/local.py.example TURTLE/settings/local.py
  • Create a copy of .env.example: cp .env.example .env

If you are using Docker:

• Open the /backend/.env file on a text editor and uncomment the line DATABASE_URL=postgres://TURTLE:password@db:5432/TURTLE
• Open a new command line window and go to the project's directory
• Run the initial setup: make docker_setup
• Create the migrations for users app:
  make docker_makemigrations
• Run the migrations: make docker_migrate
• Run the project: make docker_up
• Access http://localhost:8000 on your browser and the project should be running there
  • When you run make docker_up, some containers are spinned up (frontend, backend, database, etc) and each one will be running on a different port
  • The container with the React app uses port 3000. However, if you try accessing it on your browser, the app won't appear there and you'll probably see a blank page with the "Cannot GET /" error
  • This happens because the container responsible for displaying the whole application is the Django app one (running on port 8000). The frontend container is responsible for providing a bundle with its assets for django-webpack-loader to consume and render them on a Django template
• To access the logs for each service, run: make docker_logs <service name> (either backend, frontend, etc)
• To stop the project, run: make docker_down

Adding new dependencies

• Open a new command line window and go to the project's directory
• Update the dependencies management files by performing any number of the following steps:
  • To add a new frontend dependency, run npm install <package name> --save

    The above command will update your package.json, but won't make the change effective inside the container yet

  • To add a new backend dependency, run docker compose run backend --rm bash to open an interactive shell and then run poetry add {dependency} to add the dependency. If the dependency should be only available for development user append -G dev to the command.
  • After updating the desired file(s), run make docker_update_dependencies to update the containers with the new dependencies

  The above command will stop and re-build the containers in order to make the new dependencies effective

If you are not using Docker:

Setup and run the frontend app

• Open a new command line window and go to the project's directory
• npm install
• npm run start
  • This is used to serve the frontend assets to be consumed by django-webpack-loader and not to run the React application as usual, so don't worry if you try to check what's running on port 3000 and see an error on your browser

Setup the backend app

• Open the /backend/.env file on a text editor and do one of the following:
  • If you wish to use SQLite locally, uncomment the line DATABASE_URL=sqlite:///backend/db.sqlite3
  • If you wish to use PostgreSQL locally, uncomment and edit the line DATABASE_URL=postgres://TURTLE:password@db:5432/TURTLE in order to make it correctly point to your database URL
    • The url format is the following: postgres://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME
  • If you wish to use another database engine locally, add a new DATABASE_URL setting for the database you wish to use
    • Please refer to dj-database-url on how to configure DATABASE_URL for commonly used engines
• Open a new command line window and go to the project's directory
• run poetry install

Run the backend app

• With the virtualenv enabled, go to the backend directory
• Create the migrations for users app: poetry run python manage.py makemigrations
• Run the migrations: poetry run python manage.py migrate
• Run the project: poetry run python manage.py runserver
• Open a browser and go to http://localhost:8000 to see the project running

Setup Celery

• poetry run python manage.py celery

Mailhog

• For development, we use Mailhog to test our e-mail workflows, since it allows us to inspect the messages to validate they're correctly built
  • Docker users already have it setup and running once they start the project
  • For non-Docker users, please have a look here for instructions on how to setup Mailhog on specific environments

The project expects Mailhog SMTP server to be running on port 1025, you may alter that by changing EMAIL_PORT on settings

Testing

make test

Will run django tests using --keepdb and --parallel. You may pass a path to the desired test module in the make command. E.g.:

make test someapp.tests.test_views

Adding new pypi libs

To add a new backend dependency, run poetry add {dependency}. If the dependency should be only available for development user append -G dev to the command.

Github Actions

To enable Continuous Integration through Github Actions, we provide a proj_main.yml file. To connect it to Github you need to rename it to main.yml and move it to the .github/workflows/ directory.

You can do it with the following commands:

mkdir -p .github/workflows
mv proj_main.yml .github/workflows/main.yml

Deployment

Setup

This project comes with an render.yaml file, which can be used to create an app on Render.com from a GitHub repository.

Before deploying, please make sure you've generated an up-to-date poetry.lock file containing the Python dependencies. This is necessary even if you've used Docker for local runs. Do so by following these instructions.

