MGO

MGO is a purely functionnal scala library based for evolutionary / genetic algorithms:

• enforcing immutability,
• exposes a modular and extensible architecture,
• implements state of the art algorithms,
• handles noisy (stochastic) fitness functions,
• implements auto-adaptatative algortihms,
• implements algorithms with distributed computing in mind for integration with OpenMOLE.

MGO implements NGSAII, NSGA3, CP (Calibration Profile), PSE (Pattern Search Experiment), OSE (Antecedant research), Niched Evolution, ABC (Bayesian Calibration).

Licence

MGO is licenced under the GNU GPLv3 software licence. 

Example

Define a problem, for instance the multi-modal multi-objective ZDT4 benchmark:

  object zdt4 {

    def continuous(size: Int) = Vector.fill(size)(C(0.0, 5.0))
    
    def compute(genome: Vector[Double], d: Vector[Int]): Vector[Double] = {
      val genomeSize = genome.size

      def g(x: Seq[Double]) = 1 + 10 * (genomeSize - 1) + x.map { i => pow(i, 2) - 10 * cos(4 * Pi * i) }.sum

      def f(x: Seq[Double]) = {
        val gx = g(x)
        gx * (1 - sqrt(genome(0) / gx))
      }

      Vector(genome(0), f(genome.tail))
    }

 }

Define the optimisation algorithm, for instance NSGAII:

  import mgo.evolution._
  import mgo.evolution.algorithm._
  
  // For zdt4
  import mgo.test._

  val nsga2 =
    NSGA2(
      mu = 100,
      lambda = 100,
      fitness = zdt4.compute,
      continuous = zdt4.continuous(10))

Run the optimisation:

  def evolution =
    nsga2.
      until(afterGeneration(1000)).
      trace((s, is) => println(s.generation))

  val (finalState, finalPopulation) = evolution.eval(new util.Random(42))

  println(NSGA2.result(nsga2, finalPopulation).mkString("\n"))
  

Noisy fitness functions

All algorithm in MGO have version to compute on noisy fitness function. MGO handle noisy fitness functions by resampling only the most promising individuals. It uses an aggregation function to aggregate the multiple sample when needed.

For instance a version of NSGA2 for noisy fitness functions may be used has follow:

  import mgo._
  import algorithm.noisynsga2._
  import context.implicits._

  object sphere {
    def scale(s: Vector[Double]): Vector[Double] = s.map(_.scale(-2, 2))
    def compute(i: Vector[Double]): Double = i.map(x => x * x).sum
  }

  object noisySphere {
    def scale(s: Vector[Double]): Vector[Double] = sphere.scale(s)
    def compute(rng: util.Random, v: Vector[Double]) =
      sphere.compute(v) + rng.nextGaussian() * 0.5 * math.sqrt(sphere.compute(v))
  }

  def aggregation(history: Vector[Vector[Double]]) = history.transpose.map { o => o.sum / o.size }

  val nsga2 =
    NoisyNSGA2(
      mu = 100,
      lambda = 100,
      fitness = (rng, v) => Vector(noisySphere.compute(rng, v)),
      aggregation = aggregation,
      genomeSize = 2)

  val (finalState, finalPopulation) =
    run(nsga2).
      until(afterGeneration(1000)).
      trace((s, is) => println(s.generation)).
      eval(new util.Random(42))

  println(result(finalPopulation, aggregation, noisySphere.scale).mkString("\n"))

Diversity only

MGO proposes the PSE alorithm that aim a creating diverse solution instead of optimsing a function. The paper about this algorithm can be found here.

  import mgo._
  import algorithm.pse._
  import context.implicits._

  val pse = PSE(
    lambda = 10,
    phenotype = zdt4.compute,
    pattern =
      boundedGrid(
        lowBound = Vector(0.0, 0.0),
        highBound = Vector(1.0, 200.0),
        definition = Vector(10, 10)),
    genomeSize = 10)

  val (finalState, finalPopulation) =
    run(pse).
      until(afterGeneration(1000)).
      trace((s, is) => println(s.generation)).
      eval(new util.Random(42))

  println(result(finalPopulation, zdt4.scale).mkString("\n"))

This program explores all the different combination of values that can be produced by the multi-objective function of ZDT4.

For more examples, have a look at the main/scala/fr/iscpif/mgo/test directory in the repository.

Mixed optimisation and diversity

The calibration profile algorthim compute the best fitness function for a set of niches. This algorithm is explained here.

In MGO you can compute profiles of a 10 dimensional hyper-sphere function using the following:

  import algorithm.profile._
  import context.implicits._

  //Profile the first dimension of the genome
  val algo = Profile(
    lambda = 100,
    fitness = sphere.compute,
    niche = genomeProfile(x = 0, nX = 10),
    genomeSize = 10)

  val (finalState, finalPopulation) =
    run(algo).
      until(afterGeneration(1000)).
      trace((s, is) => println(s.generation)).
      eval(new util.Random(42))

  println(result(finalPopulation, sphere.scale).mkString("\n"))

Noisy profiles

All algorithms in MGO have a pendant for noisy fitness function. Here is an example of a profile computation for a sphere function with noise.

  import algorithm.noisyprofile._
  import context.implicits._

  def aggregation(history: Vector[Double]) = history.sum / history.size
  def niche = genomeProfile(x = 0, nX = 10)

  val algo = NoisyProfile(
    muByNiche = 20,
    lambda = 100,
    fitness = noisySphere.compute,
    aggregation = aggregation,
    niche = niche,
    genomeSize = 5)

  val (finalState, finalPopulation) =
    run(algo).
      until(afterGeneration(1000)).
      trace((s, is) => println(s.generation)).
      eval(new util.Random(42))

  println(result(finalPopulation, aggregation, noisySphere.scale, niche).mkString("\n"))

Distributed computing

Algorithms implemented in MGO are also avialiable in the workflow plateform for distributed computing OpenMOLE.

SBT dependency

  libraryDependencies += "fr.iscpif" %% "mgo" % "2.45"