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# How did it get there? | ||
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Today, we’re looking at how plastics, an essential part of modern life, ends up on the beach of Lake Geneva. | ||
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In december 2022 the Association for the Safeguard of Lake Geneva (ASL) completed a year-long project of identifying and | ||
quantifying trash on the beaches of Lake Geneva [Pla'stock](https://associationsauvegardeleman.github.io/plastock/index.html). | ||
This project was the latest in a series of initiatives that have been ongoing since 2015. These reports provide information | ||
about the quantity and type of objects found. However, they do not provide information about how the objects got to the beach. | ||
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__Todays schedule:__ | ||
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1. Introduction | ||
2. Discussion of what we expect to find | ||
3. Field experience: identify and count | ||
4. Return to lab - tabulate results | ||
5. Discussion of results | ||
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## Most common items | ||
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Among the most common items found on the lakes beaches in 2022 are the usual suspects: cigarette butts (11% of the total), plastic bottle caps, (4% of the total) | ||
and snack wrappers (8% of the total). We find also objects that are not associated with activities at the beach. For example, fragmented plastics (41% of the total) | ||
industrial plastic pellets (6% of the total), cotton swabs (4% of the total) plastic construction materials (3% of the total) and shotgun cartridges (1% of the total). | ||
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All the previous items have are found in similar proportions in the marine environment in european space, [EEA data viewer](https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/marine-litterwatch-data-viewer-marine-litterwatch-data-viewer). | ||
The federal report of 2021, [IQAASL](https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/waste/state/data-and-indicators/indicators/indicators-on-waste-and-resources.html), reported included | ||
medical containers, straws and stirrers and toys as common objects on the beaches of lake Geneva. | ||
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## First encounters | ||
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__Objective: In the field identify and count specific beach litter items.__ | ||
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The guide for monitoring beach litter, [MLW Guide](https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC83985), lists 200 items that can be found on the beach. The OSPAR | ||
commission has a similar list of 150 items [OSPAR](https://www.ospar.org/documents?v=44122). Today we are going to focus on identifying the counting 7 items: | ||
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1. Plastic medical containers | ||
2. Cotton swabs | ||
3. Shotgun cartridges / wadding | ||
4. Construction plastics | ||
5. Industrial pellets | ||
6. Media filters / biomass holders | ||
7. Straws and stirrers | ||
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All other objects will be collected and discarded. Each item on the list has a distinct use or origin. | ||
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### Tabulate results | ||
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Record the number of each item found and the name of the beach where it was found. Reflections: | ||
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1. Did you find more or less than you expected? | ||
2. How do the results compare to the federal report of 2021? | ||
3. Were there items that were found on one beach and not another? | ||
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### Discussion | ||
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1. Did you notice any immediate sources of the items found? If so were their any visible signs of prevention measures? | ||
2. If the source is not apparent, what are the possible sources? | ||
4. What are the possible pathways for the object to reach the beach? | ||
5. What are the possible prevention measures? | ||
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## Semester project: pathways | ||
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You can choose to make your video project on the potential pathways to the beach of a specific item. Your video project should also include | ||
a video short (think tiktok or google shorts) that can be shared on social media and give a brief overview of the problem and potential solutions. | ||
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### Resources for the video project | ||
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Interested in the topic? I am at your disposal for any questions on the topic: Here are some resources to get you started: | ||
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__General information:__ | ||
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1. [The ocean cleanup](https://theoceancleanup.com/updates/) | ||
2. [EEA data viewer](https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/marine-litterwatch-data-viewer-marine-litterwatch-data-viewer) | ||
3. [MLW Guide](https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC83985) | ||
4. [OSPAR](https://www.ospar.org/documents?v=44122) | ||
5. [Pla'stock](https://associationsauvegardeleman.github.io/plastock/index.html) | ||
6. [Identifying sources of marine litter](https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC104038) | ||
7. contact [email protected] for specific resources on a topic | ||
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