Awesome-AutoML-Papers

Awesome-AutoML-Papers is a curated list of automated machine learning papers, articles, tutorials, slides and projects. Star this repository, and then you can keep abreast of the latest developments of this booming research field. Thanks to all the people who made contributions to this project. Join us and you are welcome to be a contributor.

What is AutoML?

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) provides methods and processes to make Machine Learning available for non-Machine Learning experts, to improve efficiency of Machine Learning and to accelerate research on Machine Learning.

Machine Learning (ML) has achieved considerable successes in recent years and an ever-growing number of disciplines rely on it. However, this success crucially relies on human machine learning experts to perform the following tasks:

• Preprocess the data,
• Select appropriate features,
• Select an appropriate model family,
• Optimize model hyperparameters,
• Postprocess machine learning models,
• Critically analyze the results obtained.

As the complexity of these tasks is often beyond non-ML-experts, the rapid growth of machine learning applications has created a demand for off-the-shelf machine learning methods that can be used easily and without expert knowledge. We call the resulting research area that targets progressive automation of machine learning AutoML. As a new sub-area in machine learning, AutoML has got more attention not only in machine learning but also in computer vision, natural language processing and graph computing.

There are no formal definition of AutoML. From the descriptions of most papers，the basic procedure of AutoML can be shown as the following.

AutoML approaches are already mature enough to rival and sometimes even outperform human machine learning experts. Put simply, AutoML can lead to improved performance while saving substantial amounts of time and money, as machine learning experts are both hard to find and expensive. As a result, commercial interest in AutoML has grown dramatically in recent years, and several major tech companies and start-up companies are now developing their own AutoML systems. An overview comparison of some of them can be summarized to the following table.

Company	AutoFE	HPO	NAS
4paradigm	√	√	×
Alibaba	×	√	×
Baidu	×	×	√
Google	√	√	√
H2O.ai	√	√	×
Microsoft	×	√	√
RapidMiner	√	√	×
Tencent	×	√	×
Transwarp	√	√	√

Awesome-AutoML-Papers includes very up-to-date overviews of the bread-and-butter techniques we need in AutoML:

• Automated Data Clean (Auto Clean)
• Automated Feature Enginnering (Auto FE)
• Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO)
• Meta-Learning
• Neural Architecture Search (NAS)

Table of Contents

• Papers
  • Surveys
  • Automated Feature Engineering
    • Expand Reduce
    • Hierarchical Organization of Transformations
    • Meta Learning
    • Reinforcement Learning
  • Architecture Search
    • Evolutionary Algorithms
    • Local Search
    • Meta Learning
    • Reinforcement Learning
    • Transfer Learning
  • Hyperparameter Optimization
    • Bayesian Optimization
    • Evolutionary Algorithms
    • Lipschitz Functions
    • Local Search
    • Meta Learning
    • Particle Swarm Optimization
    • Random Search
    • Transfer Learning
  • Performance Prediction
    • Performance Prediction
  • Frameworks
  • Miscellaneous
• Tutorials
  • Bayesian Optimization
  • Meta Learning
• Articles
  • Bayesian Optimization
  • Meta Learning
• Slides
  • Bayesian Optimization
• Books
  • Meta Learning
• Projects
• Prominent Researchers

Papers

Surveys

• 2019 | AutoML: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art | Xin He, et al. | arXiv | PDF
• 2019 | Survey on Automated Machine Learning | Marc Zoeller, Marco F. Huber | arXiv | PDF
• 2019 | Automated Machine Learning: State-of-The-Art and Open Challenges | Radwa Elshawi, et al. | arXiv | PDF
• 2018 | Taking Human out of Learning Applications: A Survey on Automated Machine Learning | Quanming Yao, et al. | arXiv | PDF

Automated Feature Engineering

• Expand Reduce

  • 2017 | AutoLearn — Automated Feature Generation and Selection | Ambika Kaul, et al. | ICDM | PDF
  • 2017 | One button machine for automating feature engineering in relational databases | Hoang Thanh Lam, et al. | arXiv | PDF
  • 2016 | Automating Feature Engineering | Udayan Khurana, et al. | NIPS | PDF
  • 2016 | ExploreKit: Automatic Feature Generation and Selection | Gilad Katz, et al. | ICDM | PDF
  • 2015 | Deep Feature Synthesis: Towards Automating Data Science Endeavors | James Max Kanter, Kalyan Veeramachaneni | DSAA | PDF

