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| title: OCaml Weekly News, 02 Jul 2024 | ||
| description: | ||
| url: https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html | ||
| date: 2024-07-02T12:00:00-00:00 | ||
| preview_image: | ||
| authors: | ||
| - Caml Weekly News | ||
| source: | ||
| --- | ||
|
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||
| <ol><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html#1">OCaml Tech Talk | Editor Features</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html#2">New release of Ocsipersist</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html#3">Preview of Godotcaml for the Godot 4.2 Game Engine</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html#4">euler 0.3</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html#5">dune 3.15</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html#6">dune 3.16</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.02.html#7">Other OCaml News</a></li></ol> |
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| title: OCaml Weekly News, 09 Jul 2024 | ||
| description: | ||
| url: https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.09.html | ||
| date: 2024-07-09T12:00:00-00:00 | ||
| preview_image: | ||
| authors: | ||
| - Caml Weekly News | ||
| source: | ||
| --- | ||
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||
| <ol><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.09.html#1">The Structure of Godotcaml as of Today, by Matt Walker [Fizzixnerd]</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.09.html#2">opam 2.2.0 is out!</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.09.html#3">OCaml.org Newsletter: June 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.09.html#4">ocaml-libbpf: Libbpf C-bindings for OCaml</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.09.html#5">How I built the Acutis template language in OCaml</a></li><li><a href="https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/2024.07.09.html#6">MirageOS podcast</a></li></ol> |
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| title: opam 2.2.0 release! | ||
| description: 'Feedback on this post is welcomed on Discuss! We are very pleased to | ||
| announce the release of opam 2.2.0, and encourage all users to upgrade. Please read | ||
| on for installation and upgrade instructions. NOTE: this article is cross-posted | ||
| on opam.ocaml.org and ocamlpro.com, and published in discuss.ocaml...' | ||
| url: https://ocamlpro.com/blog/2024_07_01_opam_2_2_0_releases | ||
| date: 2024-07-01T10:50:47-00:00 | ||
| preview_image: https://ocamlpro.com/assets/img/logo_ocp_icon.svg | ||
| authors: | ||
| - "\n Raja Boujbel - OCamlPro\n " | ||
| source: | ||
| --- | ||
|
|
||
| <p><em>Feedback on this post is welcomed on <a href="https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-opam-2-2-0-is-out/14893">Discuss</a>!</em></p> | ||
| <p>We are very pleased to announce the release of opam 2.2.0, and encourage all users to upgrade. Please read on for installation and upgrade instructions.</p> | ||
| <blockquote> | ||
| <p>NOTE: this article is cross-posted on <a href="https://opam.ocaml.org/blog/">opam.ocaml.org</a> and <a href="https://ocamlpro.com/blog">ocamlpro.com</a>, and published in <a href="https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-opam-2-2-0-is-out/14893">discuss.ocaml.org</a>.</p> | ||
| </blockquote> | ||
| <h2>Try it!</h2> | ||
| <p>In case you plan a possible rollback, you may want to first backup your | ||
| <code>~/.opam</code> or <code>$env:LOCALAPPDATAopam</code> directory.</p> | ||
| <p>The upgrade instructions are unchanged:</p> | ||
| <ol> | ||
| <li>Either from binaries: run | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ol> | ||
| <p>For Unix systems</p> | ||
| <pre><code class="language-shell-session">bash -c "sh <(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocaml/opam/master/shell/install.sh) --version 2.2.0" | ||
| </code></pre> | ||
| <p>or from PowerShell for Windows systems</p> | ||
| <pre><code class="language-shell-session">Invoke-Expression "& { $(Invoke-RestMethod https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocaml/opam/master/shell/install.ps1) }" | ||
| </code></pre> | ||
| <p>or download manually from <a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0">the Github "Releases" page</a> to your PATH.</p> | ||
| <ol start="2"> | ||
