Jayson

Jayson is a JSON-RPC 2.0 and 1.0 compliant server and client written in JavaScript for node.js that aims to be as simple as possible to use.

Table of contents

• Features
• Example
• Installation
• Changelog
• Requirements
• Class Documentation
• Running tests
• Usage
  • Client
    • Interface description
    • Browser usage
    • Notifications
    • Batches
    • Callback syntactic sugar
    • Events
  • Server
    • Interface description
    • Many interfaces at the same time
    • Using the server as a relay
    • Method routing
    • Method definition
    • Events
    • Errors
    • CORS
• Revivers and replacers
• Named parameters
• Promises
  • Batches
• Contributing

Features

• Servers that can listen to several interfaces at the same time
• Supports both HTTP and TCP client and server connections
• Server-side method routing
• Relaying of requests to other servers
• JSON reviving and replacing for transparent serialization of complex objects
• CLI client
• Promises
• Fully tested to comply with the official JSON-RPC 2.0 specification
• Also supports JSON-RPC 1.0

Example

A basic JSON-RPC 2.0 server via HTTP:

Server example in examples/simple_example/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');

// create a server
var server = jayson.server({
  add: function(args, callback) {
    callback(null, args[0] + args[1]);
  }
});

server.http().listen(3000);

Client example in examples/simple_example/client.js invoking add on the above server:

var jayson = require('jayson');

// create a client
var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000
});

// invoke "add"
client.request('add', [1, 1], function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // 2
});

Installation

Install the latest version of jayson from npm by executing npm install jayson in your shell. Do a global install with npm install --global jayson if you want the jayson client CLI in your PATH.

Changelog (only notable milestones)

• 2.0.6
  • Clarified how to use in the browser
• 2.0.0
  • Added support for promises
  • Breaking: collect: true is now the default option for a new jayson.Server and jayson.Method
• 1.2.0
  • Greatly improved server method definition
• 1.1.1
  • More http server events
  • Remove fork server and client
  • Add server routing
• 1.0.11 Add support for a HTTPS client
• 1.0.9 Add support for TCP servers and clients

CLI client

There is a basic CLI client in bin/jayson.js and it should be available as jayson in your shell if you installed the package globally. Run jayson --help to see how it works.

Requirements

Jayson does not have any special dependencies that cannot be resolved with a simple npm install. It is being continuously tested using travis-ci. You can look inside .travis.yml if you want to see which versions are tested against.

Class documentation

In addition to this document, a comprehensive class documentation made with jsdoc is available at jayson.tedeh.net.

Running tests

• Change directory to the repository root
• Install the development packages by executing npm install --dev
• Run the tests with npm run test

Usage

Client

The client is available as the Client or client property of require('jayson').

Client interface description

Name	Description
Client	Base class
Client.tcp	TCP interface
Client.tls	TLS interface
Client.http	HTTP interface
Client.https	HTTPS interface
Client.browser	Browser interface

Every client supports these options:

Option	Default	Type	Description
reviver	undefined	Function	JSON.parse reviver
replacer	undefined	Function	JSON.stringify replacer
generator	RFC4122 generator	Function	Generates a String for request ID.
version	2	Number	JSON-RPC version to support (1 or 2)

Client.http

Uses the same options as http.request in addition to these options:

Option	Default	Type	Description
encoding	utf8	String	Determines the encoding to use
headers	undefined	Object	Extend the headers sent by the client

Client.http Events

The HTTP server will emit the following events:

Event	When	Arguments	Notes
http request	Created an HTTP request	1. Instance of http.ClientRequest
http response	Received an HTTP response	1. Instance of http.IncomingMessage 2. Instance of http.ClientRequest
http error	Underlying stream emits error	1. Error
http timeout	Underlying stream emits timeout		Automatically causes the request to abort

It is possible to pass a string URL as the first argument. The URL will be run through url.parse. Example:

var jayson = require('jayson');
var client = jayson.client.http('http://localhost:3000');
// client.options is now the result of url.parse

Client.https

Uses the same options as https.request in addition to the same options as Client.http. This means it is also possible to pass a string URL as the first argument and have it interpreted by url.parse.

