Guide:Regional settings in DOSBox‐X

Regional settings in DOSBox-X

Table of Contents

Regional settings in DOSBox-X

Overview

You can customize the regional settings in DOSBox-X, such as changing the country code for country-specific date/time formats, as well as modifying the international keyboard layouts and codepages. If you are a DOSBox-X user living outside the United States, you probably want to do this in order for DOSBox-X to match the regional settings in your country. Such settings can be configured either from the DOSBox-X config file (dosbox-x.conf by default), or from the DOSBox-X command line.

Country-specific date/time formats

The country code can be set in the [config] section of the DOSBox-X config file by use of the COUNTRY= setting. This defaults to an empty string which means auto-detection (or 81 for PC-98 mode); if auto-detection cannot be done then it will fall back to 1 which is the US. This setting influences date and time format as used by DOSBox-X, such as the DIR command. It may also influence regional settings in other applications.

For example, the date is displayed in MM-DD-YYYY format with the default US setting:

07-30-2020 12:34p

If you change the COUNTRY= setting, the date and time will be displayed in the format associated with the specified country code. For example, 44 is the country code (based on the international dialling prefix) for the UK, and setting the following:

[config]
COUNTRY=44

Will cause DOSBox-X to use the UK date and time format:

30/07/2020 12:34

If you set COUNTRY=0 in the [config] section of the DOSBox-X config file, then DOSBox-X will try to auto-detect and set the country code based on the regional setting of the host system. This however only works on Windows systems.

Alternatively, the COUNTRY command can be used from the DOSBox-X command line to change the country code. For example, the following command will switch the country code to 61 for international English:

COUNTRY 61

A list of supported country codes and their corresponding date and time formats:

Country	Country Code	Date format	Time format
Arabic countries	785	23/01/2020	17:35
Austria	43	23.01.2020	17:35
Belgium	32	23/01/2020	17:35
Brazil	55	23/01/2020	17:35
Canadian-French	2	2020-01-23	17:35
Czechoslovakia	42	2020-01-23	17:35
Denmark	45	23-01-2020	17.35
Finland	358	23.01.2020	17.35
France	33	23.01.2020	17:35
Germany	49	23.01.2020	17:35
Greece	30	23/01/2020	17:35
Hungary	36	2020-01-23	17:35
Iceland	354	2020-01-23	17:35
International English	61	23-01-2020	5:35p
Israel	972	23/01/2020	17:35
Italy	39	23/01/2020	17.35
Japan	81	2020-01-23	17:35
Latin America	3	23/01/2020	5:35p
Netherlands	31	23-01-2020	17:35
Norway	47	23.01.2020	17:35
Peoples Republic of China	86	2020.01.23	17:35
Poland	48	2020-01-23	17:35
Portugal	351	23-01-2020	17:35
Romania	40	2020-01-23	17:35
Russia	7	23.01.2020	17:35
South Korea	82	2020-01-23	17:35
Spain	34	23/01/2020	17:35
Sweden	46	2020-01-23	17.35
Switzerland	41	23.01.2020	17,35
Taiwan	886	2020/01/23	17:35
Turkey	90	23/01/2020	17:35
United Kingdom	44	23/01/2020	17:35
United States	1	01-23-2020	5:35p
Yugoslavia	38	2020-01-23	17:35

With a few exceptions, the above codes are based on the international dialing prefixes of the respective countries. DOSBox-X will accept any other country code not listed above, but in that case will use the date format 23-01-2020 and 24-hour time format 17:35.

Typing COUNTRY without parameters from the DOSBox-X command line will display the current country code.

Using language files for customized or translated display messages

DOSBox-X by defaults displays messages in English. It is possible to change the messages displayed by DOSBox-X with the use of language files, which can either be encoded in the DOS code page or in UTF-8 as of DOSBox-X version 0.83.14.

