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Make sure to follow and check these boxes before submitting a PR! Thank you. | ||
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- [ ] Explain the feature | ||
- [ ] Read [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/iocage/iocage/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) | ||
- [ ] Read [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/freebsd/iocage/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) |
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build |
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.. index:: Advance Usage | ||
.. _Advanced Usage: | ||
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Advanced Usage | ||
============== | ||
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.. index:: Clones | ||
.. _Clones: | ||
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Clones | ||
------ | ||
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When a jail is cloned, iocage creates a ZFS clone filesystem. | ||
Essentially, clones are cheap, lightweight, and writable snapshots. | ||
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A clone depends on its source snapshot and filesystem. To destroy the | ||
source jail and preserve its clones, the clone must be promoted first. | ||
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.. index:: Create clones | ||
.. _Create a Clone: | ||
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Create a Clone | ||
++++++++++++++ | ||
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To clone **www01** to **www02**, run: | ||
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:samp:`# iocage clone www01 --name www02` | ||
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Clone a jail from an existing snapshot with: | ||
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:samp:`# iocage clone www01@snapshotname --name www03` | ||
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.. index:: Promote a Clone | ||
.. _Promoting a Clone: | ||
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Promoting a Clone | ||
+++++++++++++++++ | ||
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.. warning:: This functionality isn't fully added to iocage, and may not | ||
function as expected. | ||
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**To promote a cloned jail, run:** | ||
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:command:`iocage promote [UUID | NAME]` | ||
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This reverses the *clone* and *source* jail relationship. The clone | ||
becomes the source and the source jail is demoted to a clone. | ||
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**The demoted jail can now be removed:** | ||
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:command:`iocage destroy [UUID | NAME]` | ||
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.. index:: Updating Jails | ||
.. _Updating Jails: | ||
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Updating Jails | ||
-------------- | ||
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Updates are handled with the freebsd-update(8) utility. Jails can be | ||
updated while they are stopped or running. | ||
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.. note:: The command :command:`iocage update [UUID | NAME]` | ||
automatically creates a backup snapshot of the jail given. | ||
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To create a backup snapshot manually, run: | ||
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:command:`iocage snapshot -n [snapshotname] [UUID | NAME]` | ||
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To update a jail to latest patch level, run: | ||
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:command:`iocage update [UUID | NAME]` | ||
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When updates are finished and the jail appears to function properly, | ||
remove the snapshot: | ||
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:command:`iocage snapremove [UUID|NAME]@[snapshotname]` | ||
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To test updating without affecting a jail, create a clone and update the | ||
clone the same way as outlined above. | ||
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To clone a jail, run: | ||
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:command:`iocage clone [UUID|NAME] --name [testupdate]` | ||
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.. note:: The **[-n | --name]** flag is optional. :command:`iocage` | ||
assigns an UUID to the jail if **[-n | --name]** is not used. | ||
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.. index:: Upgrade Jails | ||
.. _Upgrading Jails: | ||
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Upgrading Jails | ||
--------------- | ||
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Upgrades are handled with the freebsd-update(8) utility. By default, the | ||
user must supply the new RELEASE for the jail's upgrade. For example: | ||
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:samp:`# iocage upgrade examplejail -r 11.0-RELEASE` | ||
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Tells jail *examplejail* to upgrade its RELEASE to *11.0-RELEASE*. | ||
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.. note:: It is recommended to keep the iocage host and jails RELEASE | ||
synchronized. | ||
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To upgrade a jail to the host's RELEASE, run: | ||
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:command:`iocage upgrade -r [11.1-RELEASE] [UUID | NAME]` | ||
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This upgrades the jail to the same RELEASE as the host. This method also | ||
applies to basejails. | ||
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.. index:: Auto-Boot | ||
.. _AutoBoot: | ||
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Auto-boot | ||
--------- | ||
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Make sure :command:`iocage_enable="YES"` is set in :file:`/etc/rc.conf`. | ||
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To enable a jail to auto-boot during a system boot, simply run: | ||
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:samp:`# iocage set boot=on UUID|NAME` | ||
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.. note:: Setting :command:`boot=on` during jail creation starts the | ||
jail after the jail is created. | ||
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.. index:: Boot Priority | ||
.. _Boot Priority: | ||
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Boot Priority | ||
+++++++++++++ | ||
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Boot order can be specified by setting the priority value: | ||
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:command:`iocage set priority=[20] [UUID|NAME]` | ||
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*Lower* values are higher in the boot priority. | ||
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.. index:: Depends Property | ||
.. _Depends Property: | ||
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Depends Property | ||
++++++++++++++++ | ||
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Use the :literal:`depends` property to require other jails to start | ||
before this one. It is space delimited. Jails listed as dependents | ||
also wait to start if those jails have listed :literal:`depends`. | ||