Will emit the same custom events as Client.http.

Client.tcp

Uses the same options as net.connect in addition to the same options as Client.http.

Client.tls

Uses the same options as tls.connect in addition to the same options as Client.http.

Client.browser

The browser client is a simplified version of the regular client for use browser-side. It does not have any dependencies on node.js core libraries (but does depend on the uuid and lodash) and also does not know how to "send" a request to a server like the other clients.

Because it does not depend on any core libraries, the browser client is not an instance of JaysonClient or EventEmitter and therefore does not emit any of the normal request events that the other clients do.

To use the browser client, require('jayson/lib/client/browser') and pass a calling/transport function as the first argument. The transport function receives a JSON-RPC string request and is expected to callback with a string response received from the server (not JSON) or an error (not a JSON-RPC error).

The reason for dealing with strings is to support the reviver and replacer options like the other clients.

This client example in examples/browser_client/client.js below uses node-fetch in the transport function, but a dropin replacement for use in an actual browser could instead use whatwg-fetch.

var jaysonBrowserClient = require('./../../lib/client/browser'); // i.e. require('jayson/lib/client/browser')
var fetch = require('node-fetch');

var callServer = function(request, callback) {
  var options = {
    method: 'POST',
    body: request, // request is a string
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
  };

  fetch('http://localhost:3000', options)
    .then(function(res) { return res.text(); })
    .then(function(text) { callback(null, text); })
    .catch(function(err) { callback(err); });
};

var client = jaysonBrowserClient(callServer, {
  // other options go here
});

client.request('multiply', [5, 5], function(err, error, result) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(result); // 25
});

Notifications

Notification requests are for cases where the reply from the server is not important and should be ignored. This is accomplished by setting the id property of a request object to null.

Client example in examples/notifications/client.js doing a notification request:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000
});

// the third parameter is set to "null" to indicate a notification
client.request('ping', [], null, function(err) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log('ok'); // request was received successfully
});

Server example in examples/notifications/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server({
  ping: function(args, callback) {
    // do something, do nothing
    callback();
  }
});

server.http().listen(3000);

Notes

• Any value that the server returns will be discarded when doing a notification request.
• Omitting the third argument null to Client.prototype.request does not generate a notification request. This argument has to be set explicitly to null for this to happen.
• Network errors and the like will still reach the callback. When the callback is invoked (with or without error) one can be certain that the server has received the request.
• See the Official JSON-RPC 2.0 Specification for additional information on how Jayson handles notifications that are erroneous.

Batches

A batch request is an array of individual requests that are sent to the server as one. Doing a batch request is very simple in Jayson and consists of constructing an array of individual requests (created by not passing a callback to Client.prototype.request) that is then itself passed to Client.prototype.request.

Combined server/client example in examples/batch_request/index.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server({
  add: function(args, callback) {
    callback(null, args[0] + args[1]);
  }
});

var client = jayson.client(server);

var batch = [
  client.request('does_not_exist', [10, 5]),
  client.request('add', [1, 1]),
  client.request('add', [0, 0], null) // a notification
];

client.request(batch, function(err, errors, successes) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log('errors', errors); // array of requests that errored
  console.log('successes', successes); // array of requests that succeeded
});

client.request(batch, function(err, responses) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log('responses', responses); // all responses together
});

Notes

• See the Official JSON-RPC 2.0 Specification for additional information on how Jayson handles different types of batches, mainly with regards to notifications, request errors and so forth.
• There is no guarantee that the results will be in the same order as request Array request. To find the right result, compare the ID from the request with the ID in the result yourself.

Client callback syntactic sugar

When the length (number of arguments) of a client callback function is either 2 or 3 it receives slightly different values when invoked.

• 2 arguments: first argument is an error or null, second argument is the response object as returned (containing either a result or a error property) or null for notifications.
• 3 arguments: first argument is an error or null, second argument is a JSON-RPC error property or null (if success), third argument is a JSON-RPC result property or null (if error).

