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Attach VM root volumes as disk devices #14532

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@MggMuggins MggMuggins commented Nov 26, 2024

Includes commits from #14491

This PR enables attaching a virtual machine's root storage volume to another virtual machine via a disk device:

# vm2 yaml
...
devices:
  v1-root:
    type: disk
    pool: default
    source: virtual-machine/vm1

This has some constraints because simultaneous access to storage volumes with content-type block is unsafe:

  • vm1's root volume can be attached to exactly one other instance if vm1 has security.protection.start: true
  • vm1's root volume can be attached to any number of other instances if the storage volume virtual-machine/vm1 has security.shared: true

security.protection.start is recommended for interactive use; e.g. a user temporarily needs to access a bricked machine's root volume to fix it or recover data. security.shared can be used if more than one running instance must have access to the block volume.

TODO

  • Docs
  • lxd-ci tests to validate attachments to running VMs.
  • Bootorder bug (see comment)

@github-actions github-actions bot added the Documentation Documentation needs updating label Nov 26, 2024
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MggMuggins commented Nov 26, 2024

Currently when booting a VM with two root disk devices attached, the kernel chooses which partitions to mount at /boot/efi, /boot and / seemingly at random. I've seen it pick the correct disk for all three partitions, the incorrect disk for all three partitions, and any combination of the three:

# lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda       8:0    0   10G  0 disk
├─sda1    8:1    0    9G  0 part /
├─sda14   8:14   0    4M  0 part
├─sda15   8:15   0  106M  0 part
└─sda16 259:0    0  913M  0 part
sdb       8:16   0   10G  0 disk
├─sdb1    8:17   0    9G  0 part
├─sdb14   8:30   0    4M  0 part
├─sdb15   8:31   0  106M  0 part /boot/efi
└─sdb16 259:1    0  913M  0 part /boot

# lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda       8:0    0   10G  0 disk
├─sda1    8:1    0    9G  0 part /
├─sda14   8:14   0    4M  0 part
├─sda15   8:15   0  106M  0 part
└─sda16 259:0    0  913M  0 part /boot
sdb       8:16   0   10G  0 disk
├─sdb1    8:17   0  2.1G  0 part
├─sdb14   8:30   0    4M  0 part
└─sdb15   8:31   0  106M  0 part /boot/efi

# lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda       8:0    0   10G  0 disk
├─sda1    8:1    0    9G  0 part
├─sda14   8:14   0    4M  0 part
├─sda15   8:15   0  106M  0 part
└─sda16 259:1    0  913M  0 part
sdb       8:16   0   10G  0 disk
├─sdb1    8:17   0    9G  0 part /
├─sdb14   8:30   0    4M  0 part
├─sdb15   8:31   0  106M  0 part /boot/efi
└─sdb16 259:0    0  913M  0 part /boot

# lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda       8:0    0   10G  0 disk
├─sda1    8:1    0    9G  0 part
├─sda14   8:14   0    4M  0 part
├─sda15   8:15   0  106M  0 part /boot/efi
└─sda16 259:1    0  913M  0 part
sdb       8:16   0   10G  0 disk
├─sdb1    8:17   0    9G  0 part /
├─sdb14   8:30   0    4M  0 part
├─sdb15   8:31   0  106M  0 part
└─sdb16 259:0    0  913M  0 part /boot

Still investigating the cause.

EDIT: The above scenarios all occurred with ubuntu:noble

@MggMuggins MggMuggins force-pushed the jira-2160/attach-vm-root-as-disk branch from 1a573ed to 679879e Compare November 26, 2024 20:38
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MggMuggins commented Nov 26, 2024

A little more info on the bootorder bug; this is worse than I thought. When two VMs are launched from the same cloud image, the UUIDs for the filesystems and partitions are all the same:

root@vm1:~# efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0007,0001,0003,0004,0005,0006,0000,0002
Boot0000* UiApp	FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(462caa21-7614-4503-836e-8ab6f4662331)
Boot0001* UEFI QEMU QEMU HARDDISK 	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x1)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/SCSI(0,1)N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0002* EFI Internal Shell	FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(7c04a583-9e3e-4f1c-ad65-e05268d0b4d1)
Boot0003* UEFI PXEv4 (MAC:00163EF03AE4)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ef03ae4,1)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0004* UEFI PXEv6 (MAC:00163EF03AE4)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ef03ae4,1)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0005* UEFI HTTPv4 (MAC:00163EF03AE4)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ef03ae4,1)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)/Uri()N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0006* UEFI HTTPv6 (MAC:00163EF03AE4)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ef03ae4,1)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)/Uri()N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0007* ubuntu	HD(15,GPT,6714cd0e-2211-4b5f-8daa-341fcbae2865,0x2800,0x35000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)
root@vm1:~# blkid
/dev/sda15: LABEL_FATBOOT="UEFI" LABEL="UEFI" UUID="F1D8-37B4" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="6714cd0e-2211-4b5f-8daa-341fcbae2865"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="cloudimg-rootfs" UUID="fec1c9ae-0df3-419c-80dd-f3035049b845" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="40c8f90e-558a-4475-b818-ec6e9e5d02fb"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda14: PARTUUID="69646288-a3aa-469f-96fc-0782de904d84"
root@vm2:~# efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0007,0001,0003,0004,0005,0006,0000,0002
Boot0000* UiApp	FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(462caa21-7614-4503-836e-8ab6f4662331)
Boot0001* UEFI QEMU QEMU HARDDISK 	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x1)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/SCSI(0,1)N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0002* EFI Internal Shell	FvVol(7cb8bdc9-f8eb-4f34-aaea-3ee4af6516a1)/FvFile(7c04a583-9e3e-4f1c-ad65-e05268d0b4d1)
Boot0003* UEFI PXEv4 (MAC:00163EA0318E)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ea0318e,1)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0004* UEFI PXEv6 (MAC:00163EA0318E)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ea0318e,1)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0005* UEFI HTTPv4 (MAC:00163EA0318E)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ea0318e,1)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)/Uri()N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0006* UEFI HTTPv6 (MAC:00163EA0318E)	PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x4)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(00163ea0318e,1)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)/Uri()N.....YM....R,Y.
Boot0007* ubuntu	HD(15,GPT,6714cd0e-2211-4b5f-8daa-341fcbae2865,0x2800,0x35000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi)
root@vm2:~# blkid
/dev/sda15: LABEL_FATBOOT="UEFI" LABEL="UEFI" UUID="F1D8-37B4" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="6714cd0e-2211-4b5f-8daa-341fcbae2865"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="cloudimg-rootfs" UUID="fec1c9ae-0df3-419c-80dd-f3035049b845" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="40c8f90e-558a-4475-b818-ec6e9e5d02fb"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda14: PARTUUID="69646288-a3aa-469f-96fc-0782de904d84"

