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Zilog Z80 CPU Emulator

Introduction

The Z80 library implements a fast, small and accurate emulator of the Zilog Z80. It emulates all that is known to date about this CPU, including the undocumented behaviors, MEMPTR, Q and the special RESET. It also has the honor of having been the first open-source project to provide full emulation of the interrupt mode 0.

The source code is written in ANSI C for maximum portability and is extensively commented. The aim has been to write a well-structured, easy-to-understand piece of software; something solid and elegant that can stand the test of time with no need for major changes.

Accuracy

This Z80 CPU emulator has a classic design with instruction-level granularity that delivers the best performance, whilst offering a reasonable flexibility to achieve precision down to the T-state level.

Instruction-level granularity implies that, except in a few well-defined cases, the execution of a given instruction cannot stop until all its internal M-cycles have been processed (i.e., instructions are not divided into micro-operations). Moreover, registers are modified only once per instruction and the T-state counter is normally updated after a full instruction has been executed.

That said, instructions, flags, memory accesses, interrupts, clock cycles, etc., are accurately emulated according to the available technical documentation, the findings made after decades of research on the Z80 and electronic simulations. And, of course, the emulator passes the most exhaustive tests written to date, including all three major test suites:

Zilog Z80 CPU Test Suite, by Patrik Rak

This set of programs is intended to help the emulator authors to reach the desired level of the CPU emulation authenticity. Each of the included programs performs an exhaustive computation using each of the tested Z80 instructions, compares the results with values obtained from a real Sinclair ZX Spectrum 48K with Zilog Z80 CPU, and reports any deviations detected.

Results (v1.0)

z80full.tap
Tests all flags and registers.
z80doc.tap
Tests all registers, but only officially documented flags.

z80flags.tap
Tests all flags, ignores registers.
z80docflags.tap
Tests documented flags only, ignores registers.

z80ccf.tap
Tests all flags after executing ccf after each instruction tested.
z80memptr.tap
Tests all flags after executing bit N,(hl) after each instruction tested.
Results (v1.2a)

z80full.tap
Tests all flags and registers.
z80doc.tap
Tests all registers, but only officially documented flags.

z80flags.tap
Tests all flags, ignores registers.
z80docflags.tap
Tests documented flags only, ignores registers.

z80ccf.tap
Tests all flags after executing ccf after each instruction tested.
z80memptr.tap
Tests all flags after executing bit N,(hl) after each instruction tested.

Z80 Test Suite, by Mark Woodmass

This suite performs a series of tests to verify the MEMPTR documents (English, Russian), which are spot on, as well as a brief run through several of the CBh/DDh/FDh opcode ranges. The test results in the program are compared against those from a NEC D780C-1 CPU, but Simon Conway kindly tested several other Z80 clones, confirming the same results.

Results

z80tests.tap

Z80 Instruction Set Exerciser, by Frank D. Cringle

Frank Cringle's Z80 Instruction Set Exerciser attempts to execute every Z80 opcode, putting them through a cycle of tests and comparing the results to actual results from running the code on a real Z80. The exerciser is supplied with Frank's Yaze (Yet Another Z80 Emulator). It is often difficult to track down, so Jonathan Graham Harston put it together here, as well as some conversions. The latest release of Yaze is available at Andreas Gerlich's website.

Results (Jonathan Graham Harston's version)

zexdoc.tap
Tests officially documented flag effects.
zexall.tap
Tests all flag changes.
Results (Jan Bobrowski's version)

zexfix.tap
Tests all flag changes.
zexbit.tap
Tests all flag changes of the bit instructions.
Results (Patrik Rak's version)

zexall2.tap

Installation

Debian, Ubuntu and other Debian-based Linux distributions

First, add the zxe repository and update the package index:

sudo mkdir -pm700 /root/.gnupg
sudo mkdir -pm755 /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /etc/apt/keyrings/zxe-archive-keyring.gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys FE214A38D6A0C01D9AF514EE841EA3BD3A7E1487
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/zxe-archive-keyring.gpg] https://zxe.io/repos/apt stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zxe.list
sudo apt update

Next, install the library package:

sudo apt install libz80

In case you need to build software that requires the Z80 library, install the development package too:

sudo apt install libz80-dev

Gentoo

First, add and sync the zxe overlay:

eselect repository add zxe git https://github.com/redcode/zxe-gentoo-overlay.git
emaint sync --repo zxe

Then install the library:

emerge emulation-libs/z80

Homebrew

brew install redcode/zxe/z80

Windows

Pre-built binaries for Windows are available on the download page.