| <li>Or from source, manually: see the instructions in the <a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/tree/2.2.0#compiling-this-repo">README</a>. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ol> | ||
| <p>You should then run:</p> | ||
| <pre><code class="language-shell-session">opam init --reinit -ni | ||
| </code></pre> | ||
| <h2>Changes</h2> | ||
| <h3>Major change: Windows support</h3> | ||
| <p>After 8 years' effort, opam and opam-repository now have official native Windows | ||
| support! A big thank you is due to Andreas Hauptmann (<a href="https://github.com/fdopen">@fdopen</a>), | ||
| whose <a href="https://github.com/fdopen/godi-repo">WODI</a> and <a href="https://fdopen.github.io/opam-repository-mingw/">OCaml for Windows</a> | ||
| projects were for many years the principal downstream way to obtain OCaml on | ||
| Windows, Jun Furuse (<a href="https://github.com/camlspotter">@camlspotter</a>) whose | ||
| <a href="https://inbox.vuxu.org/caml-list/CAAoLEWsQK7=qER66Uixx5pq4wLExXovrQWM6b69_fyMmjYFiZA@mail.gmail.com/">initial experimentation with OPAM from Cygwin</a> | ||
| formed the basis of opam-repository-mingw, and, most recently, | ||
| Jonah Beckford (<a href="https://github.com/JonahBeckford">@jonahbeckford</a>) whose | ||
| <a href="https://diskuv.com/dkmlbook/">DkML</a> distribution kept - and keeps - a full | ||
| development experience for OCaml available on Windows.</p> | ||
| <p>OCaml when used on native Windows requires certain tools from the Unix world | ||
| which are provided by either <a href="https://cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> or <a href="https://msys2.org">MSYS2</a>. | ||
| We have engineered <code>opam init</code> so that it is possible for a user not to need to | ||
| worry about this, with <code>opam</code> managing the Unix world, and the user being able | ||
| to use OCaml from either the Command Prompt or PowerShell. However, for the Unix | ||
| user coming over to Windows to test their software, it is also possible to have | ||
| your own Cygwin/MSYS2 installation and use native Windows opam from that. Please | ||
| see the <a href="https://opam.ocaml.org/blog/opam-2-2-0-windows/">previous blog post</a> | ||
| for more information.</p> | ||
| <p>There are two "ports" of OCaml on native Windows, referred to by the name of | ||
| provider of the C compiler. The mingw-w64 port is <a href="https://www.mingw-w64.org/">GCC-based</a>. | ||
| opam's external dependency (depext) system works for this port (including | ||
| providing GCC itself), and many packages are already well-supported in | ||
| opam-repository, thanks to the previous efforts in <a href="https://github.com/fdopen/opam-repository-mingw">opam-repository-mingw</a>. | ||
| The MSVC port is <a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/">Visual Studio-based</a>. At | ||
| present, there is less support in this ecosystem for external dependencies, | ||
| though this is something we expect to work on both in opam-repository and in | ||
| subsequent opam releases. In particular, it is necessary to install | ||
| Visual Studio or Visual Studio BuildTools separately, but opam will then | ||
| automatically find and use the C compiler from Visual Studio.</p> | ||
| <h3>Major change: opam tree / opam why</h3> | ||
| <p><code>opam tree</code> is a new command showing packages and their dependencies with a tree view. | ||
| It is very helpful to determine which packages bring which dependencies in your installed switch.</p> | ||
| <pre><code class="language-shell-session">$ opam tree cppo | ||
| cppo.1.6.9 | ||
| ├── base-unix.base | ||
| ├── dune.3.8.2 (>= 1.10) | ||
| │ ├── base-threads.base | ||
| │ ├── base-unix.base [*] | ||
| │ └── ocaml.4.14.1 (>= 4.08) | ||
| │ ├── ocaml-base-compiler.4.14.1 (>= 4.14.1~ & < 4.14.2~) | ||
| │ └── ocaml-config.2 (>= 2) | ||
| │ └── ocaml-base-compiler.4.14.1 (>= 4.12.0~) [*] | ||
| └── ocaml.4.14.1 (>= 4.02.3) [*] | ||
| </code></pre> | ||
| <p>Reverse-dependencies can also be displayed using the new <code>opam why</code> command. | ||
| This is useful to examine how dependency versions get constrained.</p> | ||
| <pre><code class="language-shell-session">$ opam why cmdliner | ||
| cmdliner.1.2.0 | ||
| ├── (>= 1.1.0) b0.0.0.5 | ||
| │ └── (= 0.0.5) odig.0.0.9 | ||
| ├── (>= 1.1.0) ocp-browser.1.3.4 | ||
| ├── (>= 1.0.0) ocp-indent.1.8.1 | ||
| │ └── (>= 1.4.2) ocp-index.1.3.4 | ||
| │ └── (= version) ocp-browser.1.3.4 [*] | ||
| ├── (>= 1.1.0) ocp-index.1.3.4 [*] | ||
| ├── (>= 1.1.0) odig.0.0.9 [*] | ||
| ├── (>= 1.0.0) odoc.2.2.0 | ||
| │ └── (>= 2.0.0) odig.0.0.9 [*] | ||