When doing a batch request with a 3-length callback, the second argument will be an array of requests with a error property and the third argument will be an array of requests with a result property.

Client events

A client will emit the following events (in addition to any special ones emitted by a specific interface):

Event	When	Arguments	Notes
request	About to dispatch a request	1: Request object
response	Received a response	1: Request object 2: Response object received

Server

The server classes are available as the Server or server property of require('jayson').

The server also sports several interfaces that can be accessed as properties of an instance of Server.

Server interface description

Name	Description
Server	Base interface for a server that supports receiving JSON-RPC requests
Server.tcp	TCP server that inherits from net.Server
Server.tls	TLS server that inherits from tls.Server
Server.http	HTTP server that inherits from http.Server
Server.https	HTTPS server that inherits from https.Server
Server.middleware	Method that returns a Connect/Express compatible middleware function

Servers supports these options:

Option	Default	Type	Description
reviver	null	Function	JSON.parse reviver
replacer	null	Function	JSON.stringify replacer
router	null	Function	Return the function for method routing
collect	true	Boolean	Passed to methodConstructor options
params	undefined	Array/Object/null	Passed to methodConstructor options
methodConstructor	jayson.Method	Function	Server functions are made an instance of this class
version	2	Number	JSON-RPC version to support (1 or 2)

Server.tcp

Uses the same options as the base class. Inherits from net.Server.

Server.tls

Uses the same options as the base class. Inherits from tls.Server.

Server.http

Uses the same options as the base class. Inherits from http.Server.

Server.http Events

Event	When	Arguments	Notes
http request	Incoming HTTP request	1. Instance of http.IncomingMessage
http response	About to send a HTTP response	1. Instance of http.ServerResponse 2. Instance of http. IncomingMessage

Server.https

Uses the same options as the base class. Inherits from https.Server and jayson.Server.http. For information on how to configure certificates, see the documentation on https.Server.

Will emit the same custom events as Server.http.

Server.middleware

Uses the same options as the base class. Returns a function that is compatible with Connect or Express. Will expect the request to be req.body, meaning that the request body must be parsed (typically using connect.bodyParser) before the middleware is invoked.

The middleware supports the following options:

Option	Default	Type	Description
end	true	Boolean	If set to false causes the middleware to next() instead of res.end() when finished.

Middleware example in examples/middleware/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');
var jsonParser = require('body-parser').json;
var connect = require('connect');
var app = connect();

var server = jayson.server({
  add: function(args, callback) {
    callback(null, args[0] + args[1]);
  }
});

// parse request body before the jayson middleware
app.use(jsonParser());
app.use(server.middleware());

app.listen(3000);

Many interfaces at the same time

A Jayson server can use many interfaces at the same time.

Server example in examples/many_interfaces/server.js that listens to both http and a https requests:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server();

// "http" will be an instance of require('http').Server
var http = server.http();

// "https" will be an instance of require('https').Server
var https = server.https({
  //cert: require('fs').readFileSync('cert.pem'),
  //key require('fs').readFileSync('key.pem')
});

http.listen(80, function() {
  console.log('Listening on *:80');
});

https.listen(443, function() {
  console.log('Listening on *:443');
});

Using the server as a relay

Passing an instance of a client as a method to the server makes the server relay incoming requests to wherever the client is pointing to. This might be used to delegate computationally expensive functions into a separate server or to abstract a cluster of servers behind a common interface.

Frontend server example in examples/relay/server_public.js listening on *:3000:

var jayson = require('jayson');

// create a server where "add" will relay a localhost-only server
var server = jayson.server({
  add: jayson.client.http({
    port: 3001
  })
});

// let the frontend server listen to *:3000
server.http().listen(3000);

Backend server example in examples/relay/server_private.js listening on *:3001:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server({
  add: function(args, callback) {
    callback(null, args[0] + args[1]);
  }
});

// let the backend listen to *:3001
server.http().listen(3001);

Every request to add on the public server will now relay the request to the private server. See the client example in examples/relay/client.js.

