[BUILD] Fix checks on __cplusplus under MSVC, do not assume /Zc #9041

Job	Run time
CMake clang 14 (maintainer mode, abiv2)	13m 54s
CMake clang 14 (maintainer mode, async)	13m 49s
CMake clang 14 (maintainer mode, sync)	13m 59s
CMake gcc 12 (maintainer mode, async)	7m 48s
CMake gcc 12 (maintainer mode, sync)	7m 46s
CMake msvc (maintainer mode)	7m 48s
CMake test (without otlp-exporter)	4m 32s
CMake test (with abseil)	4m 37s
CMake msvc (maintainer mode) with C++20	8m 27s
CMake test (with opentracing-shim)	4m 15s
CMake C++14 test(GCC)	4m 7s
CMake C++17 test(GCC)	4m 39s
CMake C++20 test(Clang with libc++)	9m 38s
CMake C++20 test(GCC)	8m 16s
CMake test (without otlp-exporter and with async export)	5m 2s
Bazel asan config	14m 36s
Bazel noexcept	11m 59s
Bazel nortti	12m 42s
Bazel	12m 21s
Bazel with async export	12m 13s
Bazel valgrind	13m 53s
Bazel with external abseil	12m 22s
CMake do not install test (with otlp-exporter)	14m 14s
CMake install test (with abseil)	4m 38s
CMake test (with modern protobuf,grpc and abseil)	19m 31s
CMake test (build shared libraries with otlp-exporter and static gRPC)	13m 54s
Plugin -> CMake	1m 2s
CMake test (with otlp-exporter)	14m 11s
Bazel tsan config	12m 55s
Benchmark	8m 33s
Bazel on MacOS	18m 45s
Code coverage	11m 10s
Copyright	7s
Format	14s
markdown-lint	12s
CMake -> exporter proto	12m 14s
Bazel Windows	22m 58s
Plugin -> CMake Windows	6m 24s
CMake (With async export) -> exporter proto	11m 39s
CMake -> exporter proto (Build as DLL)	12m 32s
DocFX check	1m 18s
misspell	4s
	6h 35m 18s

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