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Example: :command:`iocage set depends=“foo bar” baz` | ||
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.. index:: Snapshot Management | ||
.. _Snapshot Management: | ||
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Snapshot Management | ||
------------------- | ||
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iocage supports transparent ZFS snapshot management out of the box. | ||
Snapshots are point-in-time copies of data, a safety point to which a | ||
jail can be reverted at any time. Initially, snapshots take up almost no | ||
space, as only changing data is recorded. | ||
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You may use **ALL** as a target jail name for these commands if you want to target all jails at once. | ||
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List snapshots for a jail: | ||
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:command:`iocage snaplist [UUID|NAME]` | ||
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Create a new snapshot: | ||
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:command:`iocage snapshot [UUID|NAME]` | ||
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This creates a snapshot based on the current time. | ||
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:command:`iocage snapshot [UUID|NAME] -n [SNAPSHOT NAME]` | ||
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This creates a snapshot with the given name. | ||
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Delete a snapshot: | ||
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:command:`iocage snapremove [UUID|NAME] -n [SNAPSHOT NAME]` | ||
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Delete all snapshots from a jail (requires `-f / --force`): | ||
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:command:`iocage snapremove [UUID|NAME] -n ALL -f` | ||
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.. index:: Resource Limits | ||
.. _Resource Limits: | ||
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Resource Limits (Legacy ONLY) | ||
----------------------------- | ||
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.. warning:: This functionality is only available for legacy versions of | ||
:command:`iocage`. It is not yet implemented in the current version. | ||
This applies to all subsections of *Resource Limits*. | ||
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:command:`iocage` can enable optional resource limits for a jail. The | ||
outlined procedure here is meant to provide a starting point for the | ||
user. | ||
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.. index:: Limit Cores or Threads | ||
.. _Limit Cores or Threads: | ||
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Limit Cores or Threads | ||
++++++++++++++++++++++ | ||
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Limit a jail to a single thread or core #1: | ||
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:command:`iocage set cpuset=1 [UUID|TAG]` | ||
:command:`iocage start [UUID|TAG]` | ||
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.. index:: List Applied Rules | ||
.. _List Applied Rules: | ||
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List Applied Limits | ||
+++++++++++++++++++ | ||
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List applied limits: | ||
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:command:`iocage limits [UUID|TAG]` | ||
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.. index:: Limit DRAM Usage | ||
.. _Limit DRAM Usage: | ||
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Limit DRAM use | ||
++++++++++++++ | ||
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This example limits a jail to using 4 Gb DRAM memory (limiting RSS | ||
memory use can be done on-the-fly): | ||
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:samp:`# iocage set memoryuse=4G:deny examplejail` | ||
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.. index:: Turn on Resource Limits | ||
.. _Turn on Resource Limits: | ||
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Turn on Resource Limits | ||
+++++++++++++++++++++++ | ||
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Turn on resource limiting for a jail with: | ||
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:command:`iocage set rlimits=on [UUID|TAG]` | ||
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.. index:: Apply Limits | ||
.. _Apply Limits: | ||
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Apply limits | ||
++++++++++++ | ||
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Apply limits to a running jail with: | ||
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:command:`iocage cap [UUID | TAG]` | ||
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.. index:: Check Limits | ||
.. _Check Limits: | ||
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Check Limits | ||
++++++++++++ | ||
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Check the currently active limits on a jail with: | ||
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:command:`iocage limits [UUID | TAG]` | ||
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.. index:: Limit CPU Usage by Percentage | ||
.. _Limit CPU Usage by Percentage: | ||
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Limit CPU Usage by % | ||
++++++++++++++++++++ | ||
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In this example, :command:`iocage` limits *testjail* CPU execution to | ||
20%, then applies the limitation to the active jail: | ||
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:samp:`# iocage set pcpu=20:deny testjail` | ||
:samp:`# iocage cap testjail` | ||
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Double check the jail's current limits to confirm the functionality: | ||
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:samp:`# iocage limits testjail` | ||
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.. index:: Automatic Package Installation | ||
.. _Automatic Package Installation: | ||
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Automatic Package Installation | ||
------------------------------ | ||
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Packages can be installed automatically at creation time! | ||
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Use the [-p | --pkglist] option at creation time, which needs to point | ||
to a JSON file containing one package name per line. | ||
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.. note:: An Internet connection is required for automatic package | ||
installations, as :command:`pkg install` obtains packages from online | ||
repositories. | ||
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Create a :file:`pkgs.json` file and add package names to it. | ||
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:file:`pkgs.json`: | ||
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.. code-block:: json | ||
{ | ||
"pkgs": [ | ||
"nginx", | ||
"tmux" | ||
] | ||
} | ||
Now, create a jail and supply :file:`pkgs.json`: | ||
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:command:`iocage create -r [RELEASE] -p [path-to/pkgs.json] -n [NAME]` | ||
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.. note:: The **[-n | --name]** flag is optional. :command:`iocage` | ||
assigns an UUID to the jail if **[-n | --name]** is not used. | ||
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This installs **nginx** and **tmux** in the newly created jail. |
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