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Breeding
Breeding is similar to vanilla Minecraft. Feed tame horses golden carrots or golden apples to make them enter love mode, let two horses in love mode touch noses, and a foal appears.
In some cases a foal will not appear, and the horses will spawn black smoke particles. This means the baby got bad genes and died in the womb before there was any sign of pregnancy. Breeding two dominant white horses together can cause this, if the would-be foal inherits the dominant white gene from both parents.
If genders are enabled, a horse's gender will be displayed in the top right corner of its inventory screen. If the horse hasn't been given a name, it will also show its name as "Mare", "Stallion", "Colt", or "Filly" depending on its gender and age. HWYLA or a similar mod will make those names visible even without the inventory, so you can tell what gender foals or wild horses are too.
Version 1.9+ : Genders are enabled by default
Version 1.8 and earlier: By default, the horses are genderless like other Minecraft animals. Genders can be enabled by changing the configuration to set enableGenders to true.
Enabling genders also enables pregnancy. When two horses breed, they will spawn XP orbs and create heart particles, but the baby won't appear right away. Instead the mare will become pregnant, and she will give birth twenty minutes later. In her inventory screen, a bar next to the gender icon shows how far along she is in pregnancy. The mare can't be bred again until twenty minutes later when she gives birth, but the stallion can cover another mare after only 12 seconds.
The various waiting times can be adjusted in the config file.
To change pregnancy length, set pregnancyLength to the desired number of ticks. The default of 24000 is twenty minutes (one Minecraft day), so for example 48000 would be 40 minutes (2 Minecraft days) and 0 would effectively disable pregnancy.
To change the time horses have to wait in between breeding, edit genderlessBreedingCooldown, maleBreedingCooldown, or femaleBreedingCooldown to set the time for the different genders.