Tests: make _prefetch() parallel-safe

The _prefetch helper, introduced in #2036, is not parallel-safe: two
or more parallel jobs fetching the same image can step on each other
and produce garbage images.

Although we still can't run buildah tests in parallel (see #5552),
we can at least set up the scaffolding for that to happen. This
commit reworks _prefetch() such that the image work is wrapped
inside flock. It has been working fine for months in #5552,
and is IMO safe for production. This can then make it much
easier to flip the parallelization switch once the final zstd
bug is squashed.

Signed-off-by: Ed Santiago <[email protected]>

tests/helpers.bash

@@ -172,9 +172,11 @@ function normalize_image_name() {
 
 function _prefetch() {
     if [ -z "${_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR}" ]; then
-        _pgid=$(sed -ne 's/^NSpgid:\s*//p' /proc/$$/status)
-        export _BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR=${BATS_TMPDIR}/buildah-image-cache.$_pgid
+        export _BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR=${BATS_SUITE_TMPDIR}/buildah-image-cache
         mkdir -p ${_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR}
+
+        # It's 700 by default; that prevents 'unshare' from reading cached images
+        chmod 711 ${BATS_SUITE_TMPDIR:?is unset} ${BATS_SUITE_TMPDIR}/..
     fi
 
     local storage=
@@ -186,24 +188,35 @@ function _prefetch() {
         img=$(normalize_image_name "$img")
         echo "# [checking for: $img]" >&2
         fname=$(tr -c a-zA-Z0-9.- - <<< "$img")
-        if [ -d $_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname ]; then
-            echo "# [restoring from cache: $_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR / $img]" >&2
-            copy dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname containers-storage:"$storage""$img"
-        else
-            rm -fr $_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname
-            echo "# [copy docker://$img dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname]" >&2
-            for attempt in $(seq 3) ; do
-                if copy $COPY_REGISTRY_OPTS docker://"$img" dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname ; then
-                    break
-                fi
-                sleep 5
-            done
-            echo "# [copy dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname containers-storage:$storage$img]" >&2
-            copy dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname containers-storage:"$storage""$img"
-        fi
+        ( flock --timeout 300 9 || die "Could not flock"; _prefetch_locksafe $img $fname ) 9> $_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname.lock
     done
 }
 
+# DO NOT CALL THIS. EVER. This must only be called from _prefetch().
+function _prefetch_locksafe() {
+    local img="$1"
+    local fname="$2"
+
+    if [ -d $_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname ]; then
+        echo "# [restoring from cache: $_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR / $img]" >&2
+        copy dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname containers-storage:"$storage""$img"
+    else
+        rm -fr ${_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR:?THIS CAN NEVER HAPPEN}/$fname
+        echo "# [copy docker://$img dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname]" >&2
+        for attempt in $(seq 3) ; do
+            if copy $COPY_REGISTRY_OPTS docker://"$img" dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname ; then
+                break
+            else
+                # Failed. Clean up, so we don't leave incomplete remnants
+                rm -fr ${_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR:?THIS CAN NEVER HAPPEN EITHER}/$fname
+            fi
+            sleep 5
+        done
+        echo "# [copy dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname containers-storage:$storage$img]" >&2
+        copy dir:$_BUILDAH_IMAGE_CACHEDIR/$fname containers-storage:"$storage""$img"
+    fi
+}
+
 function createrandom() {
     dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=${2:-256} of=${1:-${BATS_TMPDIR}/randomfile} status=none
 }