go.mod: update PD client to fix the backoffer retry

[JmPotato]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #53719, close tikv/pd#8142.

Problem Summary:

What changed and how does it work?

Update PD client to fix the backoffer retry by adopting tikv/pd#8227.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

Update PD client to fix the bug where HTTP client retry logic is ineffective.

[JmPotato]

/retest

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: hi-rustin, nolouch

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• OWNERS [hi-rustin]

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-05-31 09:23:14.708631491 +0000 UTC m=+3027548.465767059: ☑️ agreed by hi-rustin.
• 2024-05-31 09:27:10.832749343 +0000 UTC m=+3027784.589884917: ☑️ agreed by nolouch.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 73.8660%. Comparing base (35e09a2) to head (f302701).

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             master     #53718        +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage   72.5200%   73.8660%   +1.3460%     
================================================
  Files          1506       1506                
  Lines        430950     430988        +38     
================================================
+ Hits         312525     318354      +5829     
+ Misses        99061      93088      -5973     
- Partials      19364      19546       +182     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	47.2399% <ø> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	53.9957% <ø> (ø)
parser	∅ <ø> (∅)
br	42.1666% <ø> (+0.3501%)	⬆️

[JmPotato]

/cherry-pick release-8.1

[ti-chi-bot]

@JmPotato: new pull request created to branch release-8.1: #53722.

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-8.1

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