• Hierarchical Organization of Transformations

  • 2016 | Cognito: Automated Feature Engineering for Supervised Learning | Udayan Khurana, et al. | ICDMW | PDF

• Meta Learning

  • 2017 | Learning Feature Engineering for Classification | Fatemeh Nargesian, et al. | IJCAI | PDF

• Reinforcement Learning

  • 2017 | Feature Engineering for Predictive Modeling using Reinforcement Learning | Udayan Khurana, et al. | arXiv | PDF
  • 2010 | Feature Selection as a One-Player Game | Romaric Gaudel, Michele Sebag | ICML | PDF

Architecture Search

• Evolutionary Algorithms

  • 2019 | Evolutionary Neural AutoML for Deep Learning | Jason Liang, et al. | arXiv | PDF
  • 2017 | Large-Scale Evolution of Image Classifiers | Esteban Real, et al. | PMLR | PDF
  • 2002 | Evolving Neural Networks through Augmenting Topologies | Kenneth O.Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen | Evolutionary Computation | PDF

• Local Search

  • 2017 | Simple and Efficient Architecture Search for Convolutional Neural Networks | Thomoas Elsken, et al. | ICLR | PDF

• Meta Learning

  • 2016 | Learning to Optimize | Ke Li, Jitendra Malik | arXiv | PDF

• Reinforcement Learning

  • 2018 | AMC: AutoML for Model Compression and Acceleration on Mobile Devices | Yihui He, et al. | ECCV | PDF
  • 2018 | Efficient Neural Architecture Search via Parameter Sharing | Hieu Pham, et al. | arXiv | PDF
  • 2017 | Neural Architecture Search with Reinforcement Learning | Barret Zoph, Quoc V. Le | ICLR | PDF

• Transfer Learning

  • 2017 | Learning Transferable Architectures for Scalable Image Recognition | Barret Zoph, et al. | arXiv | PDF

• Network Morphism

  • 2018 | Efficient Neural Architecture Search with Network Morphism | Haifeng Jin, et al. | arXiv | PDF

• Continuous Optimization

  • 2018 | Neural Architecture Optimization | Renqian Luo, et al. | arXiv | PDF
  • 2019 | DARTS: Differentiable Architecture Search | Hanxiao Liu, et al. | ICLR | PDF

Frameworks

• 2019 | Evolutionary Neural AutoML for Deep Learning | Jason Liang, et al. | arXiv | PDF
• 2017 | ATM: A Distributed, Collaborative, Scalable System for Automated Machine Learning | T. Swearingen, et al. | IEEE | PDF
• 2017 | Google Vizier: A Service for Black-Box Optimization | Daniel Golovin, et al. | KDD |PDF
• 2015 | AutoCompete: A Framework for Machine Learning Competitions | Abhishek Thakur, et al. | ICML | PDF

Hyperparameter Optimization

• Bayesian Optimization

  • 2018 | A Tutorial on Bayesian Optimization. | PDF
  • 2018 | Efficient High Dimensional Bayesian Optimization with Additivity and Quadrature Fourier Features | Mojmír Mutný, et al. | NeurIPS | PDF
  • 2018 | High-Dimensional Bayesian Optimization via Additive Models with Overlapping Groups. | PMLR | PDF
  • 2016 | Bayesian Optimization with Robust Bayesian Neural Networks | Jost Tobias Springenberg， et al. | NIPS | PDF
  • 2016 | Scalable Hyperparameter Optimization with Products of Gaussian Process Experts | Nicolas Schilling, et al. | PKDD | PDF
  • 2016 | Taking the Human Out of the Loop: A Review of Bayesian Optimization | Bobak Shahriari, et al. | IEEE | PDF
  • 2016 | Towards Automatically-Tuned Neural Networks | Hector Mendoza, et al. | JMLR | PDF
  • 2016 | Two-Stage Transfer Surrogate Model for Automatic Hyperparameter Optimization | Martin Wistuba, et al. | PKDD | PDF
  • 2015 | Efficient and Robust Automated Machine Learning | PDF
  • 2015 | Hyperparameter Optimization with Factorized Multilayer Perceptrons | Nicolas Schilling, et al. | PKDD | PDF
  • 2015 | Hyperparameter Search Space Pruning - A New Component for Sequential Model-Based Hyperparameter Optimization | Martin Wistua, et al. | PDF
  • 2015 | Joint Model Choice and Hyperparameter Optimization with Factorized Multilayer Perceptrons | Nicolas Schilling, et al. | ICTAI | PDF
  • 2015 | Learning Hyperparameter Optimization Initializations | Martin Wistuba, et al. | DSAA | PDF
  • 2015 | Scalable Bayesian optimization using deep neural networks | Jasper Snoek, et al. | ACM | PDF
  • 2015 | Sequential Model-free Hyperparameter Tuning | Martin Wistuba, et al. | ICDM | PDF
  • 2013 | Auto-WEKA: Combined Selection and Hyperparameter Optimization of Classification Algorithms | PDF
  • 2013 | Making a Science of Model Search: Hyperparameter Optimization in Hundreds of Dimensions for Vision Architectures | J. Bergstra | JMLR | PDF
  • 2012 | Practical Bayesian Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms | PDF
  • 2011 | Sequential Model-Based Optimization for General Algorithm Configuration(extended version) | PDF