After setting up the project, you can init a repository and push it on GitHub. If your repository is public, you can use the following button:

If you are in a private repository, access the following link replacing $YOUR_REPOSITORY_LINK$ with your repository link.

• https://render.com/deploy?repo=$YOUR_REPOSITORY_LINK$

Remember to fill the ALLOWED_HOSTS with the URL of your app, the default on Render.com is appname.onrender.com. Replace appname with your Render.com app name.

Configuring Celery

As there aren't free plans for Workers in Render.com, the configuration for Celery workers/beat will be commented by default in the render.yaml. This means celery won't be available by default.

Uncommenting the worker configuration lines on render.yaml will imply in costs.

SendGrid

To enable sending emails from your application you'll need to have a valid SendGrid account and also a valid verified sender identity. After finishing the validation process you'll be able to generate the API credentials and define the SENDGRID_USERNAME and SENDGRID_PASSWORD envvars on Render.com.

These variables are required for your application to work on Render.com since it's pre-configured to automatically email admins when the application is unable to handle errors gracefully.

Sentry

Sentry is already set up on the project. For production, add SENTRY_DSN environment variable on Render.com, with your Sentry DSN as the value.

You can test your Sentry configuration by deploying the boilerplate with the sample page and clicking on the corresponding button.

Sentry source maps for JS files

The render_build.sh script has a step to push Javascript source maps to Sentry, however some environment variables need to be set on Render.com.

The environment variables that need to be set are:

• SENTRY_ORG - Name of the Sentry Organization that owns your Sentry Project.
• SENTRY_PROJECT_NAME - Name of the Sentry Project.
• SENTRY_API_KEY - Sentry API key that needs to be generated on Sentry. You can find or create authentication tokens within Sentry.

After enabling dyno metadata and setting the environment variables, your next Render.com Deploys will create a release on Sentry where the release name is the commit SHA, and it will push the source maps to it.

Linting

• Manually with poetry run prospector and npm run lint on project root.
• During development with an editor compatible with prospector and ESLint.

Pre-commit hooks

• Run poetry run pre-commit install to enable the hook into your git repo. The hook will run automatically for each commit.
• Run git commit -m "Your message" -n to skip the hook if you need.

Opinionated Settings

Some settings defaults were decided based on Vinta's experiences. Here's the rationale behind them:

CELERY_ACKS_LATE = True

We believe Celery tasks should be idempotent. So for us it's safe to set CELERY_ACKS_LATE = True to ensure tasks will be re-queued after a worker failure. Check Celery docs on "Should I use retry or acks_late?" for more info.

Features Catalogue

Frontend

• react for building interactive UIs
• react-dom for rendering the UI
• react-router for page navigation
• webpack for bundling static assets
• webpack-bundle-tracker for providing the bundled assets to Django
• Styling
  • bootstrap for providing responsive stylesheets
  • react-bootstrap for providing components built on top of Bootstrap CSS without using plugins
  • sass for providing compatibility with SCSS files
• State management and backend integration
  • axios for performing asynchronous calls
  • cookie for easy integration with Django using the csrftoken cookie
  • @reduxjs/toolkit for easy state management across the application with the whole toolkit including devtools for inspecting and debugging Redux via browser and ability to run thunks for interacting with the Redux store through asynchronous logic
  • connected-react-router for integrating Redux with React Router
  • history for providing browser history to Connected React Router
  • react-redux for integrating React with Redux
  • Utilities
  • lodash for general utility functions
  • classnames for easy working with complex CSS class names on components
  • prop-types for improving QoL while developing providing basic type-checking for React props
  • react-refresh for improving QoL while developing through automatic browser refreshing

Backend

• django for building backend logic using Python
• djangorestframework for building a REST API on top of Django
• django-webpack-loader for rendering the bundled frontend assets
• django-js-reverse for easy handling of Django URLs on JS
• psycopg2 for using PostgreSQL database
• sentry-sdk for error monitoring
• python-decouple for reading environment variables on settings files
• celery for background worker tasks
• django-debreach for additional protection against BREACH attack
• whitenoise and brotlipy for serving static assets