build(deps): Bump minimum Go version to v1.23 (backport #4041)

[mergify]

Closes #4039

cometbft-db PR: cometbft/cometbft-db#194

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PR checklist

• Tests written/updated
• Changelog entry added in .changelog (we use unclog to manage our changelog)
• Updated relevant documentation (docs/ or spec/) and code comments

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #4041 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of ff34f75 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/v1.x/pr-4041
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/v1.x'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit ff34f757b.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	deleted:    .changelog/unreleased/breaking-changes/2725-bump-go-version-1-22.md
	new file:   .changelog/unreleased/breaking-changes/2725-bump-go-version-1-23.md
	modified:   .github/workflows/go-version.env
	modified:   DOCKER/Dockerfile
	modified:   README.md
	modified:   UPGRADING.md
	modified:   api/go.mod
	modified:   docs/tutorials/go-built-in.md
	modified:   docs/tutorials/go.md
	modified:   go.sum
	modified:   go.work
	modified:   internal/blocksync/pool.go
	modified:   internal/consensus/ticker.go
	modified:   internal/consensus/wal_test.go
	modified:   test/docker/Dockerfile
	modified:   test/e2e/docker/Dockerfile
	modified:   test/e2e/docker/Dockerfile.debug

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   go.mod

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[andynog]

lgtm, fixed conflicts