dialyzer: Fix slow Dialyzer run on Elixir source code

Fix #9135. Dialyzer was slow
because in `dialyzer_dataflow:handle_guard_call/5`, previous way of
handling opaque warnings required one extra round of binding for guards.
In Elixir source code, guards in the format of `when digit in ?0..?9`
can be expanded to more than 10 guards during Dialyzer's analysis, which
made the inefficiency more obvious.