The UUID for the root filesystem is passed via kernel cmdline in Jammy:

# cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1067-kvm root=PARTUUID=40c8f90e-558a-4475-b818-ec6e9e5d02fb ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0

But ubuntu:noble images use the partition label instead of the UUID:

# cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.8.0-49-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0

TL;DR, VM root volume attachment as implemented here is only safe between machines deployed using different cloud images, using Jammy or older as the recovery machine. Working on figuring out how(/if) the public clouds get around this.

@MggMuggins MggMuggins force-pushed the jira-2160/attach-vm-root-as-disk branch from 679879e to 0c3707d Compare November 27, 2024 22:01
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MggMuggins commented Nov 28, 2024

Done some more reading:

  • Openstack VMs behave exactly the same as LXD; two VMs created from the same image have the same partition/fs UUIDs. OpenStack doesn't support removing boot disks from instances at all; there is a spec and part of an implementation that was abandoned in 2018
  • I haven't looked super hard at GCP but the docs are pretty thin on attaching boot disks to other instances; this implies that an instance can only have one boot disk at a time. Unclear if "boot disk" is an immutable feature of disk devices or something else; I have little/no experience with GCP.
  • The workaround documented in the AWS docs is likely to work for the root device. It looks to me like the EFI boot entries in the instance's NVRAM use the UUID of /boot/efi, so changing labels will only force the kernel to select the correct root partition. I'm not sure that this is super viable, since one of the primary use cases for this feature is "the kernel is broken and the system won't boot" and the kernel executable is stored in /boot/efi.

I need to do some more reading on how we control the UEFI boot entries in LXD. More Friday.

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In OpenStack, the procedure for getting access to another VM's root volume is to create an image from the VM, a volume from the image, and then mount the volume on another VM:

os server image create --name vm1_snap0 vm1
os volume create --image vm1_snap0 vm1_snap0_image --size 20GiB
os server add volume vm2 vm1_snap0_image --device /dev/vdb

This does suffer from the same duplicate UUID problem as described above. A VM can be created based on the modified volume.

@MggMuggins MggMuggins force-pushed the jira-2160/attach-vm-root-as-disk branch 3 times, most recently from 5ec4d3b to d3143c7 Compare December 2, 2024 22:21
@github-actions github-actions bot added the API Changes to the REST API label Dec 2, 2024
@MggMuggins MggMuggins force-pushed the jira-2160/attach-vm-root-as-disk branch from d3143c7 to 094830b Compare December 2, 2024 22:46
@MggMuggins MggMuggins marked this pull request as ready for review December 2, 2024 23:51
@tomponline tomponline marked this pull request as draft December 3, 2024 09:14
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converting to draft until TODO items are marked as completed

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
These keys can only be live-updated on containers

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
virtual-machine/container volumes in the default project do not include
the project name.

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
The change to the source property makes `vol1` and `custom/vol1` semantically
identical even though they are not syntactically identical. It's not
correct to simply compare the strings anymore.

This is the only instance of this in the lxc and client packages.

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
…tart

This allows a VM root disk to be attached to another instance without
setting `security.shared`.

If we only allow vm roots to be attached when security.shared is set on
the volume, it makes it possible to forget to unset security.shared when
the volume is detached. Forgetting to unset security.protection.start is
harder :)

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
We can no longer short-circut here because a VM's root disk migt be
attached to another instance.

I fixed this proactively for containers as well, but it does incur
a performance penalty.

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
...from a virtual machine when the VM's root disk device is attached to
another instance.

This works when the key is set on a profile or instance, since it checks
the expanded config.

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
Will allow us to check when updating `virtual-machine` volumes

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
If a virtual-machine volume is attached to more than one instance, don't
allow removing security.shared.

Signed-off-by: Wesley Hershberger <[email protected]>
@MggMuggins MggMuggins force-pushed the jira-2160/attach-vm-root-as-disk branch from 094830b to 729f788 Compare December 4, 2024 03:32
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