Library to encrypt and decrypt data using a wrapping key thats encoded inside a Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
.
In other words, you must have access to a specific TPM decrypt the wrapping key.
In addition you can stipulate that the key can only get decrypted by the TPM if the user provides a passphrase (userAuth
) or if the target system has certain PCR
values.
Update 11/18/24:
v0.7.0
:changed import protobuf to use seal/unseal
Update 8/16/24: changed the key format to use protobuf
There are two modes to using this library:
-
Seal/Unseal
To use this, you must have access to the same TPM for both encrypting and decrypting.
When you encrypt data, it can ONLY get decrypted by that SAME TPM.
-
Remote encryption
This mode utilizes a TPM
Endorsement Public Key (EKPub)
to wrap the some data which can ONLY get decrypted by the TPM that owns the EKPubThis mode requires local access to a real or simulated TPM to encrypt the data.
For a detailed description on how these modes work, see the Background section at the end
This library builds off of Hashicorp Vault wrapping https://github.com/hashicorp/go-kms-wrapping.
You can use this as a library or CLI
This library is NOT supported by google
Examples below uses two software TPMs (--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
). IRL you'd use actual TPMs (--tpm-path="/dev/tpm0"
).
To configure the software TPM on your laptop for testing, see the Using swtpm
section below.
You can build or download the cli from the Releases
section
go build -o go-tpm-wrapping cmd/main.go
CLI Options:
Option | Description |
---|---|
-mode |
operation mode seal or import (default: seal ) |
-encryptedBlob |
file to decrypt or write encrypted data to (default: /tmp/encrypted.json ) |
-keyName |
User set key name (default: key1 ) |
-decrypt |
toggle if decryption should occur (default: false ) |
-tpmPath |
path to tpm (default: /dev/tpmrm0 ) |
-keyPass |
password to seal the key with (default: ``) |
-hierarchyPass |
password for the hierarchy (if any) (for import it is for the Endorsement; for Seal it is for Owner) (default ``) |
-pcrValues |
PCR values to bind to (comma separated pcr banks, ascending) (default ``) |
-dataToEncrypt |
some small text to encrypt (default ``) |
-debug |
toggle debug mode (default: false ) |
-encrypting_public_key |
for Import: path to the PEM public key for the target TPM (default: ``) |
-tpm-session-encrypt-with-name |
TPM "name" in hex to encrypt TPM sessions against (default: ``) |
To use, simply initialize the wrapper as shown below, specify a path to the TPM and optionally the PCR values to bind against
To use as a CLI, you can run cmd/main.go
or download from the Releases page. If you want to use as an API, see the example/ folder
- encrypt/decrypt
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug --decrypt=true \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json --tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
- encrypt/decrypt with passphrase
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --keyPass=testpass --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug --keyPass=testpass --decrypt=true \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json --tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
- encrypt/decrypt with passphrase and PCR values
### for example, if you want to stipulate the following PCR values must be present to unseal
$ tpm2_pcrread sha256:0,23
sha256:
0 : 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
23: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
## encrypt/decrypt
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--keyPass=testpass \
--pcrValues=0:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,23:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug --decrypt=true \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json --keyPass=testpass \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
to verify that pcr values are actually used, increment the PCR after which decryption will fail
# export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2321"
$ tpm2_pcrread sha256:23
sha256:
23: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
$ tpm2_pcrextend 23:sha256=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
$ tpm2_pcrread sha256:23
sha256:
23: 0xF5A5FD42D16A20302798EF6ED309979B43003D2320D9F0E8EA9831A92759FB4B
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug --decrypt=true \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json --keyPass=testpass \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
Error decrypting executing unseal: TPM_RC_POLICY_FAIL (session 1): a policy check failed
If you set auth on the owner key, set the --hierarchyPass=
parameter:
### set a password on the owner hierarchy
$ export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2321"
$ tpm2_changeauth -c owner newpass
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --hierarchyPass=newpass --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=seal --debug --hierarchyPass=newpass --decrypt=true \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json --tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
If you set auth on the owner key, set the --hierarchyPass=
parameter:
To use this mode, you must first acquire the RSA Endorsement Public Key (ekPub)
. At the moment only RSA keys are supported (a todo is EC)
The ekPub can be extracted from the Endorsement Certificate
on a TPM or on GCE, via an API.
