bzlmod: Update rules_apple to 3.16.1 (#1146)

This follows up to our previous commit [1], which downgraded rules_apple
from 3.8.0 to 3.5.1 to work around a regression [2], which was fixed in
3.9.0 and later [3].

Now that Bazel 8.0 RC3+ requires rules_apple 3.16.0 and later [4], let's
update it to the latest one, which is 3.16.1 [5].

No difference is expected in the final artifacts.

Closes #1145.

 [1]: c1e9f8b
 [2]: bazelbuild/rules_apple#2516
 [3]: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_apple/releases/tag/3.9.0
 [4]: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_apple/releases/tag/3.16.0
 [5]: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_apple/releases/tag/3.16.1

PiperOrigin-RevId: 707429306

src/MODULE.bazel

@@ -49,12 +49,11 @@ bazel_dep(
     version = "0.34.0",
 )
 
-# Bazel macOS build (3.5.1 2024-04-09)
-# Note, versions after 3.5.1 result a build failure of universal binary.
+# Bazel macOS build (3.16.1 2024-12-13)
 # https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_apple
 bazel_dep(
     name = "rules_apple",
-    version = "3.5.1",
+    version = "3.16.1",
     repo_name = "build_bazel_rules_apple",
 )