CI: Update codeql-action to v3

[RytoEX]

Description

CI: Update github/codeql-action/upload-sarif to v3

Motivation and Context

Reduce CI warnings about outdated actions.

How Has This Been Tested?

Tested on my fork and verified that the CodeQL warning went away:

Run clippy
CodeQL Action v2 will be deprecated on December 5th, 2024. Please update all occurrences of the CodeQL Action in your workflow files to v3. For more information, see https://github.blog/changelog/2024-01-12-code-scanning-deprecation-of-codeql-action-v2/

Types of changes

• Code cleanup (non-breaking change which makes code smaller or more readable)

Checklist:

• My code has been run through clang-format.
• I have read the contributing document.
• My code is not on the master branch.
• The code has been tested.
• All commit messages are properly formatted and commits squashed where appropriate.
• I have included updates to all appropriate documentation.