Installation from sources

You will need CMake v3.14 or later to build the package and, optionally, recent versions of Doxygen, Sphinx and Breathe to compile the documentation. Also, make sure that you have LaTeX with PDF support installed on your system if you want to generate the documentation in PDF format.

The emulator requires some types and macros included in Zeta, a dependency-free, header-only library used to retain compatibility with most C compilers. Install Zeta or extract its source code tarball to the root directory of the Z80 project or its parent directory. Zeta is the sole dependency; the emulator is a freestanding implementation and as such does not depend on the C standard library.

Once the prerequisites are met, create a directory and run cmake from there to prepare the build system:

mkdir build
cd build
cmake [options] <Z80-project-directory>

The resulting build files can be configured by passing options to cmake. To show a complete list of those available along with their current settings, type the following:

cmake -LAH -N -B .

If in doubt, read the CMake documentation for more information on configuration options. The following are some of the most relevant standard options of CMake:

Package-specific options are prefixed with Z80_ and can be divided into two groups. The first one controls aspects not related to the source code of the library:

  • -DZ80_DEPOT_LOCATION="<location>"
    Specify the directory or URL of the depot containing the test files (i.e., the firmware and software required by the testing tool).
    The default is "http://zxe.io/depot".

  • -DZ80_FETCH_TEST_FILES=(YES|NO)
    Copy or download the test files from the depot to the build directory.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR="<path>"
    Specify the directory in which to install the CMake config-file package.
    The default is "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/Z80".

  • -DZ80_INSTALL_PKGCONFIGDIR="<path>"
    Specify the directory in which to install the pkg-config file.
    The default is "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig".

  • -DZ80_NOSTDLIB_FLAGS=(Auto|"[<flag>[;<flag>...]]")
    Specify the linker flags used to avoid linking against system libraries.
    The default is Auto (autoconfigure flags). If you get linker errors, set this option to "".

  • -DZ80_OBJECT_LIBS=(YES|NO)
    Build the emulator as an object library.
    This option takes precedence over BUILD_SHARED_LIBS and Z80_SHARED_LIBS. If enabled, the build system will ignore Z80_WITH_CMAKE_SUPPORT and Z80_WITH_PKGCONFIG_SUPPORT, as no libraries or support files will be installed.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_SHARED_LIBS=(YES|NO)
    Build the emulator as a shared library, rather than static.
    This option takes precedence over BUILD_SHARED_LIBS.
    Not defined by default.

  • -DZ80_SPHINX_HTML_THEME="[<name>]"
    Specify the Sphinx theme for the documentation in HTML format.
    The default is "" (use the default theme).

  • -DZ80_WITH_CMAKE_SUPPORT=(YES|NO)
    Generate and install the CMake config-file package.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_HTML_DOCUMENTATION=(YES|NO)
    Build and install the documentation in HTML format.
    It requires Doxygen, Sphinx and Breathe.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_PDF_DOCUMENTATION=(YES|NO)
    Build and install the documentation in PDF format.
    It requires Doxygen, Sphinx, Breathe, and LaTeX with PDF support.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_PKGCONFIG_SUPPORT=(YES|NO)
    Generate and install the pkg-config file.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_STANDARD_DOCUMENTS=(YES|NO)
    Install the standard text documents distributed with the package: AUTHORS, COPYING, COPYING.LESSER, HISTORY, README and THANKS.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_TESTS=(YES|NO)
    Build the testing tool.
    The default is NO.

The second group of package-specific options configures the source code of the library by predefining macros that enable optional features:

  • -DZ80_WITH_EXECUTE=(YES|NO)
    Build the implementation of the z80_execute function.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_FULL_IM0=(YES|NO)
    Build the full implementation of the interrupt mode 0 rather than the reduced one.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_IM0_RETX_NOTIFICATIONS=(YES|NO)
    Enable optional notifications for any reti or retn instruction executed during the interrupt mode 0 response.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_PARITY_COMPUTATION=(YES|NO)
    Enable actual parity calculation for the P/V flag instead of using a table of precomputed values (NOT RECOMMENDED for production builds).
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_PRECOMPUTED_DAA=(YES|NO)
    Use a table of precomputed values to emulate the daa instruction (NOT RECOMMENDED for production builds).
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_Q=(YES|NO)
    Build the implementation of Q.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_SPECIAL_RESET=(YES|NO)
    Build the implementation of the special RESET.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_UNOFFICIAL_RETI=(YES|NO)
    Configure the undocumented instructions ED5Dh, ED6Dh and ED7Dh as reti instead of retn.
    The default is NO.