• Evolutionary Algorithms

  • 2018 | Autostacker: A Compositional Evolutionary Learning System | Boyuan Chen, et al. | arXiv | PDF
  • 2017 | Large-Scale Evolution of Image Classifiers | Esteban Real, et al. | PMLR | PDF
  • 2016 | Automating biomedical data science through tree-based pipeline optimization | Randal S. Olson, et al. | ECAL | PDF
  • 2016 | Evaluation of a tree-based pipeline optimization tool for automating data science | Randal S. Olson, et al. | GECCO | PDF

• Lipschitz Functions

  • 2017 | Global Optimization of Lipschitz functions | C´edric Malherbe, Nicolas Vayatis | arXiv | PDF

• Local Search

  • 2009 | ParamILS: An Automatic Algorithm Configuration Framework | Frank Hutter, et al. | JAIR | PDF

• Meta Learning

  • 2008 | Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Meta-Learning for Algorithm Selection | PDF
  • 2019 | SMARTML: A Meta Learning-Based Framework for Automated Selection and Hyperparameter Tuning for Machine Learning Algorithms | PDF

• Particle Swarm Optimization

  • 2017 | Particle Swarm Optimization for Hyper-parameter Selection in Deep Neural Networks | Pablo Ribalta Lorenzo, et al. | GECCO | PDF
  • 2008 | Particle Swarm Optimization for Parameter Determination and Feature Selection of Support Vector Machines | Shih-Wei Lin, et al. | Expert Systems with Applications | PDF

• Random Search

  • 2016 | Hyperband: A Novel Bandit-Based Approach to Hyperparameter Optimization | Lisha Li, et al. | arXiv | PDF
  • 2012 | Random Search for Hyper-Parameter Optimization | James Bergstra, Yoshua Bengio | JMLR | PDF
  • 2011 | Algorithms for Hyper-parameter Optimization | James Bergstra, et al. | NIPS | PDF

• Transfer Learning

  • 2016 | Efficient Transfer Learning Method for Automatic Hyperparameter Tuning | Dani Yogatama, Gideon Mann | JMLR | PDF
  • 2016 | Flexible Transfer Learning Framework for Bayesian Optimisation | Tinu Theckel Joy, et al. | PAKDD | PDF
  • 2016 | Hyperparameter Optimization Machines | Martin Wistuba, et al. | DSAA | PDF
  • 2013 | Collaborative Hyperparameter Tuning | R´emi Bardenet, et al. | ICML | PDF

Miscellaneous

• 2018 | Accelerating Neural Architecture Search using Performance Prediction | Bowen Baker, et al. | ICLR | PDF
• 2017 | Automatic Frankensteining: Creating Complex Ensembles Autonomously | Martin Wistuba, et al. | SIAM | PDF

Tutorials

Bayesian Optimization

• 2010 | A Tutorial on Bayesian Optimization of Expensive Cost Functions, with Application to Active User Modeling and Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning | PDF

Meta Learning

• 2008 | Metalearning - A Tutorial | PDF

Blog

Type	Blog Title	Link
HPO	Bayesian Optimization for Hyperparameter Tuning	Link
Meta-Learning	Learning to learn	Link
Meta-Learning	Why Meta-learning is Crucial for Further Advances of Artificial Intelligence?	Link

