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ajgara committed Jan 19, 2024
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A good encryption algorithm must hold the property that no one observing $c$ can obtain $m$, even knowing $D$ and $E$. That is, cryptographers assume everyone knows the algorithm (but not the secret $s$). This is known as the **Kerckhoffs principle**.

## Diffie Hellman
But how can Alice and Bob agree on a secret $s$ securely if they live far away? Diffie-Hellman introduced a solution for this problem in a paper from 1976. Their protocol uses multiplicative groups to agree on a random number $s$ securely.
How can Alice and Bob agree on a secret $s$ securely if they live far away? Diffie-Hellman introduced a solution for this problem in a paper from 1976. Their protocol uses multiplicative groups to agree on a random number $s$ securely.

Setup: Alice and Bob agree on a finite group $\mathbb{G}$ and a generator $g$.
1. Alice samples a random $a$ and computes $A=g^a$.
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