  • -DZ80_WITH_ZILOG_NMOS_LD_A_IR_BUG=(YES|NO)
    Build the implementation of the bug affecting the Zilog Z80 NMOS, which causes the P/V flag to be reset when a maskable interrupt is accepted during the execution of the ld a,{i|r} instructions.
    The default is NO.

Package maintainers are encouraged to use at least the following options for the shared library:

-DZ80_WITH_EXECUTE=YES
-DZ80_WITH_FULL_IM0=YES
-DZ80_WITH_IM0_RETX_NOTIFICATIONS=YES
-DZ80_WITH_Q=YES
-DZ80_WITH_ZILOG_NMOS_LD_A_IR_BUG=YES

Finally, once the build system is configured according to your needs, build and install the package:

cmake --build . [--config (Debug|Release|RelWithDebInfo|MinSizeRel)]
cmake --install . [--config <configuration>] [--strip]

The --config option is only necessary for those CMake generators that ignore CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE (e.g., Xcode and Visual Studio). Use --strip to remove debugging information and non-public symbols when installing non-debug builds of the shared library.

TL;DR

Use the following to build the emulator as a shared library and install it along with the development files into $HOME/.local:

mkdir work && cd work
git clone https://github.com/redcode/Zeta.git
git clone https://github.com/redcode/Z80.git
cd Zeta
mkdir build && cd build
cmake \
	-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
	-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$HOME/.local" \
	-DZeta_WITH_CMAKE_SUPPORT=YES \
	-DZeta_WITH_PKGCONFIG_SUPPORT=YES \
	..
cmake --install . --config Release
cd ../../Z80
mkdir build && cd build
cmake \
	-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=YES \
	-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
	-DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR="$HOME/.local/lib" \
	-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$HOME/.local" \
	-DZ80_WITH_CMAKE_SUPPORT=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_PKGCONFIG_SUPPORT=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_EXECUTE=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_FULL_IM0=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_IM0_RETX_NOTIFICATIONS=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_Q=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_ZILOG_NMOS_LD_A_IR_BUG=YES \
	..
cmake --build . --config Release
cmake --install . --config Release --strip

build-and-install-Z80.sh

Running the tests

The package includes a tool called test-Z80 capable of running the most relevant CP/M and ZX Spectrum versions of the major test suites. Configure the build system with -DZ80_WITH_TESTS=YES to enable its compilation and -DZ80_FETCH_TEST_FILES=YES to download the firmware and software required. Also note that the Z80 library must be built with -DZ80_WITH_Q=YES to be able to pass Patrik Rak's tests.

Once you have built the package, type the following to run all tests:

./test-Z80 -p depot/firmware -p depot/software/POSIX -p "depot/software/ZX Spectrum" -a

The tool supports options and can run the tests individually (type ./test-Z80 -h for help). If you prefer to run all tests through CTest, use this command:

ctest --verbose --build-config (Debug|Release|RelWithDebInfo|MinSizeRel)

The complete logs generated by test-Z80 emulating different CPU variants are available here:

Note

The CRC errors in the logs of the NEC NMOS variant are normal and match the values obtained on real hardware. The ST CMOS variant is currently under investigation.

TL;DR

Use the following to build and test the emulator:

mkdir work && cd work
git clone https://github.com/redcode/Zeta.git
git clone https://github.com/redcode/Z80.git
cd Z80
mkdir build && cd build
cmake \
	-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
	-DZ80_FETCH_TEST_FILES=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_TESTS=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_EXECUTE=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_FULL_IM0=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_IM0_RETX_NOTIFICATIONS=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_Q=YES \
	-DZ80_WITH_ZILOG_NMOS_LD_A_IR_BUG=YES \
	..
cmake --build . --config Release
ctest --verbose --build-config Release

build-and-test-Z80.sh    build-and-test-Z80.bat

Integration

As an external dependency in CMake-based projects

The Z80 library includes a config-file package for integration into CMake-based projects that must be installed for development. Use find_package to find the Z80 package. This creates the Z80 imported library target, which carries the necessary transitive link dependencies. Optionally, the linking method can be selected by specifying either the Shared or Static component.

Example:

find_package(Z80 REQUIRED Shared)
target_link_libraries(your-target Z80)

When not specified as a component, the linking method is selected according to Z80_SHARED_LIBS. If this option is not defined, the config-file uses the type of library that is installed on the system and, if it finds both the shared and the static versions, BUILD_SHARED_LIBS determines which one to link against.

