[CI] Specify runner/container images and add Jazzy jobs

[christophfroehlich]

• Necessary changes to make Updates for noble ros2_control_ci#53 work for noble.
• Add jobs for Jazzy

Jobs for jazzy-main are failing, but jazzy-testing works fine already.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (ros2-master@b2ae538). Click here to learn what that means.
Report is 2 commits behind head on ros2-master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##             ros2-master     #200   +/-   ##
==============================================
  Coverage               ?   50.41%           
==============================================
  Files                  ?        9           
  Lines                  ?      486           
  Branches               ?       63           
==============================================
  Hits                   ?      245           
  Misses                 ?      215           
  Partials               ?       26           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	50.41% <ø> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

[fmauch]

That's nice, thank you for trying that out!

[fmauch]

Seems good to me.