To use tpm2_tools
on the target machine (the one where you want to transfer a key to)
$ tpm2_createek -c /tmp/primaryB.ctx -G rsa -u /tmp/ekB.pub -Q
$ tpm2_readpublic -c /tmp/primaryB.ctx -o /tmp/ekpubB.pem -f PEM -Q
## or from the ekcert
# $ tpm2_getekcertificate -X -o /tmp/ECcert.bin
# $ openssl x509 -in /tmp/ECcert.bin -inform DER -noout -text
# $ openssl x509 -pubkey -noout -in /tmp/ECcert.bin -inform DER
Copy the public key to the host you want to transfer they key from. This is the encrypting_public_key
Just to note, you don't really need access to a real, permanent TPM on the system you're transferring from. You can even use a simulator (--tpm-path="simulator"
)
The following encrypts some data using just the remote ekpub
- encrypt/decrypt
# encrypt
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --debug \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
# note, you can even encrypt the data with a --tpm-path="simulator"
- copy scp
/tmp/encrypted.json
to VM
# decrypt
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --debug --decrypt --encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
- With userAuth
# encrypt
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --debug \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --keyPass=bar --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
Then on a machine with the TPM, run
# decrypt
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --debug --decrypt \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json --keyPass=bar \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
- With PCR
## encrypt/decrypt and bind the data to the **destination TPM's** values in
### If you want the TPM where you want to decrypt to have the following PCR values
export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
export TPM2OPENSSL_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
$ tpm2_pcrread sha256:0,23
sha256:
0 : 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
23: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
## then just specify them while encrypting
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --debug \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--dataToEncrypt=foo \
--pcrValues=0:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,23:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
then,
# decrypt
## then these PCRs are read in to decrypt on the destination
$ go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --debug --decrypt \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
For validation, increment the PCR value on TPM-B
export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
$ tpm2_pcrread sha256:0,23
sha256:
0 : 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
23: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
$ tpm2_pcrextend 23:sha256=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
$ tpm2_pcrread sha256:0,23
sha256:
0 : 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
23: 0xF5A5FD42D16A20302798EF6ED309979B43003D2320D9F0E8EA9831A92759FB4B
# loading the value fails
go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --decrypt \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
Error decrypting EncryptSymmetric failed: TPM_RC_POLICY_FAIL (session 1): a policy check failed
If the local or remote TPM has a passphrase for the Owner or Endorsement key, you can specify the --hierarchyPass=
parameter:
## if the local owner key has a passphrase set
export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2321"
tpm2_changeauth -c owner newpass1
## if the remote has a passphrase on the endorsement key
export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
tpm2_changeauth -c endorsement newpass2
# encrypt and specify the local
go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --hierarchyPass=newpass1 \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
# decrypt and specify the remote
go-tpm-wrapping --mode=import --hierarchyPass=newpass2 --decrypt --encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