As a CMake subproject

To embed the Z80 library as a CMake subproject, extract the source code tarballs of Zeta and Z80 (or clone their respective repositories) into a subdirectory of another project. Then use add_subdirectory in the parent project to add the Z80 source code tree to the build process (N.B., the Z80 subproject will automatically find Zeta and import it as an interface library).

It is advisable to configure the Z80 library in the CMakeLists.txt of the parent project. This will prevent the user from having to specify configuration options for the Z80 subproject through the command line when building the main project.

Example:

set(Z80_SHARED_LIBS                 NO  CACHE BOOL "")
set(Z80_WITH_Q                      YES CACHE BOOL "")
set(Z80_WITH_ZILOG_NMOS_LD_A_IR_BUG YES CACHE BOOL "")

add_subdirectory(dependencies/Z80)
target_link_libraries(your-target Z80)

It is important to set the Z80_SHARED_LIBS option. Otherwise, CMake will build the library type indicated by BUILD_SHARED_LIBS, which may not be the desired one.

Non-CMake-based projects

The source code of the emulator can be configured at compile time by predefining a series of macros. Both Z80.h and Z80.c obey the first two explained below. The rest of the macros are only relevant when compiling Z80.c:

  • #define Z80_EXTERNAL_HEADER "header-name.h"
    Specifies the only external header to #include, replacing all others.
    Predefine this macro to provide a header file that defines the external types and macros used by the emulator, thus preventing your project from depending on Zeta. You can use this when compiling Z80.c as a part of your project or (if your types do not break the binary compatibility) when including <Z80.h> and linking against a pre-built Z80 library.

  • #define Z80_STATIC
    Restricts the visibility of public symbols.
    This macro is required if you are building Z80.c as a static library, compiling it directly as a part of your project, or linking your program against the static version of the Z80 library. In either of these cases, make sure this macro is defined before including "Z80.h" or <Z80.h>.

  • #define Z80_WITH_LOCAL_HEADER
    Tells Z80.c to #include "Z80.h" instead of <Z80.h>.

The optional features of the emulator mentioned in "Installation from sources" are disabled by default. If you compile Z80.c as a part of your project, enable those features you need by predefining their respective activation macros. They have the same name as their CMake equivalents:

Except for Z80_EXTERNAL_HEADER, the above macros can be empty; the source code only checks whether they are defined.

Note

The activation of some of the optional features affects the speed of the emulator due to various factors (read the documentation for more details).

Showcase

This emulator has been used by the following projects (listed in alphabetical order):

Thanks

Many thanks to the following individuals (in alphabetical order):