Method routing

Passing a property named router in the server options will enable you to write your own logic for routing requests to specific functions.

Server example with custom routing logic in examples/method_routing/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var methods = {
  add: function(args, callback) {
    callback(null, args[0] + args[1]);
  }
};

var server = jayson.server(methods, {
  router: function(method, params) {
    // regular by-name routing first
    if(typeof(this._methods[method]) === 'function') return this._methods[method];
    if(method === 'add_2') {
      var fn = server.getMethod('add').getHandler();
      return new jayson.Method(function(args, done) {
        args.unshift(2);
        fn(args, done);
      });
    }
  }
});

server.http().listen(3000);

Client example in examples/method_routing/client.js invoking add_2 on the above server:

var jayson = require('jayson');

// create a client
var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000
});

// invoke "add_2"
client.request('add_2', [3], function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // 5!
});

Server example of nested routes where each property is separated by a dot (you do not need to use the router option for this):

var _ = require('lodash');
var jayson = require('jayson');

var methods = {
  foo: {
    bar: function(callback) {
      callback(null, 'ping pong');
    }
  },
  math: {
    add: function(args, callback) {
      callback(null, args[0] + args[1]);
    }
  }
};

// this reduction produces an object like this: {'foo.bar': [Function], 'math.add': [Function]}
var map = _.reduce(methods, collapse('', '.'), {});
var server = jayson.server(map);

function collapse(stem, sep) {
  return function(map, value, key) {
    var prop = stem ? stem + sep + key : key;
    if(_.isFunction(value)) map[prop] = value;
    else if(_.isObject(value)) map = _.reduce(value, collapse(prop, sep), map);
    return map;
  }
}

Notes

• If router does not return anything, the server will respond with a Method Not Found error.
• The Server.prototype methods method, methods, removeMethod and hasMethod will not use the router method, but will operate on the internal Server.prototype._methods map.
• The router method is expected to return instances of jayson.Method (>=1.2.0)

Method definition

You can also define server methods inside a wrapping object named jayson.Method. This allows additional options about the method to be specified. Using this wrapper - explicitly or implicitly (via server options) - makes it trivial to have your method accept a variable amount of arguments.

The method class is available as the Method or method property of require('jayson'). It supports these options:

Option	Default	Type	Description
handler		Function	The actual function that will handle a JSON-RPC request to this method
collect	>= 2.0.0 true before false	Boolean	Collect JSON-RPC parameters in a single function argument
params	null	`Array	Object

Server example showcasing most features and options in examples/method_definitions/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');
var _ = require('lodash');

var methods = {

  // this function will be wrapped in jayson.Method with options given to the server
  sum: function(args, done) {
    done(null, sum(args));
  },

  // this method gets the raw params as first arg to handler
  sumCollect: new jayson.Method({
    handler: function(args, done) {
      var total = sum(args);
      done(null, total);
    },
    collect: true // means "collect all JSON-RPC parameters in one arg"
  }),

  // specifies some default values (alternate definition too)
  sumDefault: jayson.Method(function(args, done) {
    var total = sum(args);
    done(null, total);
  }, {
    collect: true,
    params: {a: 2, b: 5} // map of defaults
  }),

  // this method returns true when it gets an array (which it always does)
  isArray: new jayson.Method({
    handler: function(args, done) {
      var result = _.isArray(args);
      done(null, result);
    },
    collect: true,
    params: Array // could also be "Object"
  })

};

var server = jayson.server(methods, {
  // Given as options to jayson.Method when adding the method "sum"
  collect: true,
  params: Array
});

server.http().listen(3000);

// sums all numbers in an array
function sum(list) {
  return _.reduce(list, function(sum, val) {
    return sum + val;
  }, 0);
}

Client example in examples/method_definitions/client.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000
});

// invoke "sumCollect" with array
client.request('sumCollect', [3, 5, 9, 11], function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // 28
});

// invoke "sumCollect" with object
client.request('sumCollect', {a: 2, b: 3, c: 4}, function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // 9
});

// invoke "sumDefault" with object missing some defined members
client.request('sumDefault', {b: 10}, function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // 12
});

// invoke "isArray" with an Object
client.request('isArray', {a: 5, b: 2, c: 9}, function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // true
});

client.request('sum', [1, 2, 3], function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // 6
});

Notes

• Adding methods as a plain JavaScript function creates an instance of jayson.Method internally. For backwards compatibility it will be created with the option "collect" set to false (v2.0.0). It is possible to affect this by passing the collect option to the server. This works similarly for the params option.