If you want to use the api instead of the CLI, see the example/
folder
Encrypt:
import (
wrapping "github.com/hashicorp/go-kms-wrapping/v2"
tpmwrap "github.com/salrashid123/go-tpm-wrapping"
)
wrapper := tpmwrap.NewWrapper()
// you can also use options: wrapper.SetConfig(ctx, WithTPM(*tpmPath))
_, err := wrapper.SetConfig(ctx, wrapping.WithConfigMap(map[string]string{
tpmwrap.TPM_PATH: *tpmPath,
// tpmwrap.PCR_VALUES: *pcrValues,
// tpmwrap.USER_AUTH: *userAuth,
}))
blobInfo, err := wrapper.Encrypt(ctx, []byte(*dataToEncrypt))
fmt.Printf("Encrypted: %s\n", hex.EncodeToString(blobInfo.Ciphertext))
Decrypt:
wrapper := tpmwrap.NewWrapper()
_, err := wrapper.SetConfig(ctx, wrapping.WithConfigMap(map[string]string{
tpmwrap.TPM_PATH: *tpmPath,
// tpmwrap.USER_AUTH: *userAuth,
}))
b, err := os.ReadFile(*encryptedBlob)
newBlobInfo := &wrapping.BlobInfo{}
err = protojson.Unmarshal(b, newBlobInfo)
plaintext, err := wrapper.Decrypt(ctx, newBlobInfo)
fmt.Printf("Decrypted %s\n", string(plaintext))
# no auth
## encrypt/decrypt
$ go run seal_encrypt/main.go --dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go run seal_decrypt/main.go --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
# password and pcr
$ go run seal_encrypt/main.go --dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--userAuth=abc --pcrValues=23:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go run seal_decrypt/main.go --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--userAuth=abc \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
API usage for import on the local machine is (the one where you want to transfer a secret from)
import (
wrapping "github.com/hashicorp/go-kms-wrapping/v2"
tpmwrap "github.com/salrashid123/go-tpm-wrapping"
)
wrapper := tpmwrap.NewRemoteWrapper()
// you can also use options: wrapper.SetConfig(ctx, WithTPM(*tpmPath), WithEncryptingPublicKey(hex.EncodeToString(b)))
_, err = wrapper.SetConfig(ctx, wrapping.WithConfigMap(map[string]string{
tpmwrap.TPM_PATH: *tpmPath,
tpmwrap.ENCRYPTING_PUBLIC_KEY: hex.EncodeToString(b),
// tpmwrap.PCR_VALUES: *pcrValues,
// tpmwrap.USER_AUTH: *userAuth,
}))
blobInfo, err := wrapper.Encrypt(ctx, []byte(*dataToEncrypt))
eb, err := protojson.Marshal(blobInfo)
fmt.Printf("Encrypted: %s\n", hex.EncodeToString(blobInfo.Ciphertext))
At this point, copy encrypted_blob
to the machine where you want to transfer a key to
wrapper := tpmwrap.NewRemoteWrapper()
_, err = wrapper.SetConfig(ctx, wrapping.WithConfigMap(map[string]string{
tpmwrap.TPM_PATH: *tpmPath,
tpmwrap.ENCRYPTING_PUBLIC_KEY: hex.EncodeToString(b),
// tpmwrap.USER_AUTH: *userAuth,
}))
eb, err := os.ReadFile(*encryptedBlob)
newBlobInfo := &wrapping.BlobInfo{}
err = protojson.Unmarshal(eb, newBlobInfo)
plaintext, err := wrapper.Decrypt(ctx, newBlobInfo)
fmt.Printf("Decrypted %s\n", string(plaintext))
# no auth
$ go run import_encrypt/main.go --dataToEncrypt=foo \
--encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json --encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go run import_decrypt/main.go --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem --tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
# password
$ go run import_encrypt/main.go --dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--userAuth=abc \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go run import_decrypt/main.go --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--userAuth=abc \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
# pcr
$ go run import_encrypt/main.go --dataToEncrypt=foo --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--pcrValues=23:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2321"
$ go run import_decrypt/main.go --encryptedBlob=/tmp/encrypted.json \
--encrypting_public_key=/tmp/ekpubB.pem \
--tpm-path="127.0.0.1:2341"
Each operation uses encrypted sessions by default and interrogates the TPM for the current EK directly.