  • Akimov, Vadim (lvd)
    • For testing the library on many different platforms and CPU architectures.
  • azesmbog 🏆
    1. For validating tests on real hardware. 1.1
    2. For discovering the unstable behavior of the ccf/scf instructions.
    3. For testing the ccf/scf instructions on real hardware. 2, 3
    4. For his invaluable help.
  • Banks, David (hoglet) 🏆
    1. For deciphering the additional flag changes of the block instructions. 4.1, 4.2, 5
    2. For his research on the ccf/scf instructions. 5, 6
  • Beliansky, Anatoly (Tolik_Trek)
    • For validating tests on real hardware. 1.2
  • Bobrowski, Jan
    • For fixing the "Z80 Full Instruction Set Exerciser for Spectrum". 7
  • boo_boo 🏆
    • For deciphering the behavior of MEMPTR. 8, 9, 10, 11
  • Brady, Stuart
    • For his research on the ccf/scf instructions. 12
  • Brewer, Tony 🏆
    1. For his research on the special RESET. 4.3, 13
    2. For helping to decipher the additional flag changes of the block instructions. 4
    3. For conducting low-level tests on real hardware. 4
    4. For helping me to test different undocumented behaviors of the Zilog Z80.
  • Bystrov, Dmitry (Alone Coder)
    • For validating tests on real hardware. 1.2
  • Chandler, Richard
    1. For his corrections to the documentation.
    2. For validating tests on real hardware. 14
  • Chunin, Roman (CHRV)
    • For testing the behavior of MEMPTR on real hardware. 8, 9, 10, 11
  • Conway, Simon (BadBeard)
    • For validating the "Z80 Test Suite" on several Z80 clones. 15
  • Cooke, Simon 🏆
    • For discovering how the out (c),0 instruction behaves on the Zilog Z80 CMOS. 16
  • Cringle, Frank D.
    • For writing the "Z80 Instruction Set Exerciser". 17
  • Devic, Goran
    • For his research on undocumented behaviors of the Z80 CPU. 18
  • Dunn, Paul (ZXDunny)
    • For his corrections to the documentation.
  • Equinox
    • For his corrections to the documentation.
  • Flammenkamp, Achim
    • For his article on Z80 interrupts. 19
  • Gimeno Fortea, Pedro 🏆
    1. For his research work. 20
    2. For writing the first-ever ZX Spectrum emulator. 21, 22
  • goodboy
    • For testing the behavior of MEMPTR on real hardware. 8, 9, 10, 11
  • Greenway, Ian
    • For testing the ccf/scf instructions on real hardware. 12, 23
  • Harston, Jonathan Graham
    1. For his research work.
    2. For his technical documents about the Zilog Z80. 24, 25, 26
    3. For porting the "Z80 Instruction Set Exerciser" to the ZX Spectrum. 27
  • Helcmanovsky, Peter (Ped7g) 🎖️
    1. For helping me to write the "IN-MEMPTR" test.
    2. For writing the "Z80 Block Flags Test". 1, 28
    3. For writing the "Z80 CCF SCF Outcome Stability" test. 28
    4. For writing the "Z80 INT Skip" test. 28
    5. For his research on the unstable behavior of the ccf/scf instructions.
    6. For his invaluable help.
  • Iborra Debón, Víctor (Eremus)
    • For validating tests on real hardware.
  • icebear
    • For testing the behavior of MEMPTR on real hardware. 8, 9, 10, 11
  • ICEknight
    • For validating tests on real hardware.
  • Kladov, Vladimir 🏆
    • For deciphering the behavior of MEMPTR. 8, 9, 10, 11
  • Krook, Magnus
    • For validating tests on real hardware. 1.3
  • London, Matthew (mattinx)
    • For validating tests on real hardware.
  • Martínez Cantero, Ricardo (Kyp)
    • For validating tests on real hardware.
  • Molodtsov, Aleksandr
    • For testing the behavior of MEMPTR on real hardware. 8, 9, 10, 11
  • Nair, Arjun
    • For validating tests on real hardware. 1
  • Nicolás-González, César
    • For helping me to investigate the unstable behavior of the ccf/scf instructions.
  • Ortega Sosa, Sofía
    1. For optimizing the emulator.
    2. For her support.
  • Owen, Simon
    • For the idea of the hooking method used in this emulator.
  • Ownby, Matthew P.
    • For his research on the state of the registers after POWER-ON. 29
  • Rak, Patrik 🏆
    1. For improving the "Z80 Instruction Set Exerciser for Spectrum". 30
    2. For deciphering the behavior of the ccf/scf instructions. 15, 30
    3. For writing the "Zilog Z80 CPU Test Suite". 30, 31
    4. For his research on the unstable behavior of the ccf/scf instructions.
  • Rodríguez Jódar, Miguel Ángel (mcleod_ideafix)
    • For his research on the state of the registers after POWER-ON/RESET. 32
  • Rodríguez Palomino, Mario (r-lyeh)
    • For teaching me how emulators work.
  • Sainz de Baranda y Romero, Manuel
    • For teaching me programming and giving me my first computer.
  • Sánchez Ordiñana, José Ismael (Vaporatorius)
    • For validating tests on real hardware. 31.1, 33
  • Sevillano Mancilla, Marta (TheMartian)
    • For validating tests on real hardware. 14.1
  • Stevenson, Dave
    1. For testing the special RESET on real hardware. 13
    2. For conducting low-level tests on real hardware. 4.4
  • Titov, Andrey (Titus)
    • For his research on the ccf/scf instructions. 2, 3
  • Vučenović, Zoran
  • Weissflog, Andre (Floh) 🏆
    1. For discovering that the reti/retn instructions defer the acceptance of the maskable interrupt. 34
    2. For writing the "Visual Z80 Remix" simulator. 35
  • Wilkinson, Oli (evolutional)
    • For validating tests on real hardware. 1
  • Wlodek
    • For testing the behavior of MEMPTR on real hardware. 8, 9, 10, 11
  • Woodmass, Mark (Woody) 🎖️
    1. For his invaluable contributions to the emuscene.
    2. For writing the "Z80 Test Suite". 15
    3. For his research on the ccf/scf instructions. 36
    4. For writing the "HALT2INT" test.
    5. For writing the "EIHALT" test.
  • Young, Sean 🏆
    1. For his research work.
    2. For his technical documents about the Zilog Z80. 20, 29, 37
  • ZXGuesser
    • For validating tests on real hardware.