| ├── (>= 1.1.0) opam-client.2.2.0~alpha | ||
| │ ├── (= version) opam.2.2.0~alpha | ||
| │ └── (= version) opam-devel.2.2.0~alpha | ||
| ├── (>= 1.1.0) opam-devel.2.2.0~alpha [*] | ||
| ├── (>= 0.9.8) opam-installer.2.2.0~alpha | ||
| └── user-setup.0.7 | ||
| </code></pre> | ||
| <blockquote> | ||
| <p>Special thanks to <a href="https://github.com/cannorin">@cannorin</a> for contributing this feature.</p> | ||
| </blockquote> | ||
| <h3>Major change: with-dev-setup</h3> | ||
| <p>There is now a way for a project maintainer to share their project development | ||
| tools: the <code>with-dev-setup</code> dependency flag. It is used in the same way as | ||
| <code>with-doc</code> and <code>with-test</code>: by adding a <code>{with-dev-setup}</code> filter after a | ||
| dependency. It will be ignored when installing normally, but it's pulled in when the | ||
| package is explicitly installed with the <code>--with-dev-setup</code> flag specified on | ||
| the command line.</p> | ||
| <p>For example</p> | ||
| <pre><code class="language-shell-session">opam-version: "2.0" | ||
| depends: [ | ||
| "ocaml" | ||
| "ocp-indent" {with-dev-setup} | ||
| ] | ||
| build: [make] | ||
| install: [make "install"] | ||
| post-messages: | ||
| [ "Thanks for installing the package" | ||
| "as well as its development setup. It will help with your future contributions" {with-dev-setup} ] | ||
| </code></pre> | ||
| <h3>Major change: opam pin --recursive</h3> | ||
| <p>When pinning a package using <code>opam pin</code>, opam looks for opam files in the root directory only. | ||
| With recursive pinning, you can now instruct opam to look for <code>.opam</code> files in | ||
| subdirectories as well, while maintaining the correct relationship between the <code>.opam</code> | ||
| files and the package root for versioning and build purposes.</p> | ||
| <p>Recursive pinning is enabled by the following options to <code>opam pin</code> and <code>opam install</code>:</p> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li>With <code>--recursive</code>, opam will look for <code>.opam</code> files recursively in all subdirectories. | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>With <code>--subpath <path></code>, opam will only look for <code>.opam</code> files in the subdirectory <code><path></code>. | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <p>The two options can be combined: for instance, if your opam packages are stored | ||
| as a deep hierarchy in the <code>mylib</code> subdirectory of your project you can try | ||
| <code>opam pin . --recursive --subpath mylib</code>.</p> | ||
| <p>These options are useful when dealing with a large monorepo-type repository with many | ||
| opam libraries spread about.</p> | ||
| <h3>New Options</h3> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam switch -</code>, inspired by <code>git switch -</code>, makes opam switch back to the previously | ||
| selected global switch.</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam pin --current</code> fixes a package to its current state (disabling pending | ||
| reinstallations or removals from the repository). The installed package will | ||
| be pinned to its current installed state, i.e. the pinned opam file is the | ||
| one installed.</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam pin remove --all</code> removes all the pinned packages from a switch.</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam exec --no-switch</code> removes the opam environment when running a command. | ||
| It is useful when you want to launch a command without opam environment changes.</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam clean --untracked</code> removes untracked files interactively remaining | ||
| from previous packages removal.</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam admin add-constraint <cst> --packages pkg1,pkg2,pkg3</code> applies the given constraint | ||
| to a given set of packages</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam list --base</code> has been renamed into <code>--invariant</code>, reflecting the fact that since opam 2.1 the "base" packages of a switch are instead expressed using a switch invariant.</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li> | ||
