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| --- | ||
| title: STM32F103 实现 4x4 矩阵键盘的扫描 | ||
| date: 2024-07-09 19:44:57 | ||
| cover: | ||
| categories: | ||
| - STM32 | ||
| - 嵌入式 | ||
| tags: | ||
| - STM32 | ||
| - 单片机 | ||
| - MCU | ||
| - 嵌入式 | ||
| --- | ||
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| 直接放一个实物图在这里 | ||
| 接线放在这里~ | ||
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| | STM32F103C8T6 | 4x4 | | ||
| | --- | --- | | ||
| | A0 | C4 | | ||
| | A1 | C3 | | ||
| | A2 | C2 | | ||
| | A3 | C1 | | ||
| | A4 | R1 | | ||
| | A5 | R2 | | ||
| | A6 | R3 | | ||
| | A7 | R4 | | ||
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| ## 实现原理 | ||
| 遍历矩阵的每一行，开始时将当前遍历的行设置为 低电平，再扫描每一列并判断找出为低电平的列号，符合要求时记录行号和列号 | ||
| 结束当前行时再将当前行设置为 高电平 | ||
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| ## 源代码 | ||
| MATRIX_KEY_Sx 的编号由行号和列号组成 | ||
| matrix_key.h | ||
| ```c | ||
| #ifndef __MATRIX_KEY__ | ||
| #define __MATRIX_KEY__ | ||
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| #include <stm32f10x.h> | ||
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| #define ROW_PINS (GPIO_Pin_4 | GPIO_Pin_5 | GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7) // 定义行引脚为GPIOA的4、5、6、7 | ||
| #define COL_PINS (GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1 | GPIO_Pin_2 | GPIO_Pin_3) // 定义列引脚为GPIOA的0、1、2、3 | ||
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| // 第1行 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S1 0x18 // 0001 1000 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S2 0x14 // 0001 0100 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S3 0x12 // 0001 0010 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S4 0x11 // 0001 0001 | ||
| // 第2行 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S5 0x28 // 0010 1000 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S6 0x24 // 0010 0100 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S7 0x22 // 0010 0010 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S8 0x21 // 0010 0001 | ||
| // 第3行 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S9 0x48 // 0100 0100 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S10 0x44 // 0100 0100 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S11 0x42 // 0100 0010 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S12 0x41 // 0100 0001 | ||
| // 第4行 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S13 0x88 // 1000 1000 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S14 0x84 // 1000 0100 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S15 0x82 // 1000 0010 | ||
| #define MATRIX_KEY_S16 0x81 // 1000 0001 | ||
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| void Init_Matrix_Key(void); | ||
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| void Scan_Matrix_Key(void (*Call_Back)(uint8_t)); | ||
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| #endif | ||
| ``` | ||
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| matrix_key.c | ||
| ```c | ||
| #include <stm32f10x.h> | ||
| #include <Delay.h> | ||
| #include <matrix_key.h> | ||
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| void Init_Matrix_Key(void) { | ||
| GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; | ||
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| RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); // 使能GPIOA时钟 | ||
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| // 设置行引脚为推挽输出 | ||
| GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = ROW_PINS; | ||
| GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; | ||
| GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; | ||
| GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); | ||
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| // 设置列引脚为上拉输入 | ||
| GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = COL_PINS; | ||
| GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU; | ||
| GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); | ||
| } | ||
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| void Scan_Matrix_Key(void (*Call_Back)(uint8_t)) { | ||
| uint8_t row, col; | ||
| uint8_t keyDetected = 0; | ||
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| for (row = 0; row < 4; row++) { // 遍历行 | ||
| GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, 1 << (row + 4)); // 将当前行置为低电平，注意这里使用1 << (row + 4)来选中行 | ||
| Delay_us(10); // 短暂延时以稳定电平 | ||
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| for (col = 0; col < 4; col++) { // 遍历列 | ||
| if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOA, 1 << col) == Bit_RESET) { // 判断该列是否为低电平 | ||
| Delay_ms(100); // 延时去抖动 | ||
| if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOA, 1 << col) == Bit_RESET) { // 再次检查，确认按键被按下 | ||
| keyDetected = (1 << col) | (1 << (row + 4)); // 记录按键位置 | ||
| Call_Back(keyDetected); | ||
| break; // 跳出列循环，因为同一时间只能有一个按键被按下 | ||
| } | ||
| while(GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOA, 1 << col) == Bit_RESET);// 等待弹起 | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, 1 << (row + 4)); // 恢复该行至高电平 | ||
| if (keyDetected) { | ||
| break; // 如果检测到按键，跳出行循环 | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
| 在 main 中调用 | ||
| ```c | ||
| void Matrix_Key_Callback(uint8_t key) { | ||
| switch(key) { | ||
| case MATRIX_KEY_S1: | ||
| // TODO | ||
| break; | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| int main(void) { | ||
| Init_Matrix_Key(); // 初始化 | ||
| while (1) { | ||
| Scan_Matrix_Key(Matrix_Key_Callback); | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| 你可以在串口中输出按键的号码~ | ||
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