Extract and re-use element morphing logic

Follow-up to [hotwired#1185][]
Related to [hotwired#1192][]

The `morph{Page,Frames,Elements}` functions
---

Introduce a new `src/core/morphing` module to expose a centralized and
re-usable `morphElements(currentElement, newElement)` function to be
invoked across the various morphing contexts. Next, move the logic from
the `MorphRenderer` into a module-private `IdomorphCallbacks` class. The
`IdomorphCallbacks` class (like its `MorphRenderer` predecessor) wraps a
call to `Idiomorph` based on its own set of callbacks. The bulk of the
logic remains in the `IdomorphCallbacks` class, including checks for
`[data-turbo-permanent]`. To serve as a seam for integration, the class
retains a reference to a callback responsible for:

* providing options for the `Idiomorph`
* determining whether or not a node should be skipped while morphing

The `MorphingPageRenderer` skips `<turbo-frame refresh="morph">` elements
so that it can override their rendering to use morphing. Similarly, the
`MorphingFrameRenderer` provides the `morphStyle: "innerHTML"` option to
morph its children.

Changes to the renderers
---

To integrate with the new module, first rename the `MorphRenderer` to
`MorphingPageRenderer` to set a new precedent that communicates the
level of the document the morphing is scoped to. With that change in
place, define the static `MorphingPageRenderer.renderElement` to mirror
the other existing renderer static functions (like
[PageRenderer.renderElement][], [ErrorRenderer.renderElement][], and
[FrameRenderer.renderElement][]). This integrates with the changes
proposed in [hotwired#1028][].

Next, modify the rest of the `MorphingPageRenderer` to integrate with
its `PageRenderer` ancestor in a way that invokes the static
`renderElement` function. This involves overriding the
`preservingPermanentElements(callback)` method. In theory, morphing has
implications on the concept of "permanence". In practice, morphing has
the `[data-turbo-permanent]` attribute receive special treatment during
morphing.

Following the new precedent, introduce a new `MorphingFrameRenderer`
class to define the `MorphingFrameRenderer.renderElement` function that
invokes the `morphElements` function with `newElement.children` and
`morphStyle: "innerHTML"`.

Changes to the StreamActions
---

The extraction of the `morphElements` function makes entirety of the
`src/core/streams/actions/morph.js` module redundant. This commit
removes that module and invokes `morphElements` directly within the
`StreamActions.morph` function.

Future possibilities
---

In the future, additional changes could be made to expose the morphing
capabilities as part of the `window.Turbo` interface.

For example, applications could experiment with supporting [Page
Refresh-style morphing for pages with different URL pathnames][hotwired#1177] by
overriding the rendering mechanism in `turbo:before-render`:

```js
addEventListener("turbo:before-render", (event) => {
  const someCriteriaForMorphing = ...

  if (someCriteriaForMorphing) {
    event.detail.render = Turbo.morphPage
  }
})

addEventListener("turbo:before-frame-render", (event) => {
  const someCriteriaForMorphingAFrame = ...

  if (someCriteriaForMorphingAFrame) {
    event.detail.render = Turbo.morphFrames
  }
})
```

[hotwired#1185]: hotwired#1185 (comment)
[hotwired#1192]: hotwired#1192
[PageRenderer.renderElement]: https://github.com/hotwired/turbo/blob/9fb05e3ed3ebb15fe7b13f52941f25df425e3d15/src/core/drive/page_renderer.js#L5-L11
[ErrorRenderer.renderElement]: https://github.com/hotwired/turbo/blob/9fb05e3ed3ebb15fe7b13f52941f25df425e3d15/src/core/drive/error_renderer.js#L5-L9
[FrameRenderer.renderElement]: https://github.com/hotwired/turbo/blob/9fb05e3ed3ebb15fe7b13f52941f25df425e3d15/src/core/frames/frame_renderer.js#L5-L16
[hotwired#1028]: hotwired#1028
[hotwired#1177]: hotwired#1177

src/core/drive/morphing_page_renderer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { FrameElement } from "../../elements/frame_element"
+import { MorphingFrameRenderer } from "../frames/morphing_frame_renderer"
+import { PageRenderer } from "./page_renderer"
+import { dispatch } from "../../util"
+import { morphElements } from "../morphing"
+
+export class MorphingPageRenderer extends PageRenderer {
+  static renderElement(currentElement, newElement) {
+    morphElements(currentElement, newElement, {
+      callbacks: {
+        beforeNodeMorphed: element => !canRefreshFrame(element)
+      }
+    })
+
+    for (const frame of currentElement.querySelectorAll("turbo-frame")) {
+      if (canRefreshFrame(frame)) refreshFrame(frame)
+    }
+
+    dispatch("turbo:morph", { detail: { currentElement, newElement } })
+  }
+
+  async preservingPermanentElements(callback) {
+    return await callback()
+  }
+
+  get renderMethod() {
+    return "morph"
+  }
+
+  get shouldAutofocus() {
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+function canRefreshFrame(frame) {
+  return frame instanceof FrameElement &&
+    frame.src &&
+    frame.refresh === "morph" &&
+    !frame.closest("[data-turbo-permanent]")
+}
+
+function refreshFrame(frame) {
+  frame.addEventListener("turbo:before-frame-render", ({ detail }) => {
+    detail.render = MorphingFrameRenderer.renderElement
+  }, { once: true })
+
+  frame.reload()
+}