| <p><code>opam install --formula <formula></code> installs a formula instead of a list of packages. This can be useful if you would like to install one package or another one. For example <code>opam install --formula '"extlib" |"extlib-compat"'</code> will install either <code>extlib</code> or <code>extlib-compat</code> depending on what's best for the current switch.</p> | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <h3>Miscellaneous changes</h3> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li>The UI now displays a status when extracting an archive or reloading a repository | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Overhauled the implementation of <code>opam env</code>, fixing many corner cases for environment updates and making the reverting of package environment variables precise. As a result, using <code>setenv</code> in an opam file no longer triggers a lint warning. | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Fix parsing pre-opam 2.1.4 switch import files containing extra-files | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Add a new <code>sys-ocaml-system</code> default global eval variable | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Hijack the <code>"%{var?string-if-true:string-if-false-or-undefined}%"</code> syntax to | ||
| support extending the variables of packages with <code>+</code> in their name | ||
| (<code>conf-c++</code> and <code>conf-g++</code> already exist) using <code>"%{?pgkname:var:}%"</code> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Fix issues when using fish as shell | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Sandbox: Mark the user temporary directory | ||
| (as returned by <code>getconf DARWIN_USER_TEMP_DIR</code>) as writable when TMPDIR | ||
| is not defined on macOS | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Add Warning 69: Warn for new syntax when package name in variable in string | ||
| interpolation contains several '+' (this is related to the "hijack" item above) | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Add support for Wolfi OS, treating it like Alpine family as it also uses apk | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Sandbox: <code>/tmp</code> is now writable again, restoring POSIX compliance | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Add a new <code>opam admin: new add-extrafiles</code> command to add/check/update the <code>extra-files:</code> field according to the files present in the <code>files/</code> directory | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Add a new <code>opam lint -W @1..9</code> syntax to allow marking a set of warnings as errors | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Fix bugs in the handling of the <code>OPAMCURL</code>, <code>OPAMFETCH</code> and <code>OPAMVERBOSE</code> environment variables | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Fix bugs in the handling of the <code>--assume-built</code> argument | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li>Software Heritage fallbacks is now supported, but is disabled-by-default for now. For more information you can read one of our <a href="https://opam.ocaml.org/blog/opam-2-2-0-alpha/#Software-Heritage-Binding">previous blog post</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <p>And many other general and performance improvements were made and bugs were fixed. | ||
| You can take a look to previous blog posts. | ||
| API changes and a more detailed description of the changes are listed in:</p> | ||
| <ul> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0-alpha">the release note for 2.2.0~alpha</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0-alpha2">the release note for 2.2.0~alpha2</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0-alpha3">the release note for 2.2.0~alpha3</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0-beta1">the release note for 2.2.0~beta1</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0-beta2">the release note for 2.2.0~beta2</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0-beta3">the release note for 2.2.0~beta3</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0-rc1">the release note for 2.2.0~rc1</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| <li><a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/releases/tag/2.2.0">the release note for 2.2.0</a> | ||
| </li> | ||
| </ul> | ||
| <p>This release also includes PRs improving the documentation and improving | ||
| and extending the tests.</p> | ||
| <p>Please report any issues to <a href="https://github.com/ocaml/opam/issues">the bug-tracker</a>.</p> | ||
| <p>We hope you will enjoy the new features of opam 2.2! 📯</p> | ||
|
|
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