tiproxy: improve deployment instructions for deploying TiProxy

[djshow832]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Currently, I received some confusion about deploying TiProxy. The main reason is that the documents are spread everywhere.

Some of the confusion:

• I can't find the deployment sample of TiUP
• Are the TLS configs in the sample mandatory?
• How can I customize the deploy directory?
• The description of some configs is unclear
• What's the sample of configuring VIP?

One of the complaints: https://asktug.com/t/topic/1037753

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

Tips for choosing the affected version(s):

By default, CHOOSE MASTER ONLY so your changes will be applied to the next TiDB major or minor releases. If your PR involves a product feature behavior change or a compatibility change, CHOOSE THE AFFECTED RELEASE BRANCH(ES) AND MASTER.

For details, see tips for choosing the affected versions.

• master (the latest development version)
• v9.0 (TiDB 9.0 versions)
• v8.5 (TiDB 8.5 versions)
• v8.4 (TiDB 8.4 versions)
• v8.3 (TiDB 8.3 versions)
• v8.2 (TiDB 8.2 versions)
• v8.1 (TiDB 8.1 versions)
• v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)
• v6.1 (TiDB 6.1 versions)
• v5.4 (TiDB 5.4 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from: tiproxy: improve deployment instructions for deploying TiProxy docs-cn#19415
• Other reference link(s):

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• Delete files
• Change aliases
• Need modification after applied to another branch
• Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-01-07 01:09:34.749836197 +0000 UTC m=+229518.038667903: ☑️ agreed by hfxsd.

[hfxsd]

/approve

[ti-chi-bot]

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[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.1: #19908.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.3: #19909.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.5: #19910.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.4: #19911.