Remove `no_dead_strip` marks #3118

Job	Run time
Check MSRV	54s
Lint macOS x86_64	2m 34s
Check formatting	28s
Lint iOS ARMv7s	2m 24s
Lint visionOS Aarch64 simulator	2m 24s
Lint GNUStep + exceptions	1m 22s
Lint header-translator	34s
Lint test-assembly	28s
Test macOS 15 Aarch64	1m 35s
Assembly tests	54s
Verify header translator output	54s
${{ ((matrix.test && 'Test') \|\| 'Build') }} ${{ matrix.name }}	0s
Check framework features	0s
Test Compiler-RT	36s
Test GNUStep with libobjc2 v1.9	1m 7s
Test on iOS simulator w. dinghy	0s
Test GNUStep with libobjc2 v2.0	1m 24s
Compiler UI	41s
Test GNUStep with libobjc2 v2.1 on nightly	53s
Test GNUStep 32bit	1m 16s
	20m 28s

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