If you already have a DOSBox-X language file available, you can specify its filename in DOSBox-X’s config file (dosbox-x.conf by default) in the [dosbox] section in order to activate it. There is a language= setting which allows you to enter the name of the language file. For example, suppose the language file is located at C:\message.txt, then you can specify the following for use with DOSBox-X:

[dosbox]
language=C:\message.txt

For example, the Chinese (Simplified & Traditional), English (United States), French, German, Japanese, Portuguese (Brazilian), Spanish, and Turkic language files for DOSBox-X are available from:

Alternatively, you can start DOSBox-X with the -lang option to use your language file. For example, to use "C:\message.txt" as the language file:

dosbox-x -lang C:\message.txt

Note: It is important to set the correct code page in the config file, via the COUNTRY= setting in [config] section of the config file, e.g. COUNTRY=42,852 for the Czech language, and perhaps the keyboardlayout config option mentioned in the next section.

If you do not have a DOSBox-X language file yet, and you want to customize or translate the messages as displayed by DOSBox-X, you could do so by generating the language file and then modifying the messages in it. DOSBox-X can generate a language file either from the built-in graphical configuration tool, or with the CONFIG command.

To do this using the graphical configuration tool:

Open the "Configuration tool" from the "Main" menu.
Select the "Configuration" menu, then click "Save Language File…".
Either use the default file name or enter a new file name for the language file, then click "OK".

Alternatively, you can let DOSBox-X generate the language file with its built-in CONFIG command, via its "-wl" (or "-writelang") option. Usage:

CONFIG -wl filename

This command writes the current language settings to a file in a specified location. "filename" is located on the local drive, not a mounted drive in DOSBox-X. It is located in the DOSBox-X directory by default.

The language file controls all visible output of the internal commands and the internal DOS, as well as the menu options. Please read the language file that you just created from the above, and you will hopefully understand how to change it.

Once you finished the customization or translation of the language file, you can save it for use with DOSBox-X, using the instructions mentioned above.

International keyboard layouts and codepages

The US keyboard layout is used by default in DOSBox-X with code page 437. These can be customized to use a different keyboard layout or code page for DOSBox-X.

When starting DOSBox-X on a Windows system with the default keyboardlayout=auto config setting, it will try to set the keyboard layout automatically, depending on the host OS region, for a wide range of regions. This may not necessarily match your actual keyboard, or your region may not currently be supported. In addition, the auto setting has no effect on Linux and macOS.

You can set your keyboard layout manually in the [dos] section of the dosbox-x.conf file. For instance to set a German keyboard layout you can specify keyboardlayout=de. It will also automatically set a suitable codepage.

Alternatively, the KEYB command can be used from the DOSBox-X command line to change the keyboard layout on-the-fly. For example:

KEYB UK

This command will switch the current keyboard layout to the UK keyboard layout and set code page 858. Note some languages have dual mode, in which a certain keyboard press can switch between the primary and secondary modes. Below is a list of keyboard layouts that can be used in DOSBox-X.

Keyboard layouts	Country usages	Based on DOSBox	Primary mode	Secondary mode
us103 (us), ux103 (ux)	US, US International	Yes
dv103 (dv), lh103 (lh), rh103 (rh)	US Dvorak, Left-Hand, Right-Hand	Yes
sq448, sq452 (sq)	Albania	Yes
hy	Armenia*	Yes
az	Azerbaijan*	Yes
by463 (bl463,by,bl)	Belarus*	Yes
be120 (be)	Belgium	Yes
ba234 (ba)	Bosnia & Herzegovina	Yes
br274, br275 (br)	Brazil	Yes
bg241, bg442 (bg)	Bulgaria	Yes
ca58 (cf58,ca,cf), ca445 (cf445), cf501	Canada	Yes
hr234 (hr)	Croatia	Yes
cz243, cz	Czech Republic	Yes
dk159 (dk)	Denmark	Yes
ee454 (et454,ee,et)	Estonia*	Yes
fo	Faroe Islands	Yes
fi153 (su153,fi,su)	Finland	Yes
fr120, fr189 (fr)	France	Yes
ka	Georgia*	Yes
de129 (gr129,de,gr), de453 (gr453)	Germany	Yes
gk220 (el220), gk319 (el319,gk,el), gk459 (el459)	Greece	Yes
hu208, hu	Hungary	Yes
is458 (is), is161 (is197)	Iceland	Yes
it141 (it), it142	Italy	Yes
kk	Kazakhstan*	Yes
ky	Kyrgyzstan*	Yes
la171 (la)	Latin-American-Spanish	Yes
lv, lv455	Latvia*	Yes
lt210, lt211, lt212 (lt), lt221, lt456	Lithuania*	Yes
mk449 (mk)	Macedonia	Yes
mt47 (ml47), mt (ml)	Malta	Yes
mn (mo)	Mongolia*	Yes
nl143 (nl)	Netherlands	Yes
no155 (no)	Norway	Yes
ph	Philippines	Yes
pl214, pl457 (pl)	Poland	Yes
po163 (po)	Portugal	Yes
ro333 (ro), ro446	Romania	Yes
ru441 (ru), ru443	Russia	Yes
sr118 (sr), sr450	Serbia & Montenegro	Yes
sk245 (sk)	Slovakia	Yes
si234 (si)	Slovenia	Yes
es172 (sp172,es173,sp173,es,sp)	Spain	Yes
sv153 (sv)	Sweden	Yes
sd150 (sg150,sd,sg), sf150 (sf)	Swiss	Yes
tm	Turkmenistan	Yes
tr179 (tr), tr440	Turkey	Yes
ua465 (ur465), ua (ur)	Ukraine*	Yes
uk166 (uk), uk168	United Kingdom	Yes
uz	Uzbekistan*	Yes
yu234 (yu)	Yugoslavia	Yes
he862/il862 (he/il)	Israel	No	English (alt+left shift)	Hebrew (alt+right shift)

