new water footprint image

contents/core/sustainable_ai/sustainable_ai.qmd

@@ -228,6 +228,10 @@ Beyond water consumption and chemical risks, fab operations also depend on rare
 
 Semiconductor fabrication is an incredibly water-intensive process. Based on an article from 2009, a typical 300mm silicon wafer requires 8,328 liters of water, of which 5,678 liters is ultrapure water [@cope2009pure]. While modern fabs like those mentioned earlier can use several million gallons of pure water daily, TSMC's latest fab in Arizona is projected to consume even more---8.9 million gallons per day---amounting to nearly 3 percent of the city's current water production. To put things in perspective, Intel and [Quantis](https://quantis.com/) found that over 97% of their direct water consumption is attributed to semiconductor manufacturing operations within their fabrication facilities [@cooper2011semiconductor].
 
+![Daily Water Footprint of Datacenters in comparison with other water uses. Source: [Google's Data Center Cooling](https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/our-commitment-to-climate-conscious-data-center-cooling/)](images/png/water_footprint.png){#fig-water_footprint}
+
+To put these numbers into perspective, consider a Google data center, which uses approximately 450,000 gallons of water daily. This is equivalent to irrigating 17 acres of grass or producing 160 pairs of cotton jeans, showcasing the immense water demands of advanced technologies.
+
 This water is repeatedly used to flush away contaminants in cleaning steps and also acts as a coolant and carrier fluid in thermal oxidation, chemical deposition, and chemical mechanical planarization processes. During peak summer months, this approximates the daily water consumption of a city with a population of half a million people.
 
 Despite being located in regions with sufficient water, the intensive usage can severely depress local water tables and drainage basins. For example, the city of Hsinchu in Taiwan suffered [sinking water tables and seawater intrusion](https://wccftech.com/tsmc-using-water-tankers-for-chip-production-as-5nm-plant-faces-rationing/) into aquifers due to excessive pumping to satisfy water supply demands from the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) fab. In water-scarce inland areas like Arizona, [massive water inputs are needed](https://www.americanbar.org/groups/environment_energy_resources/publications/wr/a-tale-of-two-shortages/) to support fabs despite already strained reservoirs.