If for whatever reason you want to specify the "name" of the EK to to use, set the --tpm-session-encrypt-with-name=
parameter shown below
# for tpmA
tpm2_createek -c /tmp/primaryA.ctx -G rsa -Q
tpm2_readpublic -c /tmp/primaryA.ctx -o /tmp/ekpubA.pem -n /tmp/ekpubAname.bin -f PEM -Q
xxd -p -c 100 /tmp/ekpubAname.bin
000b47ab97fdda365cbb86a37548e38468f72e8baccc633cffc42402183679956608
# Then use the hex value returned in the --tpm-session-encrypt-with-name= argument.
--tpm-session-encrypt-with-name=000b47ab97fdda365cbb86a37548e38468f72e8baccc633cffc42402183679956608
The following details some background how each of these modes works:
Sealing data to a TPM is pretty well known (see tpm2_unseal). Basically you create a key where the sensitive data within that key is the actual secret. The Key itself can have a password or pcr policy set which must get fulfilled to unseal. In this library, the wrapping DEK is what is sealed.
to Encrypt
:
- given plaintext, use go-kms-wrapping.Encrypt() to encrypt. This will return a new inner encryption key, initialization vector and cipher text
- generate a primary key on the TPM
- create a session or pcr policy to apply to the TPM
- generate child key on the TPM with any policy and set its "sensitive" data to inner encryption key
- convert the child TPM key to a PEM encoded format
- create a protobuf that contains the encoded keyfile
- return the ciphertext, initialization vector and encoded tpm key
key1, ciphertext1, iv1: = go-kms-wrapping.Encrypt(plaintext1)
tpm_key = tpm2_seal(key1)
to Decrypt
:
- read the ciphertext, IV and encoded tpm key
- generate a primary key on the TPM
- create a session or pcr policy to apply to the TPM
- load the encoded tpm key
- unseal the tpm key to acquire the inner encryption key
- use the inner key, IV and ciphertext to run go-kms-wrapping.Decrypt()
- return the plaintext
key1 = tpm_key.unseal()
plaintext1 = go-kms-wrapping.Decrypt(key1, iv1, ciphertext1)
For this, you encrypt some data remotely using just a public encryption key for the target TPM.
A: To transfer a secret from TPM-A
to TPM-B
with userAuth or PCRPolicy
TPM-B
: createekpubB.pem
- copy
ekpubB.pem
toTPM-A
on TPM-A
:
- given plaintext, use go-kms-wrapping.Encrypt() to encrypt.
This will return a new inner encryption key (
env.Key
), initialization vector and cipher text - create a trial session with
PolicyDuplicateSelect
usingTPM-B
's ekpub - create a TPM key of type
tpm2.TPMAlgKeyedHash
onTPM-A
with userAuth+PolicyDuplicateSelect
or asPolicyOr[PolicyDuplicateSelect||PolicyPCR]
. - set the
env.Key
as the TPM keys sensitive part (i.,e seal data) - duplicate the TPM based key using the
Policyduplicateselect
and a real session
env.key, ciphertext1, iv1: = go-kms-wrapping.Encrypt(plaintext1)
tpm_key = new tpm2_create(auth=with_auth_policy, type=tpm2.TPMAlgKeyedHash, sensitive=env.key)
duplicate = tpm2_duplicate(tpm_key, ekPubB.pem)
copy the duplicated key and wrapped ciphertext1, iv1 to TPM-B
(all of which is encoded into one file)
on TPM-B
:
- create a real session with
PolicySecret
(since we used the EndorsementKey) - Import and Load the duplicated key with the policy
- Use the TPM-based key, specify the userAuth or
PolicyPCR
and unseal the _inner encryption key (env.Key
)
tpm_key = tpm2_import(duplicate)
env.key = tpm2_unseal(ciphertext2)
plaintext1 = go-kms-wrapping.Decrypt(env.key, iv1, ciphertext1)
also see
- tpmrand Encrypted Session
- aws-tpm-process-credential Encrypted Sessions
- salrashid123/tpm2/Session Encryption
If you want to regenerate with protoc:
$ /usr/local/bin/protoc --version
libprotoc 25.1
$ go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
$ /usr/local/bin/protoc -I ./ --include_imports \
--experimental_allow_proto3_optional --include_source_info \
--descriptor_set_out=tpmwrappb/wrap.proto.pb \
--go_out=paths=source_relative:. tpmwrappb/wrap.proto
TODO
The default mode for "import" utilizes the Endorsement Public key. A TODO is to allow any encryption key you trust on the target TPM (TPM-B
).