Note	Starting with DOSBox 0.83.24, for using layouts marked with * the ten ega.cpx files (from FreeDOS) in `Z:\CPI` will be used. See also the "Support for external keyboard files" section below for more information about this.

Alternatively you can also specify a different codepage by adding the codepage number to the end.

KEYB UK 850

Most western European countries would have used codepage 850 back in the day, but DOSBox-X by default uses codepage 858, which is the same as codepage 850 with the addition of the Euro symbol. See the "Support for the Euro symbol" section below for further details.

Note that software that uses certain box drawing characters may not look 100% accurate unless codepage 437 (default US codepage) is used. But this codepage lacks many diacritic glyphs that may be needed for regional support. As such a choice may have to be made between support for those box drawing characters or diacritic glyphs.

There is also a CHCP (CHange CodePage) command to view the current DOS code page, and for the TrueType font (TTF) output it also allows you to change the current DOS code page. For example, CHCP 857 will change the current DOS code page to 857 (Turkish) when using the TrueType font output. As of DOSBox-X version 0.83.14, DOSBox-X also supports CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) double-byte code pages (932, 936, 949, 950) for the TTF output, which allow Chinese/Japanese/Korean characters to be displayed correctly. Moreover, it is recommended to specify a TrueType font that has all characters of the language to be used so that these characters will be rendered correctly with the specified font. More information about the TrueType font output is available from the Using TrueType font output in DOSBox‐X guide page. More information about CJK language support can be found in the East Asian language support in DOSBox‐X guide page.

The Japanese keyboard layout is also supported and will be used by default in NEC PC-98 mode. You can start DOSBox-X in PC-98 mode directly by setting machine=pc98 in the [dosbox] section of the dosbox-x.conf file. DOSBox-X will use codepage 932 in this mode and support Japanese Shift-JIS characters such as Kana and Kanji in addition to ASCII characters. There is an option which will force the use of U.S. keyboard layout in PC-98 mode. More information about PC-98 support is available from the PC‐98 emulation in DOSBox‐X guide page.

Support for the Euro symbol

Note	The information in this section applies to DOSBox-X 0.83.4 and later only. It may not work in previous versions of DOSBox-X.

The Euro symbol (€) is the currency symbol introduced by the European Monetary and Currency Union, and began its use on January 1, 1999. Because the Euro symbol was introduced after Windows 95 was released to the public, most DOS versions (including all versions of MS-DOS and PC DOS up to 7.0) do not support this symbol. Back in the day, codepages such as 850 and 855 were used by most European DOS users, and they did not contain the Euro symbol. DOSBox-X does support these codepages, but it also supports modified codepages with the Euro symbol added, such as codepage 858, which have been introduced since 1999. The modifications only apply to the Euro symbol position, so everything else remains the same.

