command-line.md

每个 Kotlin 版本都附带了一个独立版的编译器。 可以手动或者通过包管理器下载其最新版。

安装命令行编译器并不是使用 Kotlin 的必要步骤。 编写 Kotlin 应用程序的通常方式是使用 IDE——IntelliJ IDEA 或者 Android Studio。 它们开箱即用地提供完整的 Kotlin 支持，无需附加组件。 了解如何在 IDE 中入门 Kotlin。

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安装编译器

手动安装

To install the Kotlin compiler manually:

1. 在 GitHub Releases 页下载最新版本（kotlin-compiler-%kotlinVersion%.zip）。
2. 将独立编译器解压缩到一个目录中，并可选择将其 bin 目录添加到系统路径。 bin 目录包含了在 Windows、macOS 与 Linux 上编译及运行 Kotlin 所需的脚本。

For Windows users who want to use the command-line compiler, we recommend using the manual installation method.

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SDKMAN!

An easier way to install Kotlin on UNIX-based systems, such as macOS, Linux, Cygwin, FreeBSD, and Solaris, is SDKMAN!. It also works in Bash and ZSH shells. Learn how to install SDKMAN!.

To install the Kotlin compiler via SDKMAN!, run the following command in the terminal:

sdk install kotlin

Homebrew

Alternatively, on macOS you can install the compiler via Homebrew:

brew update
brew install kotlin

Snap 包

If you use Snap on Ubuntu 16.04 or later, you can install the compiler from the command line:

sudo snap install --classic kotlin

创建并运行应用程序

1. Create a simple application in Kotlin that displays "Hello, World!". In your favorite editor, create a new file called hello.kt with the following lines:

   fun main() {
       println("Hello, World!")
   }

2. Compile the application using the Kotlin compiler:

   kotlinc hello.kt -include-runtime -d hello.jar

   The -d option indicates the output path for generated class files, which may be either a directory or a .jar file. The -include-runtime option makes the resulting .jar file self-contained and runnable by including the Kotlin runtime library in it.

   To see all available options, run

   kotlinc -help

3. Run the application.

   java -jar hello.jar

编译库

If you're developing a library to be used by other Kotlin applications, you can build the .jar file without including the Kotlin runtime in it:

kotlinc hello.kt -d hello.jar

Since binaries compiled this way depend on the Kotlin runtime, you should make sure the latter is present in the classpath whenever your compiled library is used.

You can also use the kotlin script to run binaries produced by the Kotlin compiler:

kotlin -classpath hello.jar HelloKt

HelloKt is the main class name that the Kotlin compiler generates for the file named hello.kt.

运行 REPL

You can run the compiler without parameters to have an interactive shell. In this shell, you can type any valid Kotlin code and see the results.

运行脚本

Kotlin can also be used as a scripting language. A script is a Kotlin source file (.kts) with top-level executable code.

import java.io.File

// Get the passed in path, i.e. "-d some/path" or use the current path.
val path = if (args.contains("-d")) args[1 + args.indexOf("-d")]
           else "."

val folders = File(path).listFiles { file -> file.isDirectory() }
folders?.forEach { folder -> println(folder) }

To run a script, pass the -script option to the compiler with the corresponding script file:

kotlinc -script list_folders.kts -- -d <path_to_folder_to_inspect>

Kotlin provides experimental support for script customization, such as adding external properties, providing static or dynamic dependencies, and so on. Customizations are defined by so-called Script definitions - annotated kotlin classes with the appropriate support code. The script filename extension is used to select the appropriate definition. Learn more about Kotlin custom scripting.

Properly prepared script definitions are detected and applied automatically when the appropriate jars are included in the compilation classpath. Alternatively, you can specify definitions manually by passing the -script-templates option to the compiler:

kotlinc -script-templates org.example.CustomScriptDefinition -script custom.script1.kts

For additional details, please consult the KEEP-75.