feat(gnovm): align Gno constant handling with Go specifications

[omarsy]

Related Issues:
Closes #2628

This PR aims to align Gno's constant handling with the Go specification regarding constant expressions (see Go Specification on Constants).

1. Primitive Type Requirement

   • Should Work:

     const t = 1

   • Should Return an Error:

     const t = []string{"1"}

     Error:

     (const (slice[("1" string)] []string)) (value of type []string) is not constant
     

2. Function Calls Disallowed
   Only built-in functions should be allowed.

   • Should Work:

     const t = len("s")

   • Should Return an Error:

     func v() string {
         return ""
     }
     const t = v()

     Error:

     v<VPBlock(3,0)>() (value of type string) is not constant
     

3. Constant Operands Requirement
   Constant expressions may contain only constant operands and are evaluated at compile time.

   • Should Work:

     const t = 1
     const v = t

   • Should Raise an Error:

     t := 1
     const v = t

     Error:

     t (variable of type int) is not constant
     

4. Type Assertion Forbidden

   • This code:

     var i interface{} = 1
     const t, ok = i.(int)

   • Should Raise This Error:

     i.(int) (comma, ok expression of type int) is not constant
     

5. Index Expression Forbidden

   • This code:

     var i = []string{}
     const t, ok = i[0]

   • Should Return This Error:

     i[0] (variable of type string) is not constant
     

Contributors' checklist...

• Added new tests, or not needed, or not feasible
• Provided an example (e.g. screenshot) to aid review or the PR is self-explanatory
• Updated the official documentation or not needed
• No breaking changes were made, or a BREAKING CHANGE: xxx message was included in the description
• Added references to related issues and PRs
• Provided any useful hints for running manual tests
• Added new benchmarks to generated graphs, if any. More info here.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 65.18519% with 47 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
gnovm/pkg/gnolang/type_check.go	64.92%	37 Missing and 10 partials ⚠️

📢 Thoughts on this report? Let us know!

[jefft0]

@omarsy , can you fix the lint-pr-title CI check?

[petar-dambovaliev]

Part of your PR related to this but from what i see doesn't address the whole problem. I've fixed it here.

[Gno2D2]

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[petar-dambovaliev]

Part of your PR related to this but from what i see doesn't address the whole problem. I've fixed it here.

@omarsy i am going to close my PR. You can integrate that weird Go feature for arrays in your PR. Better in the preprocessor so no functions are called during runtime.

[omarsy]

Part of your PR related to this but from what i see doesn't address the whole problem. I've fixed it here.

@omarsy i am going to close my PR. You can integrate that weird Go feature for arrays in your PR. Better in the preprocessor so no functions are called during runtime.

I think it is better to handle it in another PR. WDYT ?

[ltzmaxwell]

hmmm, this logic seems incorrect:

if _, ok := t.(*ArrayType); ok {
	break Main
}

Due to this logic, the error in const43.gno was not caught.

I guess your intention is to check len(arr), right? I think that needs additional context to know if the outer expr is a built func call: len or max?

Not so sure, but we need to focus on ensuring that the logic of this function is correct(not limited to the above-mentioned).

[ltzmaxwell]

Suggested change

	func assertValidConstantExprRecursively(store Store, last BlockNode, currExpr, parentExpr Expr) {
	func assertValidConstValue(store Store, last BlockNode, currExpr, parentExpr Expr) {

[omarsy]

should be done here 54878f0

[thehowl]

@ltzmaxwell ping me if you approve and would like me to take a look as well, otherwise go ahead and merge after you've approved

[ltzmaxwell]

trying to find more counter cases, please check.

[ltzmaxwell]

please check this:

package main

const a = interface{}(nil)

func main() {
	println("ok")
}

seems also need to check the type, right?

[omarsy]

My bad break on my last refactoring when I move the check type

Nice catch ^^

[ltzmaxwell]

this is a counter case:

package main

type MyStruct struct {
	arr [2]int
}

const a = len(MyStruct{arr: [2]int{1, 2}}.arr)

func main() {
	println("ok")
}

[omarsy]

:o I miss this case. Thank you ^^
Done here c45f63e

[ltzmaxwell]

can we just check parent and panic here?

[omarsy]

Since we verify the expression type before calling this function, this case should not occur. Removed for array: 4da7934