Below is a table listing the original codepages (without the Euro symbol) and their counterparts with the Euro symbol enabled that are supported in DOSBox-X.

Original codepage	New codepage	Codepage name	Euro symbol position
850	858	Latin 1	ASCII 213 (0xD5)
855	872	Cyrillic	ASCII 207 (0xCF)
866	808	Cyrillic Russian	ASCII 253 (0xFD)

DOSBox-X by default uses the new codepage with the Euro symbol enabled for the specified keyboard layout (if available), when you do not specify a codepage for it. The Euro symbol will be supported and displayed in the above-mentioned ASCII position.

It is also possible to display the Euro symbol instead of the specified ASCII character in any codepage in DOSBox-X, including the default codepage 437 and other codepages without the Euro symbol such as 850. DOSBox-X has an euro config option in the [render] section of the config file (dosbox-x.conf by default), which allows you to specify an ASCII position (between 33 and 255) for the Euro symbol to be rendered in place of the original character if you wish. For example, setting the following will allow DOSBox-X to display the Euro symbol instead of C-cedilla (Ç) in position 128.

[render]
euro=128

It will work even after you use the KEYB command to change the current codepage of DOSBox-X from the command line. The Euro symbol will be displayed in the specified position instead of the original character in that codepage as long as the euro setting remains active.

Support for external keyboard files

DOSBox-X allows the use of external keyboard files for international keyboard layouts in addition to those that are already built into DOSBox-X. A list of supported keyboard layouts in DOSBox-X can be found in the "International keyboard layouts and codepages" section.

For using external keyboard files in DOSBox-X, the FreeDOS .kl files are supported (FreeDOS keyb2 keyboard layout files) as well as the FreeDOS keyboard.sys/keybrd2.sys/keybrd3.sys libraries which consist of all available .kl files.

Check out the FreeDOS website for precompiled keyboard layouts if the DOSBox-X integrated layouts do not work for some reason, or if updated or new layouts become available.

Both .CPI (MS-DOS and compatible codepage files) and .CPX (FreeDOS UPX-compressed codepage files) can be used as the codepage files in DOSBox-X. Some codepages are compiled into DOSBox-X, so it is mostly not needed to care about external codepage files. If you need a different (or custom) codepage file, copy it into the DOSBox-X directory, such it is accessible for DOSBox-X.

If you place all ten ega.cpx files (from FreeDOS) in the DOSBox-X folder, an appropriate codepage file for the requested layout/codepage is chosen automatically.

Additional layouts can be added by copying the corresponding .kl file into the directory of the DOSBox-X config file and using the first part of the filename as the language code. For example, for the file UZ.KL (keyboard layout for Uzbekistan) you can specify the following in the DOSBox-X config file:

[dos]
keyboardlayout=uz

The integration of keyboard layout packages (like keybrd2.sys) works similar.

Use of scancodes for your keyboard layout

Note	The information in this section applies to DOSBox-X 0.83.4 and later only. Previous versions of DOSBox-X did not support the `usescancodes=auto` config setting.

DOSBox-X supports both SDL1 and SDL2 versions, using the cross-platform SDL 1.2 and SDL 2.0 libraries respectively. Since SDL is responsible for input handling in DOSBox-X, there are some differences between the SDL1 binary and the SDL2 binary in regard to the keyboard layout support of DOSBox-X.

The SDL1 version of DOSBox-X in particular only supports the US keyboard layout due to the limitations around the SDL1 library. As such when using the SDL1 version, DOSBox-X will automatically decide whether to use scancodes with the default usescancodes=auto config setting, which should work around most keyboard layout problems with non-US keyboards.

On the other hand, you can override this by changing the setting usescancodes to either true or false. The false setting was the default setting before DOSBox-X 0.83.4, which worked well for US keyboard layout, but the keys could be messed up for non-US keyboards when you are using the SDL1 version. So it is recommended to leave this setting to auto for the SDL1 binary.

When using the SDL2 binary, scancodes are not needed when using non-US keyboard layouts in DOSBox-X (this setting has no effect in the SDL2 version).

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