codec(ticdc): canal-json decouple get value from java type and refactor unit test (#10123)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #10123

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #10122

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

Release note

`None`

[ti-chi-bot]

PR needs rebase.

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[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

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[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: The following tests failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
pull-dm-integration-test	d0bbeeb	link	true	/test dm-integration-test
pull-cdc-integration-mysql-test	d0bbeeb	link	true	/test cdc-integration-mysql-test
jenkins-ticdc/verify	d0bbeeb	link	true	/test verify
pull-dm-compatibility-test	d0bbeeb	link	true	/test dm-compatibility-test

Full PR test history. Your PR dashboard.

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[3AceShowHand]

closed by #10126

[ti-chi-bot]

This cherry pick PR is for a release branch and has not yet been approved by triage owners.
Adding the do-not-merge/cherry-pick-not-approved label.

To merge this cherry pick:

1. It must be approved by the approvers firstly.
2. AFTER it has been approved by approvers, please wait for the cherry-pick merging approval from triage owners.

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