Server events

In addition to events that are specific to certain interfaces, all servers will emit the following events:

Event	When	Arguments	Notes
request	Interpretable non-batch request received	1: Request object
response	Returning a response	1: Request object 2: Response object
batch	Interpretable batch request received	1. Array of requests	Emits request for every part

Server Errors

If you should like to return an error from an method request to indicate a failure, remember that the JSON-RPC 2.0 specification requires the error to be an Object with a code (Integer/Number) to be regarded as valid. You can also provide a message (String) and a data (Object) with additional information. Example:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server({
  i_cant_find_anything: function(args, callback) {
    var error = {code: 404, message: 'Cannot find ' + args.id};
    callback(error); // will return the error object as given
  },
  i_cant_return_a_valid_error: function(callback) {
    callback({message: 'I forgot to enter a code'}); // will return a pre-defined "Internal Error"
  }
});

Predefined Errors

It is also possible to cause a method to return one of the predefined JSON-RPC 2.0 error codes using the server helper function Server.prototype.error inside of a server method. Example:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server({
  invalid_params: function(args, callback) {
    var error = this.error(-32602); // returns an error with the default properties set
    callback(error);
  }
});

You can even override the default messages:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server({
  error_giver_of_doom: function(callback) {
    callback(true) // invalid error format, which causes an Internal Error to be returned instead
  }
});

// Override the default message
server.errorMessages[Server.errors.INTERNAL_ERROR] = 'I has a sad. I cant do anything right';

Server CORS

Jayson does not include functionality for supporting CORS requests natively but it is easy to use a CORS-enabling middleware like cors. An example of this can be found in examples/cors/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');
var cors = require('cors');
var connect = require('connect');
var jsonParser = require('body-parser').json;
var app = connect();

var server = jayson.server({
  myNameIs: function(args, callback) {
    callback(null, 'Your name is: ' + args.name);
  }
});

app.use(cors({methods: ['POST']}));
app.use(jsonParser());
app.use(server.middleware());

app.listen(3000);

Revivers and Replacers

JSON lacks support for representing types other than the simple ones defined in the JSON specification. Fortunately the JSON methods in JavaScript (JSON.parse and JSON.stringify) provide options for custom serialization/deserialization routines. Jayson allows you to pass your own routines as options to both clients and servers.

Simple example transferring the state of an object between a client and a server:

Shared code between the server and the client in examples/reviving_and_replacing/shared.js:

var Counter = exports.Counter = function(value) {
  this.count = value || 0;
};

Counter.prototype.increment = function() {
  this.count += 1;
};

exports.replacer = function(key, value) {
  if(value instanceof Counter) {
    return {$class: 'counter', $props: {count: value.count}};
  }
  return value;
};

exports.reviver = function(key, value) {
  if(value && value.$class === 'counter') {
    var obj = new Counter();
    for(var prop in value.$props) obj[prop] = value.$props[prop];
    return obj;
  }
  return value;
};

Server example in examples/reviving_and_replacing/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');
var shared = require('./shared');

// Set the reviver/replacer options
var options = {
  reviver: shared.reviver,
  replacer: shared.replacer
};

// create a server
var server = jayson.server({
  increment: function(args, callback) {
    args.counter.increment();
    callback(null, args.counter);
  }
}, options);

server.http().listen(3000);

A client example in examples/reviving_and_replacing/client.js invoking "increment" on the server:

var jayson = require('jayson');
var shared = require('./shared');

var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000,
  reviver: shared.reviver,
  replacer: shared.replacer
});

// create the object
var params = {
  counter: new shared.Counter(2)
}

// invoke "increment"
client.request('increment', params, function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  var result = response.result;
  console.log(
    result instanceof shared.Counter, // true
    result.count, // 3
    params.counter === result // false - result is a new object
  );
});

Notes

• Instead of using a replacer, it is possible to define a toJSON method for any JavaScript object. Unfortunately there is no corresponding method for reviving objects (that would not work, obviously), so the reviver always has to be set up manually.