You would create an arbitrary encryption-only key using something like the following and evict it to a persistent handle as shown below on TPM-B
export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
export TPM2OPENSSL_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
tpm2_pcrread sha256:0,23
## create "H2 Template" as primary, you can setup any primary you want
printf '\x00\x00' > unique.dat
tpm2_createprimary -C o -G ecc -g sha256 -c primary.ctx -a "fixedtpm|fixedparent|sensitivedataorigin|userwithauth|noda|restricted|decrypt" -u unique.dat
tpm2_create -G rsa -u key.pub -r key.priv -C primary.ctx -a "fixedtpm|fixedparent|sensitivedataorigin|userwithauth|decrypt"
tpm2_load -C primary.ctx -u key.pub -r key.priv -c key.ctx
echo "meet me at..." > secret.txt
tpm2_rsaencrypt -c key.ctx -o secret.txt.enc secret.txt
tpm2_rsadecrypt -c key.ctx -o secret.txt.dec secret.txt.enc
tpm2_flushcontext -t
## cant' use this key for signing
## tpm2_sign -c key.ctx -g sha256 -o sig.rssa secret.txt
tpm2_readpublic -c key.ctx -o /tmp/pubA.pem -f PEM -Q
tpm2_evictcontrol -C o -c key.ctx 0x81010001
Copy /tmp/pubA.pem
to TPM-A
and start the import.
Copy the encryptedblob.json
to TPM-B
. Specify the persistent handle while importing on TPM-B
(eg, use (--mode=import --parentHandle=0x81010001
))
If you want to test locally with software TPMs:
### start two emulators
## TPM-A
rm -rf /tmp/myvtpm && mkdir /tmp/myvtpm
sudo swtpm_setup --tpmstate /tmp/myvtpm --tpm2 --create-ek-cert
sudo swtpm socket --tpmstate dir=/tmp/myvtpm --tpm2 --server type=tcp,port=2321 --ctrl type=tcp,port=2322 --flags not-need-init,startup-clear
## TPM-B
rm -rf /tmp/myvtpm2 && mkdir /tmp/myvtpm2
sudo swtpm_setup --tpmstate /tmp/myvtpm2 --tpm2 --create-ek-cert
sudo swtpm socket --tpmstate dir=/tmp/myvtpm2 --tpm2 --server type=tcp,port=2341 --ctrl type=tcp,port=2342 --flags not-need-init,startup-clear
### For TPM-A
export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2321"
export TPM2OPENSSL_TCTI="swtpm:port=2321"
tpm2_pcrread sha256:0,23
tpm2_flushcontext -t && tpm2_flushcontext -s && tpm2_flushcontext -l
tpm2_createek -c /tmp/primaryA.ctx -G rsa -Q
tpm2_readpublic -c /tmp/primaryA.ctx -o /tmp/ekpubA.pem -n /tmp/ekpubAname.bin -f PEM -Q
tpm2_flushcontext -t && tpm2_flushcontext -s && tpm2_flushcontext -l
## for import create ek on TPM-B
export TPM2TOOLS_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
export TPM2OPENSSL_TCTI="swtpm:port=2341"
tpm2_pcrread sha256:0,23
tpm2_createek -c /tmp/primaryB.ctx -G rsa -Q
tpm2_readpublic -c /tmp/primaryB.ctx -o /tmp/ekpubB.pem -n /tmp/ekpubBname.bin -f PEM -Q
tpm2_flushcontext -t && tpm2_flushcontext -s && tpm2_flushcontext -l
swtpm
does not include a resource manager so you may need to run tpm2_flushcontext -t && tpm2_flushcontext -s && tpm2_flushcontext -l