src/core/drive/page_view.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { nextEventLoopTick } from "../../util"
 import { View } from "../view"
 import { ErrorRenderer } from "./error_renderer"
-import { MorphRenderer } from "./morph_renderer"
+import { MorphingPageRenderer } from "./morphing_page_renderer"
 import { PageRenderer } from "./page_renderer"
 import { PageSnapshot } from "./page_snapshot"
 import { SnapshotCache } from "./snapshot_cache"
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ export class PageView extends View {
   }
 
   renderPage(snapshot, isPreview = false, willRender = true, visit) {
-    const shouldMorphPage = this.isPageRefresh(visit) && snapshot.shouldMorphPage
-    const rendererClass = shouldMorphPage ? MorphRenderer : PageRenderer
+    const shouldMorphPage = this.isPageRefresh(visit) && this.snapshot.shouldMorphPage
+    const rendererClass = shouldMorphPage ? MorphingPageRenderer : PageRenderer
 
-    const renderer = new rendererClass(this.snapshot, snapshot, PageRenderer.renderElement, isPreview, willRender)
+    const renderer = new rendererClass(this.snapshot, snapshot, rendererClass.renderElement, isPreview, willRender)
 
     if (!renderer.shouldRender) {
       this.forceReloaded = true

src/core/frames/morphing_frame_renderer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { FrameRenderer } from "./frame_renderer"
+import { morphChildren } from "../morphing"
+import { dispatch } from "../../util"
+
+export class MorphingFrameRenderer extends FrameRenderer {
+  static renderElement(currentElement, newElement) {
+    dispatch("turbo:before-frame-morph", {
+      target: currentElement,
+      detail: { currentElement, newElement }
+    })
+
+    morphChildren(currentElement, newElement)
+  }
+}

src/core/morphing.js

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { Idiomorph } from "idiomorph/dist/idiomorph.esm.js"
+import { dispatch } from "../util"
+
+export function morphElements(currentElement, newElement, { callbacks, ...options } = {}) {
+  Idiomorph.morph(currentElement, newElement, {
+    ...options,
+    callbacks: new DefaultIdiomorphCallbacks(callbacks)
+  })
+}
+
+export function morphChildren(currentElement, newElement) {
+  morphElements(currentElement, newElement.children, {
+    morphStyle: "innerHTML"
+  })
+}
+
+class DefaultIdiomorphCallbacks {
+  #beforeNodeMorphed
+
+  constructor({ beforeNodeMorphed } = {}) {
+    this.#beforeNodeMorphed = beforeNodeMorphed || (() => true)
+  }
+
+  beforeNodeAdded = (node) => {
+    return !(node.id && node.hasAttribute("data-turbo-permanent") && document.getElementById(node.id))
+  }
+
+  beforeNodeMorphed = (currentElement, newElement) => {
+    if (currentElement instanceof Element) {
+      if (!currentElement.hasAttribute("data-turbo-permanent") && this.#beforeNodeMorphed(currentElement, newElement)) {
+        const event = dispatch("turbo:before-morph-element", {
+          cancelable: true,
+          target: currentElement,
+          detail: { currentElement, newElement }
+        })
+
+        return !event.defaultPrevented
+      } else {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  beforeAttributeUpdated = (attributeName, target, mutationType) => {
+    const event = dispatch("turbo:before-morph-attribute", {
+      cancelable: true,
+      target,
+      detail: { attributeName, mutationType }
+    })
+
+    return !event.defaultPrevented
+  }
+
+  beforeNodeRemoved = (node) => {
+    return this.beforeNodeMorphed(node)
+  }
+
+  afterNodeMorphed = (currentElement, newElement) => {
+    if (currentElement instanceof Element) {
+      dispatch("turbo:morph-element", {
+        target: currentElement,
+        detail: { currentElement, newElement }
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}

src/core/streams/stream_actions.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { session } from "../"
-import morph from "./actions/morph"
+import { morphElements, morphChildren } from "../morphing"
 
 export const StreamActions = {
   after() {
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ export const StreamActions = {
   },
 
   morph() {
-    morph(this)
+    const morph = this.hasAttribute("children-only") ?
+      morphChildren :
+      morphElements
+
+    this.targetElements.forEach((targetElement) => morph(targetElement, this.templateContent))
   }
 }