Named parameters

It is possible to specify named parameters when doing a client request by passing an Object instead of an Array.

Client example in examples/named_parameters/client.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000
});

client.request('add', {b: 1, a: 2}, function(err, response) {
  if(err) throw err;
  console.log(response.result); // 3!
});

Server example in examples/named_parameters/server.js:

var jayson = require('jayson');

var server = jayson.server({
  add: function(a, b, callback) {
    callback(null, a + b);
  }
}, {
  collect: false // don't collect params in a single argument
});

server.http().listen(3000);

Notes

• If requesting methods on a Jayson server, arguments left out will be undefined
• Too many arguments or arguments with invalid names will be ignored
• It is assumed that the last argument to a server method is the callback and it will not be filled with something else
• Parsing a function signature and filling in arguments is generally not recommended and should be avoided

Promises

Since version 2.0.0

A separate tree that does limited usage of the ES6 Promise object is available. The internal API remains callback based, with the addition that promises may be used for two things:

• Returning a Promise when requesting a JSON-RPC method using a Client
• Returning a Promise inside of a Server method

To use the separate tree, do a require('jayson/promise') instead of require('jayson').

Server example in examples/promise/server.js showing how to return a Promise in a server method:

var jayson = require('../../promise');
var _ = require('lodash');

var server = jayson.server({

  add: function(args) {
    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
      var sum = _.reduce(args, function(sum, value) { return sum + value; }, 0);
      resolve(sum);
    });
  },

  // example on how to reject
  rejection: function(args) {
    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
      // server.error just returns {code: 501, message: 'not implemented'}
      reject(server.error(501, 'not implemented'));
    });
  }

});

server.http().listen(3000);

Client example in examples/promise/client.js showing how to do a request:

var jayson = require('../../promise');

var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000
});

var reqs = [
  client.request('add', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]),
  client.request('rejection', [])
];

Promise.all(reqs).then(function(responses) {
  console.log(responses[0].result);
  console.log(responses[1].error);
});

Notes

• JSON-RPC errors will not result in rejection of the Promise. It is however possible that a future version will include a client setting to have JSON-RPC errors result in rejection. Please note that network errors and the like will result in rejection.
• A Promise is considered to have been returned from a server method if the returned object has a property then that is a function.

Promise Batches

Since version 2.0.5

Sometimes you may want to return raw requests from a promise client. This needs to be handled differently, because PromiseClient.prototype.request would normally always be expected to return a Promise which we in this case don't want.

To solve this, we need to set the fourth parameter to PromiseClient.prototype.request explicitly to false in order to not return a Promise.

Client example in examples/promise_batches/client.js showing how to properly execute a batch request:

var jayson = require('../../promise');

var client = jayson.client.http({
  port: 3000
});

var batch = [
  client.request('add', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], undefined, false),
  client.request('add', [5, 6, 7, 8, 9], undefined, false),
];

client.request(batch).then(function(responses) {
  console.log(responses[0].result); // 15
  console.log(responses[1].result); // 35
});

Notes

• The third parameter to PromiseClient.prototype.request above is explicitly set to undefined - this parameter would normally represent the desired ID of the call. Remember that null would mean a notification (which does not return a response) and other falsy values may actually be used as ids. Setting undefined ensures that the id is generated automatically.

Contributing

Highlighting issues or submitting pull requests on Github is most welcome.

Please make sure to follow the style of the project, and lint your code with npm run lint before submitting a patch.