Books

Year of Publication	Type	Book Title	Authors	Publisher	Link
2009	Meta-Learning	Metalearning - Applications to Data Mining	Brazdil, P., Giraud Carrier, C., Soares, C., Vilalta, R.	Springer	Download
2019	HPO, Meta-Learning, NAS	AutoML: Methods, Systems, Challenges	Frank Hutter, Lars Kotthoff, Joaquin Vanschoren		Download

Projects

Project	Type	Language	License	Link
AdaNet	NAS	Python	Apache-2.0	Github
Advisor	HPO	Python	Apache-2.0	Github
AMLA	HPO, NAS	Python	Apache-2.0	Github
ATM	HPO	Python	MIT	Github
Auger	HPO	Python	Commercial	Homepage
Auto-Keras	NAS	Python	License	Github
AutoML Vision	NAS	Python	Commercial	Homepage
AutoML Video Intelligence	NAS	Python	Commercial	Homepage
AutoML Natural Language	NAS	Python	Commercial	Homepage
AutoML Translation	NAS	Python	Commercial	Homepage
AutoML Tables	AutoFE, HPO	Python	Commercial	Homepage
auto-sklearn	HPO	Python	License	Github
auto_ml	HPO	Python	MIT	Github
BayesianOptimization	HPO	Python	MIT	Github
BayesOpt	HPO	C++	AGPL-3.0	Github
comet	HPO	Python	Commercial	Homepage
DataRobot	HPO	Python	Commercial	Homepage
DEvol	NAS	Python	MIT	Github
Driverless AI	AutoFE	Python	Commercial	Homepage
FAR-HO	HPO	Python	MIT	Github
H2O AutoML	HPO	Python, R, Java, Scala	Apache-2.0	Github
HpBandSter	HPO	Python	BSD-3-Clause	Github
HyperBand	HPO	Python	License	Github
Hyperopt	HPO	Python	License	Github
Hyperopt-sklearn	HPO	Python	License	Github
Hyperparameter Hunter	HPO	Python	MIT	Github
Katib	HPO	Python	Apache-2.0	Github
MateLabs	HPO	Python	Commercial	Github
Milano	HPO	Python	Apache-2.0	Github
MLJAR	HPO	Python	Commercial	Homepage
nasbot	NAS	Python	MIT	Github
neptune	HPO	Python	Commercial	Homepage
NNI	HPO, NAS	Python	MIT	Github
Optunity	HPO	Python	License	Github
R2.ai	HPO		Commercial	Homepage
RBFOpt	HPO	Python	License	Github
RoBO	HPO	Python	BSD-3-Clause	Github
Scikit-Optimize	HPO	Python	License	Github
SigOpt	HPO	Python	Commercial	Homepage
SMAC3	HPO	Python	License	Github
TPOT	AutoFE, HPO	Python	LGPL-3.0	Github
TransmogrifAI	HPO	Scala	BSD-3-Clause	Github
Tune	HPO	Python	Apache-2.0	Github
Xcessiv	HPO	Python	Apache-2.0	Github
SmartML	HPO	R	GPL-3.0	Github
MLBox	AutoFE, HPO	Python	BSD-3 License	Github

Slides

Type	Slide Title	Authors	Link
AutoFE	Automated Feature Engineering for Predictive Modeling	Udyan Khurana, etc al.	Download
HPO	A Tutorial on Bayesian Optimization for Machine Learning	Ryan P. Adams	Download
HPO	Bayesian Optimisation	Gilles Louppe	Download

Acknowledgement

Special thanks to everyone who contributed to this project.

Name	Bio
Alexander Robles	PhD Student @UNICAMP-Brazil
derekflint
Eric
Erin LeDell	Chief Machine Learning Scientist @H2O.ai
fwcore
Gaurav Mittal
koala	Senior Researcher @Tencent
Lilian Besson	PhD Student @CentraleSupélec
罗磊
Marc
Mohamed Maher
Richard Liaw	PhD Student @UC Berkeley
Randy Olson	Lead Data Scientist @LifeEGX
Slava Kurilyak	Founder, CEO @Produvia
Saket Maheshwary	AI Researcher
shaido987
sophia-wright-blue
tengben0905
xuehui	@Microsoft
Yihui He	Grad Student @CMU

Contact & Feedback

If you have any suggestions (missing papers, new papers, key researchers or typos), feel free to pull a request. Also you can mail to:

• Mark Lin ([email protected]).

Licenses

Awesome-AutoML-Papers is available under Apache Licenses 2.0.