References

  1. https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6102
    1. https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=83384#p83384
    2. https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=83041#p83041
    3. https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=83157#p83157
  2. https://zx-pk.ru/threads/34173-revers-inzhiniring-z80.html
  3. https://zx-pk.ru/threads/35936-zagadka-plavayushchikh-flagov-scf-ccf-raskryta!.html
  4. https://stardot.org.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?t=15464
    1. https://stardot.org.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=211042#p211042
    2. https://stardot.org.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=212021#p212021
    3. https://stardot.org.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=357136#p357136
    4. https://stardot.org.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=212360#p212360
  5. Banks, David (2018-08-21). "Undocumented Z80 Flags" rev. 1.0.
  6. https://github.com/hoglet67/Z80Decoder/wiki/Unstable-CCF-SCF-Behaviour
  7. http://wizard.ae.krakow.pl/~jb/qaop/tests.html
  8. https://zxpress.ru/zxnet/zxnet.pc/5909
  9. https://zx-pk.ru/threads/2506-komanda-bit-n-(hl).html
  10. https://zx-pk.ru/threads/2586-prosba-realshchikam-ot-emulyatorshchikov.html
  11. boo_boo; Kladov, Vladimir (2006-03-29). "MEMPTR, Esoteric Register of the Zilog Z80 CPU".
  12. https://sourceforge.net/p/fuse-emulator/mailman/message/6929573
  13. Brewer, Tony (2014-12). "Z80 Special Reset".
  14. https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?t=10555
    1. https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/forums/viewtopic.php?p=132144#p132144
  15. https://worldofspectrum.org/forums/discussion/20345
  16. https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.cpm/c/HfSTFpaIkuU/m/KotvMWu3bZoJ
  17. Cringle, Frank D. (1998-01-28). "Yaze - Yet Another Z80 Emulator" v1.10.
    • ftp://ftp.ping.de/pub/misc/emulators/yaze-1.10.tar.gz
  18. https://baltazarstudios.com/zilog-z80-undocumented-behavior
  19. Flammenkamp, Achim. "Interrupt Behaviour of the Z80 CPU".
  20. Young, Sean (1998-10). "Z80 Undocumented Features (in Software Behaviour)" v0.3.
  21. https://elmundodelspectrum.com/desenterrando-el-primer-emulador-de-spectrum
  22. https://elmundodelspectrum.com/con-vosotros-el-emulador-de-pedro-gimeno-1989
  23. https://sourceforge.net/p/fuse-emulator/mailman/message/4502844
  24. Harston, Jonathan Graham (2008). "Full Z80 Opcode List Including Undocumented Opcodes" v0.11 (revised).
  25. Harston, Jonathan Graham (2012). "Z80 Microprocessor Undocumented Instructions" v0.15.
  26. Harston, Jonathan Graham (2014). "Z80 Opcode Map" v0.10 (revised).
  27. https://mdfs.net/Software/Z80/Exerciser/Spectrum
  28. https://github.com/MrKWatkins/ZXSpectrumNextTests
  29. Young, Sean (2005-09-18). "Undocumented Z80 Documented, The" v0.91.
  30. https://worldofspectrum.org/forums/discussion/41704
  31. https://worldofspectrum.org/forums/discussion/41834
    1. https://worldofspectrum.org/forums/discussion/comment/668760/#Comment_668760
  32. https://worldofspectrum.org/forums/discussion/34574
  33. https://jisanchez.com/test-a-dos-placas-de-zx-spectrum
  34. Weissflog, Andre (2021-12-17). "New Cycle-Stepped Z80 Emulator, A".
  35. https://github.com/floooh/v6502r
  36. https://groups.google.com/g/comp.sys.sinclair/c/WPsPr6j6w5k/m/O_u1zNQf3VYJ
  37. Young, Sean (1997-09-21). "Zilog Z80 CPU Specifications".

License

Copyright © 1999-2024 Manuel Sainz de Baranda y Goñi.

This library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Special licensing

Projects where the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License prevent the use of this library, or require unwanted publication of the source code of commercial products, may apply for a special license.

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Highly portable Zilog Z80 CPU emulator written in ANSI C

zxe.io/software/Z80

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c emulator cpu emulation z80 c89 cpu-emulator z80-emulator ansi-c zilog c90 cpu-emulation z80-emulation

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