[docker] use cloudfront debian mirrors for bullseye #70500

Job	Run time
file_change_determinator	11s
rust-doc-tests	4m 39s
rust-consensus-only-smoke-test	0s
rust-consensus-only-unit-test	0s
rust-unit-tests	0s
general-lints	26s
rust-check-merge-base	1m 10s
rust-cargo-deny	1m 41s
rust-cryptohasher-domain-separation-check	0s
rust-lints	3m 33s
rust-smoke-tests	26m 52s
rust-targeted-unit-tests	3m 3s
rust-build-cached-packages	2m 1s
	43m 36s

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