chore: log panic recovery in runTx (backport: #17556)

[mmsqe]

Description

Closes: #XXXX

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Author Checklist

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I have...

• included the correct type prefix in the PR title
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• followed the guidelines for building modules
• included the necessary unit and integration tests
• added a changelog entry to CHANGELOG.md
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• confirmed the correct type prefix in the PR title
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• reviewed state machine logic
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• manually tested (if applicable)